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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2020 - 202321
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Subject: Plant Physiology × Start date: 2020 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 21
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological and biochemical evaluation of rice genotypes under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Goyal, Alisha; Sharma, P. C.
    A total of 44 rice genotypes were evaluated in controlled and field conditions with three replications over two seasons (2020 and 2021) at ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal to study the physiological and biochemical attributes of rice genotypes under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions for which three experiments were performed. In the 1st exp. based on germination (%), shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling vigor index, alpha amylase activity and sucrose synthase activity, genotypes CSR 53, PS5, IR-4630-CSR11-175 and CSR 2748-4441-195 were the best performer under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions respectively. In the 2nd exp., best performing genotypes were CSR MAGIC-167, CSR 49 and CRS 56 based on gas exchange attributes, NDVI, CT, CAT, POX, APX and yield traits i.e. 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, total no. of tillers per plant, panicle length, biomass and grain yield under direct seeded condition. Overall, on the basis of physiological, biochemical and yield traits, two genotypes were selected for proteomic experiment in which total no. of proteins were found more in tolerant genotype CSR MAGIC-167 (1050, 1152) as compared to sensitive genotype CSR 27SM-132 (814, 794) under both DSR and non-DSR conditions respectively. Total 195 proteins were differentially expressed under DSR condition out of which 90 proteins were up-regulated and 119 proteins were down-regulated whereas in non-DSR condition, 288 proteins were differentially expressed out of which 105 proteins were up-regulated and 169 proteins were down-regulated. The KEGG pathway of DEPs revealed that a number of pathways are involved in DSR condition but none in non-DSR condition viz., methane metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, RNA degradation, fatty acid degradation, alpha- linolenic acid metabolism etc. Further, these lines need to be evaluated in larger and multilocation trails of AICRP under DSR conditions, so that stable and best performing lines could be released as commercial varieties for direct seeded conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of Indian mustard using hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Neelam Rani; Neeraj Kumar
    The present investigation entitled ―Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of indian mustard usinghydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition‖ was conducted at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. The crop was grown in the Research Farm of Oilseeds Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during two successive Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 which is situated at a latitude of 29° 10‘N and longitude 75° 46' E and altitude 215.2 m above main water level and falls within the semitropical region of Western zone of India. A field experiment was conducted to judge the effective dose of hydrogel , gond katira and salicylic acid for increasing the physiological processes, productivity, quality, and water-use efficiency of Indian mustard in rainfed conditions. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations. Among these treatments, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA (200ppm) at the flowering and siliqua formation stage had a positive impact on the physiological processes of the crop under rainfed conditions. The data was recorded for growth, physiological, biochemical and yield parameters, which had a positive impact on the application of hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed conditions. The growth and phenology of Indian mustard are negatively affected by rainfed conditions. By applying hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha and SA at 200ppm during the flowering and siliqua formation stage, there was a significant increase of 12.8% in plant height, 5.6% in days to 50% flowering, and 9.3% in days to physiological maturity. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index were decreased by 51.4%, 88.1%, 86%, 27.4%, 25.7%, 28.3%, 35.6%, 39.6%, and 49.3%, respectively. In contrast, the anthocyanin index and flavonol index were increased by 78.7% and 33.7%, respectively, when compared to irrigated conditions. However, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA(200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage resulted in a significant improvement in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index by 9.4%, 10%, 9.3%, 24.7%, 25.4%, 22%, 28.6%, 37%, 46.8%, respectively, with a decrease in anthocyanin index and flavonol index by 69.6% and 31%, respectively, when compared to other corresponding treatments. These results were supported by the biochemical results viz. H2O2, MDA, RSI, TSS, proline, glycine betaine, reduced ascorbate, and reduced glutathione content, antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, and APX that decreased in treated plants as compared to their respective control, Meanwhile, there was an improvement in oxidized ascorbate and oxidized glutathione contents after applying hydrogel and salicylic acid which may be the contributing factors for yield increment. Yield attributes includethe number of primary and secondary branches, main shoot length, the number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, stover yield and harvest index decreases due to unavailability of water in the soil under normal conditions.However, the application of hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha combined with SA (200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage led to a significant increase in yield attributes by 43%, 23.7%, 23.5%, 82.7%, 32.2%, 15.2%, 15.4%, 14.2%, 13.3%, and 2.3% respectively, when compared to control treatment. When hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage over rainfed, higher soil moisture levels are maintained at all soil depths, including 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm. From our results, it is concluded that hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage results in higher yields, with better physiological efficiencies as this concentration maintains the best plant water relations and source to sink strength which is self-explanatory in our results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological characterization of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes under salinity
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Manisha; Anita kumari
    The present investigation entitled “Physiological characterization of linseed (Linum usistatissimum L.) genotypes under salinity stress” was investigated in the laboratory of Deptt. Of Botany and Plant Physiology. Salinity is one of the most important factors that restricts plant growth in many regions of the world. In order to assess how salt stress effects germination, growth and some physiological characteristics of flax, two separate experiments were carried out in the laboratory. The first experiment included fifty genotypes and three salinity levels (control, 8dS/m and 10dS/m). The results showed that with increasing salinity, germination percentage, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight and seedling vigour index decreased as compared to control. Similarly, the relative water content of shoot and root decreased with increasing salinity level from control to 10dS/m. At 10dS/m salinity level osmotic potential (ψs) of shoot and root also declined. Total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index and total carotenoid content of shoot also decreased from control to 10dS/m salinity level. The level of osmolyte i.e. proline increased with increasing salinity level. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was noticed in both shoot and root of linseed genotypes. Enzymatic activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR) increased under salinity (10 dS m-1) stress. Despite, the increase in the activity of these enzymes ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione content decreased at 10dS/m respective to their control. The above observations suggest that salinity had a negative effect on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the growth of plants. Overall it is concluded that accession no. IC0268344, IC0499192 performed better under salinity stress so, these accessions may be considered as relatively tolerant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ameliorating effect of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid on Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Monika; Sarita Devi
    The present study entitled “Ameliorating effect of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid on Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress.” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2022. Before sowing the pots were saturated to maintain desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1). On 16th August 2022, Sorghum bicolor L. seeds were sown in pots under controlled condition. After 50 days from sowing (DAS), exogenous application of mepiquat chloride (200 and 300 ppm) and gibberellic acid (200 and 400 ppm) under stressed and non-stressed plants of CSV 32F and CSV 35F genotypes. Sampling was done at 30 and 60 DAS. Increasing levels of salt stress led to a decrease in the growth parameters, while the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid resulted in enhanced plant growth. After the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid, the physiological characteristics were improved, counteracting the negative effects of salt stress. Parameters such as gaseous exchange, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield exhibited a gradual decline from the control to 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in both genotypes. However, a higher percentage decrease was observed at the 8 dS m-1 salt stress level in CSV 35F over the respective control. For instance, there was a 20.29% decrease in RWC, a 42.36% decrease in assimilation rate, a 69.21% decrease in transpiration rate and a 79.35% decrease in stomatal conductance. The application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid improving gas exchange and chlorophyll index, regardless of salt stress in both sorghum genotypes. On the other hand, the negative effects of salt stress, such as electrolyte leakage and ash content, increased with higher salt levels. However, the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid partially mitigated these adverse effects of salt stress. Specific activity of enzymes increases in salt stress as well as after application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid. Salt stress enhanced the Na+ content but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content. Conversely, after applying mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid, there was a reversal of this trend. Conclusively, sorghum genotype CSV 32F exhibited slightly better performance under salt stress and showed a more favorable response in mitigating salt stress when mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid was applied exogenously.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-Physiological responses of Brassica juncea genotypes under terminal heat stress
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Paidi Raja Sekhar; Goyal, Vinod
    Indian mustard, also known as Brassica juncea, is a significant oilseed crop that is planted widely in Europe, Africa, North America and Asia. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of terminal heat stress on morpho-physiological responses and to find a correlation between physiological, yield and yield attributes in 102 Indian mustard genotypes. The crop was sown in the Field Crop Research Area of Oilseeds section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar on 15th October (timely sown) and 16th November (late sown), 2022 with standard package and practice. Observations were recorded at flowering and grain filling stages for phenological, physiological (includes leaf gas exchange traits, NBI, CHI, NDVI, CT and CTD) and biochemical parameters and yield and yield attributes in both timely and late sown conditions. Results revealed that terminal heat stress has a significantly negative impact on photosynthetic rate, NBI, CHI and yield with its attributes as well. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, NBI, CHI and NDVI show decreased values under terminal heat stress conditions. Yield parameters like primary branches, secondary branches, biological yield, seed yield, the number of siliquae on the main shoot, the number of seeds per siliquae, 1000 seed weight and oil content were reduced under terminal heat stress conditions. Anthocyanin content, flavonoid content and CT were found higher in late sown due to the presence of terminal heat stress conditions. A highly significant positive correlation between seed yield, physiological traits and yield attributes was observed viz., NBI, CHI, CTD and photosynthetic rate while canopy temperature, flavonoids and anthocyanin showed a negative correlation under both conditions. The mean square for blocks was significant for parameters like NBI, CHI, CT, CTD, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under timely sown conditions whereas the mean square for treatments was found significant for NBI, CTD, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under late sown condition. Terminal heat stress at flowering and post-flowering accelerates maturity by shorting the vegetative and reproductive stages, resulting in drastically lower CHI, CTD, photosynthetic rate and NBI and ultimately lowering the yield of the crop. RC-1312, 1205 and 1133 performed better under timely sown conditions while RC-1312, 1099 and 1045 performed better under late sown conditions in terms of NBI, CHI, photosynthetic rate and seed yield and yield attributes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07-19) Pankaj; Sarita Devi
    The present study entitled “Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under screen house conditions on 16th July 2021. Ortho-silicic acid (1.5 and 2.5 ppm) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (CSV33MF and SSG 59-3). Sampling was done at 40 DAS and at the time of harvest. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of salt stress, whereas foliar application of ortho-silicic acid enhanced the growth of plants. Similarly, physiological parameters of leaf were enhanced after the application of ortho-silicic acid which were negatively affected by salt stress. Plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend from control to 8 dS m-1 of salt level in both genotypes, but more percent decrease was observed at 8 dS m- 1 of salt stress like in ψw (71.83%), ψs (55.29), photosynthetic rate (46.45%), transpiration rate (93.22%) and stomatal conductance (84.21%) in SSG 59-3, over their respective control. The values ranged from 8.89 to 6.61, 25.9 to 22.4 and 52.6 to 51.5 in protein, fiber and in- vitro dry matter digestibility, respectively, at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in CSV33MF at 40 DAS. Application of OSA helped in the maintenance of plant water status, enhanced the exchange of gases and chlorophyll index irrespective of salt stress in both genotypes. Reversibly, electrolyte leakage and ash content enhanced with every increment of salt stress but application of OSA ameliorated the adverse effect of salt stress to some extent. Increment in Na+ but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was noted under salt stress. While, the reverse trend was noticed after application of OSA. In nut shell, sorghum genotypes CSV33MF and SSG 59-3 performed better under salt stress and showed better response in alleviating salt stress with foliar application of 2.5 ppm ortho-silicic acid.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake in wheat grown under timely, late and very late sown conditions
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Rawal, Bharti; Anita Kumari
    The present investigation was conducted with six wheat genotypes viz. WH147, WH711, WH 1105, WH 1184 WH1021 and HD2967 grown to study the photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake and other physiological traits under timely (TS), late (LS) and very late (VLS) conditions on six wheat genotypes, during rabi season of 2021-22 at screen house, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar. Data were recorded for various morphological traits including number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), plant biomass (g), heat susceptibility index. The physiological parameters include canopy temperature, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, anothocynin content, NPK content were studied. Reduction in physiological parameters, growth and yield components was observed in all genotypes under LS and VLS in all genotypes. Photosynthetic rate, maximum in WH1021 followed by HD2967 at 7 and 14 DAA under TS, LS and VLS conditions. Wheat variety HD2967 showed maximum N, P, K content followed by WH1021 under TS, LS and VLS conditions. Plant biomass was maximum in HD2967 followed by WH711 and WH1021. However grain yield (g/plant) and 1000 grain weight was reported maximum in HD2967 followed by WH1021, WH1184, WH1105, WH711 and WH147. Similar results were observed for 1000 grain weight under LS and VLS conditions. Wheat genotype HD2967 followed WH1021 can be considered as heat tolerant on the basis of less reduction in growth, physiological traits, yield and its attributes under LS and VLS as compared to TS conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethylene-induced evaluation of heat tolerance and stay-green trait in bread wheat
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-10) Soni, Aarti; Munjal, Renu
    The present study entitled ―Ethylene-induced evaluation of heat tolerance and stay-green trait in bread wheat‖ was conducted in three experiments. First experiment was conducted in the field of the wheat research area of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding with 30 wheat genotypes during rabi 2018-19 under late and very late environments. Second experiment was carried out with seedling of three genotypes (BWL 5391, HTW 64 and WH 1124) selected out of 30 genotypes based on their performance in fields along with source and inhibitor of ethylene, in the growth chamber at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019-20. Seedlings were studied for biochemical traits, including ROS, H2O2, protease, MDA, MTS, FRSA, chlorophyll, and proline. A third experiment was carried out applying AVG and ethrel with the same three genotypes at the net house of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019–20 under late and very late environments. SG characteristics such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), Leaf Senescence Rate (LSR), Chlorophyll Fluorescence and yield & its attributes were recorded in the field as well as in the nethouse. From the field experiment, genotypes were characterized into three categories viz slow senescing, intermediate slow senescing and fast senescing based on their rate of senescence. The results indicate that the slow senescing genotype had a significantly higher yield as compared to the fast-senescing genotype. Among 30 genotypes, BWL 5391, BWL 5179, BWL5233, BWL 5388 and BWL 5422 were the SG genotypes and also had higher grain yield. AVG treatment at the seedling stage was significantly more effective for providing tolerance to heat stress as indicated by high proline, FRSA, low MDA and ROS. Foliar spray of 2ppm AVG at 50% heading stage was found effective for increasing grain yield in WH 1124 under LS environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Silicon induced amelioration of salinity stress through physiological and biochemical alterations in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wilczek) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Sinky; Sharma, Kamal Dutt
    The present investigation was conducted under two experiments one on mungbean (MH 318) and other on wheat (WH 1223) crop grown in earthen pots under screen-house conditions of Botany and Plant Physiology department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study ef fect of silicon application on plant growth characterestics, gas exchange attributes, biochemical changes, yield and its attributes and nutrient uptake under control and salinity stress conditions. The experiment was laid out in CRD consisting of three chloride dominated salinity levels i.e., 0 dS/m, 4dS/m and 6dS/m stress in mungbean and 0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m in wheat. Silicon was applied in the form of sodium meta-silicate (Na2SiO3.5H20) through soil application before sowing in mungbean (50 ppm) and in wheat (80 ppm) and foliar application of 50, 100 ppm in mungbean and 100, 150 ppm in wheat. Salinity stress decreased the growth of mungbean and wheat by affecting morphophysiological and biochemical traits a nd nutrient uptake of the crop. The plant water relation parameters such as leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, RWC and gas exchange attributes were negatively affected under salinity stress condition. Chlorophyll stability index and membrane stability index decreased with increasing salinity stress. However, silicon application increased the growth parameters under control as well as under salinity stress condition in both the crops. A significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, POX and total antioxidant activity occur under salinity stress and silicon treatments further enhanced their level indicating the role of silicon in enhancing antioxidant capacity of the crop. Silicon application enhanced the K, Fe, Zn and Si content in different plant parts and reduced the uptake of Na, Cl. Silicon application improved the yield and its attributes by maintaining plants water status and various physiological and biochemical processes and nutrient uptake. Foliar application of 100ppm silicon was found more effective in mungbean and 150ppm foliar application in wheat compared to other treatments. Grain/seed yield showed significant positive correlation with different physio–biochemical and yield components such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence but SOD, CAT and POX showed negative correlation with yield and other yield attributes.