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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Processing and Food Engineering × End date: 2012 × Start date: 2012 × Thesis Type: M.Tech ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mass transfer kinetics of aloe vera during osmo-convective dehydration
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Rushikesh; Garg, M. K.
    A study was undertaken on osmotic-convective and convective drying of aloe vera cubes to investigate mass transport process. Fresh aloe vera leaves were washed and cut into 15 × 15 × 15 mm cubes. These cubes were osmotically dehydrated in different concentration (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºBrix) and process temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC) with syrup to fruit ratio (3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 7:1) for 4 h duration of osmosis. Central composite rotatable design was used to analyse osmotic dehydration process. The osmosed and unosmosed aloe vera cubes were dried in heat pump dryer at 30, 40, 50 ºC and tray dryer at 50, 60, 70 ºC drying air temperatures. The effect of process parameters during osmotic dehydration such as duration of osmosis, sugar concentration and process temperature of syrup on mass reduction, water loss and sugar gain were studied. It was found that the mass reduction and water loss increased with increase of sugar concentration and process temperature while solid gain decreased with increase in sugar concentration and process temperature. It was found that osmosis as a pretreatment prior to convective air drying was able to decrease drying time. Drying curves were affected by the drying air temperature and osmotic dehydration as a pretreatment. Increase in the air temperature caused a decreased in the drying time. It was observed that drying rate increased with increase in drying temperature from 30°C (HPD) to 70°C (tray) and constant rate drying period was absent throughout the drying process of aloe vera cubes dried under all drying air temperatures. The moisture diffusivity varied in the range of 1.37E-08 to 4.56E-08 m²/s and 9.11E-09 to 5.18E-08 m²/s during convective drying of unosmosed and osmosed aloe vera samples depending on the drying air temperature. The values of rehydration ratio of conventionally hot air dried sample were higher than the osmo-convective dried aloe vera samples. The osmo-convective dehydrated samples were found more acceptable than convective dried ones. Air temperature and pretreatment as osmotic dehydration had a significant effect on sensory evalution.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer for round the year use
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Arjoo; Yadvika
    A study was conducted to evaluate performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer for round the year use. In the present study, performance of solar tunnel dryer was evaluated at no load and at full load conditions. Full loading was done with garlic, chilli, fenugreek and aonla candy according to their seasonal availabilit y in Hisar. At no load performance was evaluated during three seasonsi.e summer, winter and autumn. At full load conditions moisture content versus time and drying rate versus moisture content relationships were determined. The drier reduces the moisture content of garlic from 63% to 70% (w.b.) to the required moisture level of 9% to 10 % (w.b.) in 8 t o 10 days and average thermal efficiency of drier was estimated to be 14.53%. Treatments were given to garlic and their effect on drying days were studied and results show that there were no significant difference in time of drying. During drying of chilli it was found that the chilli can be dried from an initial moisture content of 77% to 79% (w.b.) to the final moisture level of 7% (w.b.) in 6 to 7 days and average thermal efficiency was estimated to be 14.33%. In case of drying of fenugreek, during the month of January it was found that the fenugreek can be dried from an initial moisture content of 86% (w.b.) to 7.2% ( w.b.) in 5 days and average thermal efficiency of drier was estimated to be 17.63%. Similarly during drying of aonla candy, it was found that the aonla candy can be dried from aninitial moisture content of 44% (w.b.) to the required moisture level of 16% (w.b.) in 4 d ays and average thermal efficiency of drier was estimated to be 8.89%.Products dried were hygienic and their organolaptic evaluation showed that they were of good quality and highly acceptable. Economic evaluation was done and the money pay back period of STD was calculated as 1 yr 4 months.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of a desiccant integrated solar dryer
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Nitesh; Yadav, Y.K.
    A desiccant integrated solar dryer was developed and its performance was studied under the climatic conditions of Hisar, India. The system consisted of flat plate solar collector, drying chamber and desiccant unit. Drying with solar heated air is satisfactory during sunshine hours and to continue this process through the night-time desiccant was integrated within the drying system. The desiccant was developed from 60% bentonite, 20% vermiculite, 10% CaCl2 and 10% cement. The regeneration studies of developed desiccant were carried out for moisture adsorption at 30°C and 96% RH for 144 h and moisture desorption at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C for 8 h. The maximum adsorption capacity of desiccant was 35.12% (db) and it was efficiently regenerated by solar energy. The dryer was operated in two modes sunshine hours and off-sunshine hours. During sunshine hours the hot air from flat plate solar collector was forced into the drying chamber and simultaneously the desiccant unit received solar radiations directly for regeneration. In off-sunshine hours, the dryer was operated by circulating the air inside the drying chamber through the desiccant bed by blower fan in a closed loop. Performance of desiccant integrated solar dryer was observed at three different air mass flow rates of 0.010 kg/s, 0.015 kg/s and 0.020 kg/s for day and night operations. In desiccant integrated solar dryer 10 kg of green peas were dried from initial moisture content of 75% (wb) to 5%(wb) in 18 h at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s whereas in solar dryer without desiccant unit it took 30 cumulative hours as the drying continued for 2 sunshine days. The average collector thermal efficiency and dryer thermal efficiency were 62.18% and 52.21%, respectively at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. The pickup efficiency of dryer varied from 18.17% to 68.25% and specific moisture extraction rate of 1.4 kg/kWh at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. In the drying experiments it was observed that 68% of moisture was removed by hot air using solar energy and remaining by the desiccant material at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. The green peas dried in desiccant integrated solar dryer had higher overall acceptability and rehydration ratio as compared to drying in solar dryer without desiccant unit.