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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis(CCSHAU, 2022-09) Meenu Singh; Vinod kumariThe present study entitled “Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis.” was carried out with the objectives to identify the drudgery reducing technologies, their knowledge and adoption among farm women and as well as their impact on the life of farm women. The study was carried out Haryana state in two districts Hisar and Mahandragarh with a sample size of 320 respondents. A well framed questionnaire and interview scheduled was followed to conduct the study. The socio-economic profile of respondents indicated that an overwhelming majority was married, in age group of 31-40 years, having small landholdings (2.6-5.0 Acres) and medium level of socio-economic status. About half of the respondents in both the districts were having low level of mass media exposure. A total 10 drudgery reducing farm technologies and 10 drudgery reducing household technologies were identified for investigation. More number of respondents in Hisar district were having high overall knowledge (61.3%) about drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to Mahendergarh (25.0%). Regarding household technology, more than half of the respondents (52.5%) were having moderate overall knowledge about household technology. Women farmers in Hisar district were having high level of extent of adoption (64.4%) of drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to those in Mahendergarh (25.0%). Majority of respondents (91.2%) in both the districts revealed that the technologies helped them in reducing time and efforts. About two-third of the respondents from both districts also reported that the technologies reduced muscular fatigue and pain and provided comfortable working postures. Regarding overall impact of the drudgery reducing technologies, 37.8% women reported high impact level of farm technologies followed by moderate (34.7%) and low (27.5%) while in case household technologies, 37.5% women reported high impact followed by moderate (32.5%) and low (30.0%). It was found various socio-economic variables were having significant association with knowledge, adoption and impact of drudgery reducing technologies. Lack of freedom in decision making, technologies in purview of men and financial constraints were the factors that worked as a barrier in adoption of drudgery reducing technology. It was concluded that keeping in view the benefits of drudgery reducing technologies to farm women there is need to enhance their knowledge with training/intervention for more adoption of these technologies in future.ThesisItem Open Access Educational and occupational mobility among rural families of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Preeti; Vinod KumariSocial mobility is movemnet of people within a structure of social stratification or hierarchy. The face of society a thousand years ago was vastly different from what we are familiar with it today. Education is thought to be directly related to occupation, combining education and occupation allows us to determine whether education promotes occupational mobility or vice versa. The present study was conducted in the two districts of Haryana, Fatehabad from highly developed districts and Jhajjar from low-developed districts using the criteria of the agricultural composite index of development. (Ohlan, 2013) and the total sample size was 120 active heads of the family. Socio-personal and economic profiles of respondents revealed that more number of respondents were from the age group of 36-50 years (41.7%), general caste (41.7%), educated upto graduate and above (50.8%), engaged in services (49.2%) and married (83.4%). Analysis of intergenerational occupational and educational mobility revealed that respondents were found mobile from their parent‟s occupation or educational status and it was found significantly associated with age, caste, education, occupation and landholding. The inheritance among different pairs of generations showed the highest rate of inheritance of education (80 %), followed by rate of inheritance of occupation (60%) between respondents, fathers and their grandfather‟s education level. Area wise differentiation among various perceptions of educational and occupational mobility was observed in Fatehabad and Jhajjar. Regarding the level of perception of respondent‟s occupational and educational mobility most of the respondents had a moderate level of perception, it is concluded that the respondents from Jhajjar had higher educational and occupational statuses compared to respondents from Fatehabad. This observation could potentially be attributed to the proximity of Jhajjar to the national capital and the majority of respondents tried to raise their status through education and change in occupation through government services. Efforts are needed to diversify occupational prospects in agricultural through the establishment of cottage and small scale industries in order to provide greater job opportunites in agricultural and allied sectors.ThesisItem Open Access Socio-economic factors affecting inter-gender role of dairy farmers in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-04) Bidhan, Shikha; Tyagi, RashmiThe present study entitled "Socio-economic factors affecting inter – gender role of dairy farmers in Haryana" was conducted in Department of Sociology, CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2021 to 2022. The study was conducted in two districts namely, Karnal and Hisar with the objectives to study the nnature, extent and participation in decision making of inter gender in dairy farming; knowledge and awareness of inter gender in dairy farming; and factors affecting dairy farming along with the socio-economic impact. The survey was made with well structure questionnaire in 12 villages and 180 respondents were selected out of 360. The study revealed that majority of the respondents was of middle age group (36-50 years), belonged to general caste (41.11%). Most of the respondents were illiterate (37.22%), having joint family (55%) with a medium family size (5-7 members) having a land holding of 2.51 – 5 hectare. The annual income of the dairy farming respondents was medium (Rs. 1-3 lac). The socio-economic status, level of participation, level of knowledge, level of awareness of most of the dairy farming was medium. The major constraints related to dairy farming among the inter-gender community were non-availability of land for fodder production, lack of scientific knowledge, and low price milk. Independent factors like age, education, land holding, experience in dairy farming, mass media exposure, extension contact and socio-economic status were found significantly associated with participation in dairy farming, level of knowledge, level of awareness and extent of decision making. Seeing the above facts, it can be concluded that women are participating in dairy farming in Haryana a lot starting from the milk management, breeding, economic decisions and there is need to educate at the village level for awareness of dairy farming new technologies that should economically feasible, socially accepted and having low risk.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of social media on the lifestyle of rural youth(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Priyanka Rani; Tyagi, RashmiRural youth frequently engage in multifaceted activities and technology through the use of numerous social media platforms. Social media has different effects on young people's lives on both ends; the benefits of social media for today's youth include keeping them informed of global events and allowing them to network and stay in touch with friends. And other times these effects are bad for the user including suicide, anxiety, depression, physical, emotional, mental, and psychological problems, as well as a lack of confidence. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to access the nature and extent of use of social media and its impact on well-being and lifestyle of rural youth. The study was conducted in rural area of 2 cultural zones of Haryana state. Further, two villages namely Newal and Kunjpura from Karnal district and Khedar and Bhaini Badshahpur from Hisar district were taken randomly. A sample of 180 rural youth was selected randomly from rural areas of each district to make a total sample of 360 rural youths. Results of overall general well-being portray that majority of the respondents (>70%) showed high level of general well-being in aspects like cultural and religious wellbeing, active life-style, positivity, family relation and environmental adjustment. Results depict that majority of the respondents had medium level of life-style in aspects i.e. health conscious, family and academic oriented. The majority of respondents used WhatsApp and YouTube, which ranked first and second in the results for use of various social networking sites, respectively. Majority of respondents (>90%) had knowledge of social media. Results elucidated that socio-economic variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, land holding, annual income occupation were found significantly associated with adoption of social media. Results regarding impact of social media on health indicated that majority of the respondents considered ill effect of social media on health. Aspects of mental health such as distraction and stress got 1st and 2nd rank respectively in terms of effect of social media. With regards to impact of social media on physical health the findings elucidated that laziness and eye pain were placed 1st and 2nd rank respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Socio economic determinants of adopting organic and conventional farming in haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Yadav, Nisha; Kathpalia, JateshIndian agriculture contributes to about 17.4 % in gross domestic product (GDP) and support over 58 percent of nation‘s population for livelihood. The present study` Socio economic determinants of organic and conventional farming in Haryana was planned with objective on the basis of above consideration the present study was conducted with the following objectives: i) To know the nature and extent of organic and conventional farming ii ) To assess the knowledge and adoption level of organic and conventional farming iii) To find out the socio economic factors associated with level of knowledge and adoption . With regard to nature of adoption of organic farming , majority of the respondents i.e. 56.66% were growing main crop and rest were growing fruits and vegetables .It was found that most of the organic respondents 46.66% were using low land (up to 1.5 acre) for organic farming and 16.67% were using high land(above 3 acres ) for organic farming. The result revealed that knowledge level majority of the respondents ( 50%) had medium knowledge about organic farming where as 38.33 % of conventional farmers had low knowledge about the organic farming . It was found that majority of the farmers were doing organic farming since more than three years. Regarding Socio Economic impact, expenditure on social ceremonies, income and profit, urban contact and expenditure on children education were increased after adoption of organic farming. Lack of government subsidy, low yield, problem regarding labour , lack of purchasing agencies ,poor communication channel were the major constraints . There should be proper market purchasing agencies available for farmers and respondents should be encouraged to adopt organic farming by giving subsides.ThesisItem Open Access Organic farming among farmers of rural Haryana: A Sociological Analysis(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2021-09) Manisha; Bas KaurOrganic farming is more than just avoiding the use of agrochemicals in agriculture; it is a technique for establishing a healthy agro-ecosystem on a farm. Organic agriculture arose from the purposeful efforts of inspired people, who wanted to build the finest possible relationship between man and the land. The present research was conducted in Haryana state with following specific objectives: (1) To assess knowledge of farmers about organic farming. (2) To ascertain the nature and extent of adoption level of organic farming practices and (3) To study the association between selected socio-economic variables and adoption of organic farming. The sample of 120 respondents was selected from a cluster of villages from two districts, namely, Karnal and Sirsa through systemic random sampling techniques. Data were collected through interview Scheduled and analyzed with suitable descriptive statistical techniques. Analysis clearly revealed that majority of the respondents (58.30%) had medium level of knowledge and about one-third (31.70%) had high level of knowledge regarding organic farming. Near about half of respondents (45%) had medium level of adoption followed by 40.80 percent who had low level of adoption. Analysis indicated that age, education, caste, family type, size of land holding, subsidiary occupation and socio-economic status were found significantly associated with level of knowledge regarding organic farming. Results revealed that education, caste, family type, size of land holding, subsidiary occupation and mass media exposure were found to be significantly associated with level of adoption regarding organic farming. It was found that 70 percent were doing organic farming for more than three years. Low yield of crops, lack of purchasing agencies, no minimum support price, low premium prices for organic products, poor communication channels were the major constraints. There should be more purchasing agencies, minimum support price, proper market facilities available for farmers and farmers should be encouraged to adopt organic farming by giving subsidies.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Happy Seeder on Socio-economic status of farmers in Haryana(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-08) Pooja; Tyagi, RashmiWheat is major cropping system in North West India with cropping intensity of nearly 200 %. The huge quantity of paddy straw after the combine harvesting of paddy is to be managed in 15-20 days to plant next succeeding wheat crop. Keeping in mind this short window of time, farmers prefer to burn rice residue after combine harvesting of crop because residues interfere with tillage and seeding operations for the next crop. According to a report by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers welfare (2018), total paddy straw produced in Haryana and Punjab together is 28.10 million tonnes (2018 estimates) out of which 11.3 million tonnes was burnt in the fields.. Though a number of machines are available for straw management, Happy Seeder is one of the unique techniques which is used for sowing wheat in standing stubbles of crop residue. The study was conducted in two agro-climate zones of Haryana namely dry zone and wet zone. Two districts i.e. Kaithal and Fatehabad were randomly selected from both the zones. From each of two selected districts, one block was i.e. Pundri from Kaithal & Ratia from Fatehabad were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. After the selection of blocks, a cluster of villages were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. 30 adopters and 30 non-adopters respondents were selected from each block on the whole 120 respondents were selected for the purpose of the study. The findings of the study revealed that Knowledge level of adopters was more as compare to non -adopters. From the discussion and data it was also found out that the major reasons for adoption were that happy seeder is a environment friendly technology, reduce fuel and labor cost, improves soil health & increase yield than conventional method whereas shortage of information, more hiring charges, more complex technology, not beneficial and not affordable were the reasons for non-adoption. Regarding socio-economic impact expenditure on social ceremonies increased after adoption of Happy Seeder such as expenditure on marriage, expenditure on children education. To increase the rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology the extension activities should be increase among farmers.ThesisItem Unknown Female headed households in rural Haryana-A sociological study(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Deepika; Subhash ChanderFemale-headed households have not received the same attention of researchers and academicians as the other categories of women. Such households are a separate category and cannot be equated with other households. Being head of the household does not necessary ease the women's position for the entire responsibility of maintaining the household falls on her. Widowhood is the main source of female household headship. The study was conducted in two zones of Haryana state namely Bagar and Nardak. A sample of 260 female -headed households was selected randomly from two districts namely Karnal and Hisar with following objectives 1. To find out the incidence of female-headed households in rural Haryana. 2. To assess the socio-economic characteristics of these households. 3. To study the livelihood strategies of female headed household. It was found that the main reasons becoming head of household was widowhood (42.69%) due to the death of their husbands. More than three-fourth of the female-headed households (78.78%) were facing the problem of low income. Mostly female-headed households were engaged in non-farm activities namely tailoring work, beauty parlour, kirana shops and dairy farming and shifting from one crop to other crop in both the district, respectively. Mostly female heads were managing all agricultural affairs single handedly but female heads were not aware of any agricultural developmental programme. Livelihood diversification to business/enterprise strategies were adopted by respondent was the most remunerative strategy followed by farming. To sum up our discussion, it is necessary to provide them need based trainings to generate income at household level. As female-headed households constituted substantial proportion of the rural households, development agencies and planners must recognize the existence of these households in project design and implementation.ThesisItem Open Access Sociological study of women representatives of gram panchayats(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-05) Malik, Saleem; Kathpalia, JateshThe study was conducted in Haryana state. Hisar district and Palwal district were selected from the Bhagar and Mewat cultural zone respectively. Two blocks from each district were selected randomly. From each block villages were also selected randomly. From Hisar-1 block Gangwa, Kharar, Alipur and Shikarpur and from Hansi-1 block Garhi, Ramayan, and Kharkara villages were randomly selected. From Palwal district Hodal and Hathin two blocks were randomly selected. From Hodal block Sondh, Saveli and Khirbi baptoli and from Hathin block Malai, Tonka, Lakhnaka, Dhirnki and Mandkola villages were randomly selected. Totally 80 respondents were selected from the both districts. 40 respondents were selected from each district. Panchayati Raj is not a new phenomenon in the country. Its illustration in history goes back to more than a 1000 years. It has its roots in Ancient Indian Institutions when the villages were little republics governed by their Panchayats. Majority of respondents (55%) had participation in gram panchayat activities. Knowledge level of respondents was medium and high. Majority of the respondents (56.25%) had medium attitude followed by low (23.75%) and high attitude (20%). More than one fourth (27.50%) of the respondents were engaged in farming followed by one fifth (20.00%) of the respondents were engaged in business and farm labour respectively. More than two fifth (43.75%) of the respondents had knowledge how many times meeting of „Gram Panchayat‟ held in a year. More than half (56.25%) respondents had correct knowledge that 33 per cent seats are reserved for women representatives. It has been strongly felt that an effective Panchayati Raj System can bring rapid and integrated development through people's participation. However, the Panchayats face a number of problems in performing their roles.The female headed panchayats had better performance in terms of holding panchayat &gram sabha meetings; passing resolutions; beneficiary selection; planning & budget formulation; sources of income generation; establishment of local institutions; implementation of schemes; accountability &transparency.
