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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis(CCSHAU, 2022-09) Meenu Singh; Vinod kumariThe present study entitled “Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis.” was carried out with the objectives to identify the drudgery reducing technologies, their knowledge and adoption among farm women and as well as their impact on the life of farm women. The study was carried out Haryana state in two districts Hisar and Mahandragarh with a sample size of 320 respondents. A well framed questionnaire and interview scheduled was followed to conduct the study. The socio-economic profile of respondents indicated that an overwhelming majority was married, in age group of 31-40 years, having small landholdings (2.6-5.0 Acres) and medium level of socio-economic status. About half of the respondents in both the districts were having low level of mass media exposure. A total 10 drudgery reducing farm technologies and 10 drudgery reducing household technologies were identified for investigation. More number of respondents in Hisar district were having high overall knowledge (61.3%) about drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to Mahendergarh (25.0%). Regarding household technology, more than half of the respondents (52.5%) were having moderate overall knowledge about household technology. Women farmers in Hisar district were having high level of extent of adoption (64.4%) of drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to those in Mahendergarh (25.0%). Majority of respondents (91.2%) in both the districts revealed that the technologies helped them in reducing time and efforts. About two-third of the respondents from both districts also reported that the technologies reduced muscular fatigue and pain and provided comfortable working postures. Regarding overall impact of the drudgery reducing technologies, 37.8% women reported high impact level of farm technologies followed by moderate (34.7%) and low (27.5%) while in case household technologies, 37.5% women reported high impact followed by moderate (32.5%) and low (30.0%). It was found various socio-economic variables were having significant association with knowledge, adoption and impact of drudgery reducing technologies. Lack of freedom in decision making, technologies in purview of men and financial constraints were the factors that worked as a barrier in adoption of drudgery reducing technology. It was concluded that keeping in view the benefits of drudgery reducing technologies to farm women there is need to enhance their knowledge with training/intervention for more adoption of these technologies in future.ThesisItem Open Access Socio-economic factors affecting inter-gender role of dairy farmers in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-04) Bidhan, Shikha; Tyagi, RashmiThe present study entitled "Socio-economic factors affecting inter – gender role of dairy farmers in Haryana" was conducted in Department of Sociology, CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2021 to 2022. The study was conducted in two districts namely, Karnal and Hisar with the objectives to study the nnature, extent and participation in decision making of inter gender in dairy farming; knowledge and awareness of inter gender in dairy farming; and factors affecting dairy farming along with the socio-economic impact. The survey was made with well structure questionnaire in 12 villages and 180 respondents were selected out of 360. The study revealed that majority of the respondents was of middle age group (36-50 years), belonged to general caste (41.11%). Most of the respondents were illiterate (37.22%), having joint family (55%) with a medium family size (5-7 members) having a land holding of 2.51 – 5 hectare. The annual income of the dairy farming respondents was medium (Rs. 1-3 lac). The socio-economic status, level of participation, level of knowledge, level of awareness of most of the dairy farming was medium. The major constraints related to dairy farming among the inter-gender community were non-availability of land for fodder production, lack of scientific knowledge, and low price milk. Independent factors like age, education, land holding, experience in dairy farming, mass media exposure, extension contact and socio-economic status were found significantly associated with participation in dairy farming, level of knowledge, level of awareness and extent of decision making. Seeing the above facts, it can be concluded that women are participating in dairy farming in Haryana a lot starting from the milk management, breeding, economic decisions and there is need to educate at the village level for awareness of dairy farming new technologies that should economically feasible, socially accepted and having low risk.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of social media on the lifestyle of rural youth(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Priyanka Rani; Tyagi, RashmiRural youth frequently engage in multifaceted activities and technology through the use of numerous social media platforms. Social media has different effects on young people's lives on both ends; the benefits of social media for today's youth include keeping them informed of global events and allowing them to network and stay in touch with friends. And other times these effects are bad for the user including suicide, anxiety, depression, physical, emotional, mental, and psychological problems, as well as a lack of confidence. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to access the nature and extent of use of social media and its impact on well-being and lifestyle of rural youth. The study was conducted in rural area of 2 cultural zones of Haryana state. Further, two villages namely Newal and Kunjpura from Karnal district and Khedar and Bhaini Badshahpur from Hisar district were taken randomly. A sample of 180 rural youth was selected randomly from rural areas of each district to make a total sample of 360 rural youths. Results of overall general well-being portray that majority of the respondents (>70%) showed high level of general well-being in aspects like cultural and religious wellbeing, active life-style, positivity, family relation and environmental adjustment. Results depict that majority of the respondents had medium level of life-style in aspects i.e. health conscious, family and academic oriented. The majority of respondents used WhatsApp and YouTube, which ranked first and second in the results for use of various social networking sites, respectively. Majority of respondents (>90%) had knowledge of social media. Results elucidated that socio-economic variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, land holding, annual income occupation were found significantly associated with adoption of social media. Results regarding impact of social media on health indicated that majority of the respondents considered ill effect of social media on health. Aspects of mental health such as distraction and stress got 1st and 2nd rank respectively in terms of effect of social media. With regards to impact of social media on physical health the findings elucidated that laziness and eye pain were placed 1st and 2nd rank respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Female headed households in rural Haryana-A sociological study(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Deepika; Subhash ChanderFemale-headed households have not received the same attention of researchers and academicians as the other categories of women. Such households are a separate category and cannot be equated with other households. Being head of the household does not necessary ease the women's position for the entire responsibility of maintaining the household falls on her. Widowhood is the main source of female household headship. The study was conducted in two zones of Haryana state namely Bagar and Nardak. A sample of 260 female -headed households was selected randomly from two districts namely Karnal and Hisar with following objectives 1. To find out the incidence of female-headed households in rural Haryana. 2. To assess the socio-economic characteristics of these households. 3. To study the livelihood strategies of female headed household. It was found that the main reasons becoming head of household was widowhood (42.69%) due to the death of their husbands. More than three-fourth of the female-headed households (78.78%) were facing the problem of low income. Mostly female-headed households were engaged in non-farm activities namely tailoring work, beauty parlour, kirana shops and dairy farming and shifting from one crop to other crop in both the district, respectively. Mostly female heads were managing all agricultural affairs single handedly but female heads were not aware of any agricultural developmental programme. Livelihood diversification to business/enterprise strategies were adopted by respondent was the most remunerative strategy followed by farming. To sum up our discussion, it is necessary to provide them need based trainings to generate income at household level. As female-headed households constituted substantial proportion of the rural households, development agencies and planners must recognize the existence of these households in project design and implementation.ThesisItem Open Access Sociological analysis of health status of elderly in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021) Praveen Kumar; Vinod KumariThe present study entitled “A Sociological analysis of health status of elderly in rural Haryana” was carried out with the objectives to study the nature and extent of health problems faced by rural elders and their perception regarding their physical and psychological health status. The study was carried out Haryana state in two district Hisar and Mahandragarh with a sample size of 360 respondents. A well framed questionnaire and interview scheduled was followed to conduct the study. More than half of the respondents belonged to young old (60-69) age group (56.7%).Two third of the respondents belongs to backward caste (66.9%) and 30.8 per cent of the respondents had marginal land holdings. Visual impairment was the main health problem followed by dental problem and hearing impairment .Among rural elders the problem of paralytic attack, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were minimum. The major psychological problems faced by the respondents were difficulty in learning, mood swings and irritation and reduced interest. It was observed that on an average 66.4 percent were having average psychological health statuses where as 30.8 percent were having good and 2.8 percent having poor psychological health status. The mental status of elderly showed that 64.2 per cent of elderly were always playing useful role in family followed by 94.7 per cent elderly faced sleep loss sometime and 85.6 percent of the elderly sometime could concentrate on work. As a regards to perception about physical health status, two-thirds of rural respondents (66.4%) perceived their physical health status as good and only 0.8 percent perceived their physical health status as poor. Physical health status was significantly associated with their gender, age, education level, occupation, family type, mass media exposure, lifestyle and leisure time activities. It can be concluded from the results that these factors contributed to the physical health status of elderly.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of self help groups(SHGs) on women empowerment in rural communities of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Sihag, Rijul; Vermani, SavitaThe empowerment of women is crucial for the economic development of a nation and building a base for social change. The year 2001 had been declared by the Government of India as “Women’s Empowerment Year” to focus on a vision where women are equal partners like men. The Government of India has provided SHGs to them so that proper attention should be given to their economic independence through self employment, entrepreneurial development and well being that ultimately leads to their empowerment. SHGs have emerged as a powerful instrument in order to alleviate poverty and for the empowerment of women in the rural economy. Therefore, the comprehensive study was conducted in Haryana with following specific objectives: (I) To examine the type of self help groups working in rural areas. (II) To study the factors affecting the functioning of self-help groups. (III) To assess the impact of self help groups on women empowerment and socio-economic status of family. (IV) To analyze the constraints involved in functioning of self help groups. The sample of 300 respondents was selected from four villages of two districts i.e. Fatehabad and Bhiwani through systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected through interview schedule and analysed with suitable statistical techniques. Respondents income generating activities (IGAs) in SHGs were dari making (38.7%), mat making (34.0%), tie-dye (33.3%) and wooden beads making (24.3%). On an average respondents were earning Rs. 1,688.0 per month by working in SHGs. Factors like respondent’s education and occupation, respondent’s husband education and occupation, extension contacts were found significantly associated with the income of the respondents from SHGs. Majority of respondents were using money earned from IGAs on household expenses (88.3%), for higher education of children (84.0%). Two-third of the respondents (63.7%) felt fully benefitted from joining SHG. Factors like age, size of family, respondent’s education and occupation, socio-economic status were found significantly associated with level of benefits of joining SHGs by respondents. Regarding the functioning of SHGs, overwhelming majority of respondents (92.0%) expressed proper inter-loaning in groups, regular meetings (89.7%), maintenance of records (67.7%), group consensus (55.3%) etc. Respondents felt high level of empowerment in terms of personal, social, economic than legal and political empowerment. Age of the respondents was found significantly associated with personal empowerment of respondents through SHGs. Factors like age, size of family, mass media exposure were found significantly associated with social empowerment of respondents through SHGs. Likewise, respondent’s education was found significantly associated with economic empowerment of respondents through SHGs. Majority of respondents (83.3%) felt increase in income, purchase of assets (69.3%), more savings (69.0%) after becoming members of SHGs. Respondents were also found facing personal, educational, organizational, marketing, economic and social constraints while working in SHGs.ThesisItem Open Access Problem of debt among farmers of rural Haryana – A Sociological Analysis(CCSHAU, 2012) Subhash Chander; Vermani, SavitaRural indebtedness has deep roots in the country. The incidence of indebtedness is the highest in Andhra Pradesh (82.00%) followed by Tamil Nadu (74.50%), Punjab (65.40%), Kerala (64.40%), Karnataka (61.60%) and Maharashtra (54.80%). The state of Haryana has reported indebtedness among the farmers to the extent of 50 to 53 per cent. The highest per farmer debt is reported from Punjab (Rs. 41576) followed by Kerala (Rs. 33907), Haryana (Rs. 26007). In the last two decades,the suicide rate in the country has notably increased from 7.9 to 11.5 per 0.10 million attributed to suicidescommitted particularly by the farmer community in the country. Therefore, comprehensive study was conducted in Haryana with following specific objectives: (I). To assess the nature, extent and sources of debt among rural farmers. (II). To know the causes of debtedness, utilization and payment pattern of debt of farmers alongwith factors affecting. (III). To examine the socioeconomic and cultural problems faced by farmers during pre and post debted situation and their repercussions on farming family. (IV).To analyse the implication of loan waiving scheme on socio-economic status of farming family. The sample of 400 debted respondents were selected from eight villages of two districts i.e. Karnal and Bhiwani through systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected through Interview Schedule and analysed with suitable statistical techniques. Respondents have taken loans for productive and unproductive purposes. On an average loan of Rs, 65542.00 was taken by respondents as an institutional loan. Kisan credit card was also used by 54.50% of the respondents in both regions. Borrowing of non institutional loan was found most common among the respondents, as 72.75% respondents have taken loan from non-institutional sources. Maximum number of respondents (39.20%) have taken loan fromtraders and agents and 30.20% from landlords. Rest 17.20% and 9.60% have taken loan from moneylenders and relatives. On an average loan of Rs. 105772.00 was taken by respondents from non-institutional sources. Maximum average amount of loan taken by respondents was higher from non institutional sources than institutional sources. Respondents were found repaying high amount of interest rate on the loan taken from non-institutional sources. Factors like age, occupation, size of land holdings, size of family, educational level and mass-media exposure were found significantly associated with the rate of interest charged for non-institutional loan. Repayment pattern of noninstitutional loan was found irregular. Multiple factors were found associated with the pattern of institutional and non-institutional amount of loan taken by respondents. Two-third of the respondents (66.75%) could not repay the loan due to repayment of previous loan followed by 56.25% due to crop failure, 53.50% due to high expenses on social ceremonies and 51.25% due to low income. Likewise, nearly half of the respondents (49.75%) were not repaying the loan due to large size of family, due to adverse climatic conditions, lack of irrigation facility (48.50%) and high cost of inputs of crop (47.50%) etc. Although respondents were found burdened because of outstanding loan in spite of that they perceived the loanas fruitful. More than half of the respondents (50.75%) utilized the loan for the purpose for which they have taken the loan and rest 49.25% diverted the loan for unproductive purposes. Respondents were also found facing manysocio-economic and psychological problems due to outstanding loan.ThesisItem Open Access Study on socio- economic factors affecting women participation in gram panchayat activities in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2013) Sunita Singh; Vinod KumariGender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is best bet for good governance. The present investigation was undertaken with the following objectives:- 1.To examine the socio-economic and political background of the elected women representatives in Gram Panchyat; 2. To assess their knowledge regarding the structural and functional aspects of Gram Panchayats; 3. To explore their role in decision and implementation at the gram Panchayat levels; 4. To suggest measures to promote women participation in Gram Panchayat Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is best bet for good governance. The present investigation was undertaken with the following objectives:- 1.To examine the socio-economic and political background of the elected women representatives in Gram Panchyat; 2. To assess their knowledge regarding the structural and functional aspects of Gram Panchayats; 3. To explore their role in decision and implementation at the gram Panchayat levels; 4. To suggest measures to promote women participation in Gram Panchayat activities. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state having highest and lowest female literacy status i.e. Panchkula and Mewat, respectively. Majority of respondents were of middle age, illiterate and primary school educated, married, belonging to backward class, joint family, farming, medium income group and low to medium mass media exposure. Majority of them had entered in PRI for the first time and overwhelming majority had attended training at village and block level. About 80% of them were interested to know more about PRI, their roles and responsibilities and preferred village as venue of training. Majority of respondents were having no knowledge about most of structural aspects of panchayat but were having full knowledge and involvement in social activities, educational, political, public work and civic amenities and health and sanitation. Literacy advanced area had clear and positive effect on knowledge level of elected women representatives about structural and functional activities. A significant association of caste with knowledge level of women leaders was observed. Younger age respondents were having high knowledge level about most of panchayat activities, structural aspects and decision making. Significant association of income and occupation with knowledge level of women members was observed. Mass media exposure of women representatives had significant impact on their knowledge level about various panchayat activities. Positive change in women participation in meetings and training programmes was observed followed by change in social customs as they were coming out of home boundaries to participate in panchayat activities. Some of the constraints faced by elected women representatives were delay in approval of plan and budget, lack of staff, too much control of bureaucrats, favoritism, lack of knowledge and non-cooperation by male members. It is suggested that efforts are required for real empowerment of rural women by bringing about an attitudinal change in both men and women activities. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state having highest and lowest female literacy status i.e. Panchkula and Mewat, respectively. Majority of respondents were of middle age, illiterate and primary school educated, married, belonging to backward class, joint family, farming, medium income group and low to medium mass media exposure. Majority of them had entered in PRI for the first time and overwhelming majority had attended training at village and block level. About 80% of them were interested to know more about PRI, their roles and responsibilities and preferred village as venue of training. Majority of respondents were having no knowledge about most of structural aspects of panchayat but were having full knowledge and involvement in social activities, educational, political, public work and civic amenities and health and sanitation. Literacy advanced area had clear and positive effect on knowledge level of elected women representatives about structural and functional activities. A significant association of caste with knowledge level of women leaders was observed. Younger age respondents were having high knowledge level about most of panchayat activities, structural aspects and decision making. Significant association of income and occupation with knowledge level of women members was observed. Mass media exposure of women representatives had significant impact on their knowledge level about various panchayat activities. Positive change in women participation in meetings and training programmes was observed followed by change in social customs as they were coming out of home boundaries to participate in panchayat activities. Some of the constraints faced by elected women representatives were delay in approval of plan and budget, lack of staff, too much control of bureaucrats, favoritism, lack of knowledge and non-cooperation by male members. It is suggested that efforts are required for real empowerment of rural women by bringing about an attitudinal change in both men and women.ThesisItem Open Access Consumer Behaviour Of Working And Non-Working Women In Haryana-A Comparative Study(College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities CCS Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2011) Verma,Kavita.; Punia,Deep.
