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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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20211
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Author: Kuldeep Singh × End date: 2021 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on scope of energy conservation for groundwater pumping in Sonepat district of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-06) Kuldeep Singh; Sidhpuria, M.S.
    Rapid expansion of ground water resources for fulfilling agriculture needs, compelled farmers to shift to tube wells at deeper depths leading to over exploitation of groundwater and higher energy requirements for ground water pumping. This study deals with quantification of different mechanical and management factors responsible for energy losses. To identify suitable remedial measures and assess potential energy saving for groundwater pumping. There were large variations in the energy consumption and different factors responsible for it in the 65 electricity powered submersible pump sets (i.e., 30 from Sonepat block and 35 from Rai block) covering 63 villages. Percentage contribution of different heads in total power consumption was highest due to the pumping water level followed by total friction losses then height of delivery pipe above G.S and velocity head loss which on average were 80.68, 13.79, 3.77 and 1.75%, respectively in Sonepat block. Similarly, this was on average 80.25, 15.26, 3.02 and 1.46%, respectively in Rai block. The minimum expected overall efficiency of selected tube wells based on BIS code IS 8034:2002 was on average 48.3% and 49.7% and actual overall efficiency was found to be on average 26.1% and 32.5% in Sonepat and Rai block, respectively. Average water application efficiency based on data collected from ten selected farmers’ field was 62.58%. Highest energy consumption for ground water pumping was observed in paddy-wheat rotation (3384.0 and 4178.4 kWh ha-1 in Sonepat and Rai Block, respectively) and same should be prioritised. This was followed by cotton- wheat rotation and then sugarcane. Replacing the existing pump sets with suitable efficient pump sets can lead to potential energy saving in the range of 45.19 and 34.62 % in Sonepat and Rai Block, respectively. Based on the results of field experiments conducted at KVK, Sonepat farm, micro sprinkler irrigation (T4) may be preferred in terms of grain and straw yield (45.55 q ha-1 and 58.55 q ha-1, respectively), WUEgrain (1.27 q ha-1cm-1), water saving with high application (94.49 %) and distribution efficiency (94.72 %) but this doesn’t necessarily translate into energy savings due to additional energy requirements of the system. Treatment T3 (Border irrigation with laser guided land levelling having 0.3% longitudinal slope) followed after T4 with grain and straw yield (43.70 q ha-1 and 55.73 q ha-1, respectively), WUEgrain (1.05 q ha-1cm-1), water saving with high application (87.45 %) and distribution efficiency (91.76 %) while T5 (Farmer’s practice) had least preferable results. Proper grading of field contributed to improve water application efficiency, thus resulting in reduced energy consumption in T3. Water application efficiency in the study area based on survey at the fields of ten selected farmers was average 62.58%, which can be potentially improved to 87.45% by adoption of graded border irrigation with laser land levelling. This can result in 28.62% potential energy saving in wheat crop in the range of 839.79 kWh ha-1 on average in comparison of current average of 1166.40 kWh ha-1 at the fields of ten selected farmers. Similarly, at block level, graded border irrigation with laser land levelling can lead to 28.30% potential energy saving in both blocks. Adoption of DSR technology instead of production of wetland paddy in paddy-wheat cropping system can facilitate the use of graded border in both seasons in the study area. There is great potential for energy conservation in the study area which can be realised by correct interventions and improve sustainability.