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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on in vitro plant regeneration in Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)(CCSHAU, 2014) Hegde, Vivek; Partap, P.S.Development of an efficient plant regeneration system is a pre-requisite for any plant biotechnological approach for crop improvement. In this regard the in vitro regeneration from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from aseptically raised seedlings of popular Capsicum F1 hybrids Bharat and Indra was achieved. The anther culture was also tried to produce double haploids. Seeds of both hybrids were exposed to different treatments for proper germination. The treated seeds were decontaminated and placed in a half-strength MS medium and then incubated in 16h photoperiod for germination. The seed soaked in distilled water along with GA3 at 2 mg/l for two days prior to sowing had more pronounced effect on both capsicum hybrids recording maximum germination (90.45 and 84.59 %, respectively) and that also in minimum number of days (9.67 days and 10.33 days, respectively). Tissue culture responses to morphogenesis varied with the genotypes, source of explants, type of explants and combinations of growth regulators used. Per cent regeneration (96.30%), number of shoots per explants (4.56) and per cent elongation (82.10%) was maximum in hybrid Indra from cotyledons having abaxial side in contact with growing medium supplemented with zeatin at 7.5 mg/l along with GA3 at 2.0 mg/l. Cent per cent rooting, optimum number of roots (27.56 and 23.65, respectively) and root length (4.94 cm and 7.71 cm, respectively) were observed when regenerated shoots cultured on MS media supplemented with IBA at 0.5 mg/l in both the hybrids. The survival percentage of regenerated plantlets was higher in Indra (92.31%) as compared to Bharat (85.71%) during hardening in pots containing sterile mixture of coco-peat and vermiculite (1:1) and thereafter in pots containing soil. Anthers of both hybrids were collected at three different stages of microspore development and cultured on medium supplemented with different ratios of growth regulators and additives. The effect of heat treatment at 35oC for seven days on androgenesis was also examined. Androgenic callus induction was best on heat treated anthers cultured on media supplemented with zeatin at 1.0 mg/l along with 2,4-D at 0.2 mg/l and AgNO3 at15 mg/l in both the hybrids (54.02% and 60.92%, respectively) and hybrid Indra responded better than Bharat. The effect of different cytokinins (BAP, kinetin, TDZ and zeatin) along with NAA on regeneration of androgenic callus was also studied, however, shoot induction could not be achieved. Hence, greening of callus in particular medium was recorded. The MS media supplemented with kinetin at 7.5 mg/l along with NAA at 0.2 mg/l recorded maximum per cent greening of callus i.e. 53.33% and 51.11% in hybrid Indra and Bharat, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Diagnosis Of Antimicrobial Resistance Associated With Bovine Staphylococcal Mastitis(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Sindhu, Neelesh; SridharThesisItem Open Access Effect of manures and biofertilizers on growth and yield of garlic(CCSHAU, 2012) Ramesh Kumar; Avtar SinghThe experiment entitled “Effect of manures and biofertilizers on growth and yield of garlic” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS HAU, Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2009-10. The experiment comprised the 15 treatments (manures and biofertilizers) and was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Net plot size was kept 2.25× 2 m. Ten competitive plants were observed randomly from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters that were influenced by different manures and biofertilizers. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, average length of leaves, average breadth of leaves were found maximum with treatment T6 followed by T11 at 45, 60 and 90 DAS and same trend was observed in case of average bulb diameter, bulb neck thickness, average bulb weight, number of clove per bulb, clove size, total plant biomass and shoot weight per plant. The yield parameters of garlic were significantly influenced by different manures and biofertilizers. The yield of garlic was found maximum with treatment of T11 (124.24 q/ha) which was on par with T9 (124.05 q/ha). The lowest garlic yield was observed with T15 (114.06 q/ha). HG-17 produced highest leaf dry matter (%), Bulb dry matter (%) and total soluble solids along with treatment of T6 followed by T11 and T14.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on quality seed production of onion (Allium cepa L.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Naval Kishor; Batra, V.K.The present investigation entitled “Studies on quality seed production of onion (Allium cepa L.)” was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi season 2013-14 and 2014-15 with two experiments, i.e., (i) Effect of planting time and paclobutrazol on yield and quality of onion seed and (ii) Effect of fertilizers and plant spacing on yield and quality of onion seed. In first experiment, the treatments comprising of three planting dates (D1 : First week of October, D2: Third week of October and D3: First week of November) and four levels of paclobutrazol (G1: Control, G2: 500 ppm, G3: 750 ppm and G4: 1000 ppm) were laid out in randomized block design (factorial) with three replications in a plot of 3.6x3.6 m size. Five competitive plants were randomly selected from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different planting dates and paclobutrazol concentration. The maximum values for days to 50% flowering, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield per plant and per hectare, test weight, seed germination percentage, seed vigour index-I, vigour index-II and electrical conductivity were registered when the crop was planted in first week of October and sprayed with paclobutrazol at 500 ppm concentration (D 1xG 2) during both the years. The treatment combination first week of October and control (D1xG 1) was found best for length of leaves and flower stalk. The minimum lodging of seed stalks was observed when the crop was planted in first week of October and sprayed with paclobutrazol at 1000 ppm concentration. However, the characters days to sprouting initiation, sprouting completion, number of shoots per plant, seed stalk diameter, umbel diameter and disease incidence were found non-significant during both the years. The study suggested that the crop for getting higher yield and quality of onion seed should be planted in first week of October and sprayed with paclobutrazol at 500 ppm concentration. In second experiment, the treatments comprising of three fertilizers levels (F 1: 75% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash, F 2: 100% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash and F 3 : 125% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash) and four plant spacing (S 1: 45x30 cm, S 2: 45x45 cm, S 3: 60x30 cm and S 4: 60x45 cm) were laid out in randomized block design (factorial) with three replications in a plot of 3.6x3.6 m size. The results of the experiment showed that different fertilizers levels and plant spacing influenced the yield and quality of onion seed significantly. The treatment combination 125% recommended dose of phosphorus and potash with 60x45 cm plant spacing (F3 xS 4) gave the best results with respect to days to 50% flowering, seed stalk diameter, number of umbels per plant, umbel diameter, number of seeds per umbel, disease incidence, lodging of seed stalks , seed yield per plant, test weight, seed germination percentage, seed vigour index I , vigour index II and electrical conductivity of seeds during both the years. The length of leaves and flower stalks as well as seed yield per hectare were obtained maximum when the crop was planted at a spacing of 45x30 cm and supplied with 125% recommended dose of phosphorus and potash (F 3 xS 1). However, the characters days to sprouting initiation, sprouting completion and number of shoots per plant were found non-significant during both the years. The study suggested that for getting higher seed yield of onion, the crop should be planted at a spacing of 45x30 cm and supplied with 125% recommended dose of phosphorus and potash.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on intercropping and crop geometry in organic production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)(CCSHAU, 2014) Yadav, Lalu Prasad; Singh, AvtarThe research investigation entitled “Studies on intercropping and crop geometry in organic production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)” was conducted at the research farm and laboratory of Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2012-13 and 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with three different organic manure and two spacing as main plot treatments and five intercrops including sole crop of broccoli as sub-plot treatments, thus making a total of thirty treatment combinations, from the various parameters recorded number of leaves, days to first and 50 per cent harvesting, maximum weight of main head (g), girth of head (cm), number of sprouts per plant, weight of sprouts per plant (g), yield of sprouts per plant (g), total yield per plant (g), total yield (q/ha), plant biomass (g), mineral content in whole plant, vitamin A (mg/100g) and vitamin C (mg/100g) of broccoli were maximum in the M2S1C1 While, phosphorus content (mg/kg) in plant in the treatment M3S1C1. However, plant height (cm), minimum days to harvesting and yield (q/ha) of intercrops was maximum in the M2S2C4 treatment. So, it is concluded from the present investigation that application of vermicompost under a spacing of 45 x 45 cm the sole crop of broccoli (M2S1C1) recorded higher total yield (303.9 q/ha). The highest total yield of greens and roots was recorded with the application of vermicompost under paired row spacing and radish as the intercrop planted in broccoli (M2S2C5) followed by the application of poultry manure also under paired row planting system and radish as intercrop (M3S2C5). The maximum net return (Rs. 162795) was obtained under the M2S1C4 treatment, however, benefit: cost ratio (1: 0.84) was under the treatment M3S1C4, which was statistically at par with the M2S1C4 treatment (1: 0.83).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on morphological and biochemical traits for potato apical leaf curl virus disease resistance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Reddy, Karthik Panyam; Baswana, K.S.The experiment entitled “Studies on morphological and biochemical traits for potato apical leaf curl virus disease resistance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14. One hundred sixty seven potato genotypes were planted in randomized block design with two replications for screening against potato apical leaf curl virus disease (PALCVD) during rabi season of 2012-13. Infector rows were planted all around the trial and after every tenth row. Based on the disease reaction, 167 genotypes were categorized in to resistant (97), moderately resistant (21), susceptible (14) and highly susceptible (35) categories. During rabi season of 2013-14, twenty-two genotypes (13 resistant, 4 moderately resistant and 5 susceptible) were selected for detailed study and planted in RBD with three replications. Significant and greater amount of variation was observed among the genotypes for all the 21 characters studied. Kufri Bahar and AICRP-PH-2 were completely free from PALCVD whereas, Kufri Khyati was highly susceptible. Kufri Garima produced the highest yield (364.20 q/ha) followed by Kufri Khyati and Kufri Sadabahar. Phenols (83.75mg/100g) and orthodihydroxy phenols (15.65mg/100g) were maximum in disease free genotype Kufri Bahar and low in all the susceptible genotypes. Whitefly population was high in susceptible genotypes like Kufri Khyati and Kufri Pukhraj. The lower numbers of whitefly was found in resistant genotypes, which had lower disease incidence. High PCV, GCV, with high heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean were observed for plant height at 45 and 60 DAP, leaf area, weight of leaf, stem & total foliage /hill, total and marketable yield, number of stomata, number of trichomes, whitefly population at 5, 10, 15 days after emergence, phenols, orthodihydroxy phenols and total sugars indicating simple selection method for the improvement of these traits. Correlation studies revealed that per cent potato apical leaf curl virus disease incidence had significant and positive association with whitefly population, number of stomata, leaf area, and total sugars while, per cent disease incidence had significantly negative correlation with number of trichomes, phenol content and orthodihydroxy phenols. Path analysis showed that leaf area, total sugars and whitefly population exhibited high positive direct effects on disease incidence, while the characters like number of trichomes, orthodihydroxy phenols had high direct negative effects, and other characters exerted indirect negative effects through these traits indicating that these were the major contributing characters to PALCVD incidence in potato.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of manures, bio-fertilizers and mulching on growth and yield of potato(CCSHAU, 2013) Rajesh kumar; Avtar, SinghThe experiment entitled “Effect of manures, bio-fertilizers and mulching on growth and yield of potato” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to find out the sutaible level of manures and mulching for getting higher yield as well as keeping quality of potato tubers at ambient room temperature. The potato variety used for the investigation was Kufri Bahar. The treatments comprising two levels of mulching and non- mulching and sixteen levels of organic manures were laid out in a split plot design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 3.0 x 3.0 m. The ten competitive plants were selected randomly from each treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different levels of mulching and organic manures. The maximum value for plant height at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting, number of stems per hill, number of leaves per stem, leaf weight per hill (g), stem weight per hill (g), leaf area index, number and weight (kg) of <25, 26-50, 51-75 and >75 g size tubers, total number and weight of tubers (kg / m2) total and marketable tuber yield (kg/m2 and q/ha) were recorded maximum with the application of vermi-compost @ 6.0 t/ha + biofertilizers + ( Azotobactor + PSB). However, the number and weight (kg) of up to 25 g size tubers was noticed maximum with out organic manures application. Dry matter and starch content of potato tubers (%) at harvest was recorded maximum with vermi-compost @ 6.0 t /ha + bio-fertilizers + ( Azotobactor + PSB), while the total ethanol soluble sugars content of potato tubers at harvest on dry weight basis (mg/100 g) was minimum vermicompost @ 6.0 t /ha + bio-fertilizers + ( Azotobactor + PSB). The minimum value for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after harvest was recorded with vermi-compost @ 6.0 t /ha + bio-fertilizers + ( Azotobactor + PSB). The interaction effect of mulching and manures showed significant variation for leaves weight, leaf area index, tuber yield and keeping quality parameters. Significantly the highest values for leaves weight per hill (g), leaf area index, weight (kg) of <25, 26-50, 51-75 and >75 g size tubers per square meter, total weight of tubers (kg) per square meter were registered with the treatment combination of mulching and vermi-compost @ 6.0 t /ha + bio-fertilizers + (Azotobactor + PSB) . Similarly, minimum value for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and days after harvest was noted with treatment combination of mulching and application vermi-compost @ 6.0 t/ha + bio-fertilizers + (Azotobactor + PSB). The two years results suggest that the mulching in combination with vermi-compost @ 6.0 t /ha + bio-fertilizers + (Azotobactor + PSB) has shown the best treatment combinations for potato production and storage at ambient room temperature, respectively under semiarid conditions of Hisar (Haryna).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of irrigation and potash levels on yield and keeping quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)(CCSHAU, 2012) Adhikari, Ram Chandra; Rana, M.K.The experiment entitled “Effect of irrigation and potash levels on yield and keeping quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to find out the optimum level of irrigation and potash for getting higher yield as well as keeping quality of potato tubers at ambient room temperature. The potato variety used for the investigation was Kufri Bahar. The treatments comprising four levels of irrigation (25, 30, 35 and 40 mm CPE) and four levels of potash (0, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) were laid out in a split plot design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 3.6x3.6 m. The ten competitive plants were selected randomly from each treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different levels of irrigation and potash. The leaves weight per hill (g), leaf area index, weight (kg) of >25-50, >50-75 and > 75 g size tubers,total tuber yield (kg/m 2 and q/ha) and marketable tuber yield (kg/m 2 and q/ha) were registered significantly maximum with irrigation level 35 mm CPE. Likewise, the values for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after harvest was lowest with irrigation level 40 mm CPE. The maximum value for plant height at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting, number of stems per hill, number of leaves per stem, leaves weight per hill (g), stem weight per hill (g), leaf area index, number and weight (kg) of >25-50, 50-75 and >75 g size tubers, total number and weight of tubers (kg) per meter square and total and marketable tuber yield (kg/m 2 and q/ha) were recorded maximum with the application of potash @ 150 kg/ha. However, the number and weight (kg) of up to 25 g size tubers was noticed maximum with no potash application. Dry matter and starch content of potato tubers (%) at harvest was recorded maximum with potash application @ 150 kg/ha, while the total ethanol soluble sugars content of potato tubers at harvest on dry weight basis (mg/100 g) was minimum with potash 150 kg/ha. The minimum value for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after harvest was recorded with potash application @ 150 kg/ha. The interaction effect of irrigation and potash levels showed remarkable variation for leaves weight, leaf area index, tuber yield and keeping quality parameters. Significantly the highest values for leaves weight per hill (g), leaf area index, weight (kg) of >25-50, 50-75 and >75 g size tubers per square meter, total weight of tubers (kg) per square meter were registered with the treatment combination of irrigation level 35 mm CPE andpotash 150 kg/ha. Similarly, significantly the minimum value for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and days after harvest wasnoted with treatment combination of irrigation level 40 mm CPE and potash application @ 150 kg/ha. The two years results suggest that the irrigation level 35 mm CPE in combination with potash @ 150 kg/ha and irrigation level 40 mm CPE with potash 150 kg/ha have shown the best treatment combinations for potato production and storage at ambient room temperature, respectively under semiarid conditions of Hisar (Haryna).ThesisItem Open Access Heterotic response and combining ability for yield & quality attributes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Senjam, Jinus Singh; Batra, V.K.Sixty hybrids were developed by crossing four testers with each of the fifteen lines in Line x Tester design at Vegetable Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The potent lines viz., 11/TODVAR-1, 11/TODVAR-3. H-86, 12/TODVAR-2, 12/TODVAR-8 and NP-NILD registered highest positive gca effects for quantitative attributes plant height and no. of primary branches per plant; yield per plant and early yield per plant (desirable negative effects); flower per truss and fruit per truss; single fruit weight; fruit diameter, and fruit per plant respectively. For quality characters, the lines 11/TODVAR-7, 12/TODVAR-3, 11/TODVAR-3, 12/TODVAR-6, and NP-NILD registered highest positive gca effects for fruit firmness, pericarp thickness and no. of locule per fruit; juice yield per fruit and titratable acidity; pulp weight per fruit, and TSS and ascorbic acid respectively. Among testers, Punjab Ratta, BL-982, DVRT-2, and Punjab Barkha Bahar-2 registered highest positive gca effects for plant height and fruits per plant; primary branches per plant and days to 50% flowering (desirable negative effect); single fruit weight and fruit diameter, and early yield per plant and yield per plant respectively. For quality traits, the testers BL-982, DVRT-2, Punjab Ratta and Punjab Barkha Bahar-2 registered highest positive gca effects for juice yield per fruit; titratable acidity and ascorbic acid; pulp weight per fruit and titratable acidity; pericarp thickness, and fruit firmness and no. of locule per fruit respectively. Those few hybrids viz., 11/TODVAR-1 x Punjab Barkha Bahar for plant height, H-86 x DVRT-2 and 11/TODVAR-6 x Punjab Barkha Bahar-2 for number of primary branches/plant, EC-402255 x DVRT-2 for number of flowers/truss, EC-402255 x DVRT-2 for number of fruits/ truss, 12/TODVAR-8 x DVRT-2 for single fruit weight , NP-NILD x Punjab Ratta for Fruit per plant, 12/TODVAR-2 x BL-982 for early yield per plant, 12/TODVAR-2 x BL-982 for yield per plant and 12/TODVAR-2 x BL-982 for juice yield per fruit, exhibiting high per se performance also showed high heterotic performance over the commercial checks implying the role of heterosis for selection of best cross combination coupled with significant sca effects for corresponding character.