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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Zoology × Author: Anand Kumar × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modulatory effects of ascorbic acid in fresh water fish cirrhinus mrigala exposed to heavy metals
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Anand Kumar; Sabhlok, V.P.
    Some heavy metals are useful for animal body which helps in growth and other metabolic function of the body. But some other heavy metals are not useful for body. Zinc is useful for body but to a limit. Whenever this limit increases it can change biochemical composition of body. The aim of present investigation was to study the effects of heavy metals viz., zinc and lead in fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala with or without ascorbic acid feeding so as to find out the ameliorating effects of the ascorbic acid. The heavy metal treatment of 45 days resulted in disfunctioning in swimming, feeding, behaviour, body colour and some diseases like hemorrhage, fin erosion, scale erosion, blood oozing etc. in fish body because of biochemical changes in fish body. Liver/serum protein level decreased in both the treatments of zinc and lead. A maximum reduction of protein was at higher dose level of heavy metals. The level of cholesterol increased in both treatments i.e. zinc and lead but cholesterol level increased much more in the lead treatment as compared to zinc treatment. The enzyme activities of SDH, GDH, PDH decreased in both treatment i.e. zinc and lead. The ascorbic acid at the rate of 400 mg/kg (21 days) feeding was given to fish so as to find out the ameliorating effects. There was an improvement in the protein levels, cholesterol levels and the enzymatic activities of SDH, GDH and PDH. The ascorbic acid contents decreased with an increase of the dose level of heavy metals because ascorbic acid reduces the toxicity of heavy metals. This is the reason that the protein, cholesterol and enzymatic activities of SDH, GDH and PDH improved when ascorbic acid feeding was given to fish. After 45 days treatment of zinc and lead, fish was exposed to metal free water for recovery period of 21 days. There was a 5-50% recovery in fish protein, cholesterol and the enzymatic activities of SDH, GDH and PDH. The zinc and lead treatment at different dose levels i.e. 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 ppm, showed the toxic effects in C. mrigala and there was a change in the behaviour, external body symptoms, protein level, cholesterol level and the enzymatic activities of the fish.