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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2014 - 2019182020 - 202311
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Subject: Plant Physiology × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 29
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological characterization of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes under salinity
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Manisha; Anita kumari
    The present investigation entitled “Physiological characterization of linseed (Linum usistatissimum L.) genotypes under salinity stress” was investigated in the laboratory of Deptt. Of Botany and Plant Physiology. Salinity is one of the most important factors that restricts plant growth in many regions of the world. In order to assess how salt stress effects germination, growth and some physiological characteristics of flax, two separate experiments were carried out in the laboratory. The first experiment included fifty genotypes and three salinity levels (control, 8dS/m and 10dS/m). The results showed that with increasing salinity, germination percentage, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight and seedling vigour index decreased as compared to control. Similarly, the relative water content of shoot and root decreased with increasing salinity level from control to 10dS/m. At 10dS/m salinity level osmotic potential (ψs) of shoot and root also declined. Total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index and total carotenoid content of shoot also decreased from control to 10dS/m salinity level. The level of osmolyte i.e. proline increased with increasing salinity level. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was noticed in both shoot and root of linseed genotypes. Enzymatic activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR) increased under salinity (10 dS m-1) stress. Despite, the increase in the activity of these enzymes ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione content decreased at 10dS/m respective to their control. The above observations suggest that salinity had a negative effect on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the growth of plants. Overall it is concluded that accession no. IC0268344, IC0499192 performed better under salinity stress so, these accessions may be considered as relatively tolerant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ameliorating effect of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid on Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Monika; Sarita Devi
    The present study entitled “Ameliorating effect of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid on Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress.” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2022. Before sowing the pots were saturated to maintain desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1). On 16th August 2022, Sorghum bicolor L. seeds were sown in pots under controlled condition. After 50 days from sowing (DAS), exogenous application of mepiquat chloride (200 and 300 ppm) and gibberellic acid (200 and 400 ppm) under stressed and non-stressed plants of CSV 32F and CSV 35F genotypes. Sampling was done at 30 and 60 DAS. Increasing levels of salt stress led to a decrease in the growth parameters, while the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid resulted in enhanced plant growth. After the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid, the physiological characteristics were improved, counteracting the negative effects of salt stress. Parameters such as gaseous exchange, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield exhibited a gradual decline from the control to 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in both genotypes. However, a higher percentage decrease was observed at the 8 dS m-1 salt stress level in CSV 35F over the respective control. For instance, there was a 20.29% decrease in RWC, a 42.36% decrease in assimilation rate, a 69.21% decrease in transpiration rate and a 79.35% decrease in stomatal conductance. The application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid improving gas exchange and chlorophyll index, regardless of salt stress in both sorghum genotypes. On the other hand, the negative effects of salt stress, such as electrolyte leakage and ash content, increased with higher salt levels. However, the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid partially mitigated these adverse effects of salt stress. Specific activity of enzymes increases in salt stress as well as after application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid. Salt stress enhanced the Na+ content but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content. Conversely, after applying mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid, there was a reversal of this trend. Conclusively, sorghum genotype CSV 32F exhibited slightly better performance under salt stress and showed a more favorable response in mitigating salt stress when mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid was applied exogenously.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-Physiological responses of Brassica juncea genotypes under terminal heat stress
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Paidi Raja Sekhar; Goyal, Vinod
    Indian mustard, also known as Brassica juncea, is a significant oilseed crop that is planted widely in Europe, Africa, North America and Asia. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of terminal heat stress on morpho-physiological responses and to find a correlation between physiological, yield and yield attributes in 102 Indian mustard genotypes. The crop was sown in the Field Crop Research Area of Oilseeds section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar on 15th October (timely sown) and 16th November (late sown), 2022 with standard package and practice. Observations were recorded at flowering and grain filling stages for phenological, physiological (includes leaf gas exchange traits, NBI, CHI, NDVI, CT and CTD) and biochemical parameters and yield and yield attributes in both timely and late sown conditions. Results revealed that terminal heat stress has a significantly negative impact on photosynthetic rate, NBI, CHI and yield with its attributes as well. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, NBI, CHI and NDVI show decreased values under terminal heat stress conditions. Yield parameters like primary branches, secondary branches, biological yield, seed yield, the number of siliquae on the main shoot, the number of seeds per siliquae, 1000 seed weight and oil content were reduced under terminal heat stress conditions. Anthocyanin content, flavonoid content and CT were found higher in late sown due to the presence of terminal heat stress conditions. A highly significant positive correlation between seed yield, physiological traits and yield attributes was observed viz., NBI, CHI, CTD and photosynthetic rate while canopy temperature, flavonoids and anthocyanin showed a negative correlation under both conditions. The mean square for blocks was significant for parameters like NBI, CHI, CT, CTD, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under timely sown conditions whereas the mean square for treatments was found significant for NBI, CTD, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under late sown condition. Terminal heat stress at flowering and post-flowering accelerates maturity by shorting the vegetative and reproductive stages, resulting in drastically lower CHI, CTD, photosynthetic rate and NBI and ultimately lowering the yield of the crop. RC-1312, 1205 and 1133 performed better under timely sown conditions while RC-1312, 1099 and 1045 performed better under late sown conditions in terms of NBI, CHI, photosynthetic rate and seed yield and yield attributes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07-19) Pankaj; Sarita Devi
    The present study entitled “Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under screen house conditions on 16th July 2021. Ortho-silicic acid (1.5 and 2.5 ppm) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (CSV33MF and SSG 59-3). Sampling was done at 40 DAS and at the time of harvest. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of salt stress, whereas foliar application of ortho-silicic acid enhanced the growth of plants. Similarly, physiological parameters of leaf were enhanced after the application of ortho-silicic acid which were negatively affected by salt stress. Plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend from control to 8 dS m-1 of salt level in both genotypes, but more percent decrease was observed at 8 dS m- 1 of salt stress like in ψw (71.83%), ψs (55.29), photosynthetic rate (46.45%), transpiration rate (93.22%) and stomatal conductance (84.21%) in SSG 59-3, over their respective control. The values ranged from 8.89 to 6.61, 25.9 to 22.4 and 52.6 to 51.5 in protein, fiber and in- vitro dry matter digestibility, respectively, at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in CSV33MF at 40 DAS. Application of OSA helped in the maintenance of plant water status, enhanced the exchange of gases and chlorophyll index irrespective of salt stress in both genotypes. Reversibly, electrolyte leakage and ash content enhanced with every increment of salt stress but application of OSA ameliorated the adverse effect of salt stress to some extent. Increment in Na+ but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was noted under salt stress. While, the reverse trend was noticed after application of OSA. In nut shell, sorghum genotypes CSV33MF and SSG 59-3 performed better under salt stress and showed better response in alleviating salt stress with foliar application of 2.5 ppm ortho-silicic acid.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake in wheat grown under timely, late and very late sown conditions
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Rawal, Bharti; Anita Kumari
    The present investigation was conducted with six wheat genotypes viz. WH147, WH711, WH 1105, WH 1184 WH1021 and HD2967 grown to study the photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake and other physiological traits under timely (TS), late (LS) and very late (VLS) conditions on six wheat genotypes, during rabi season of 2021-22 at screen house, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar. Data were recorded for various morphological traits including number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), plant biomass (g), heat susceptibility index. The physiological parameters include canopy temperature, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, anothocynin content, NPK content were studied. Reduction in physiological parameters, growth and yield components was observed in all genotypes under LS and VLS in all genotypes. Photosynthetic rate, maximum in WH1021 followed by HD2967 at 7 and 14 DAA under TS, LS and VLS conditions. Wheat variety HD2967 showed maximum N, P, K content followed by WH1021 under TS, LS and VLS conditions. Plant biomass was maximum in HD2967 followed by WH711 and WH1021. However grain yield (g/plant) and 1000 grain weight was reported maximum in HD2967 followed by WH1021, WH1184, WH1105, WH711 and WH147. Similar results were observed for 1000 grain weight under LS and VLS conditions. Wheat genotype HD2967 followed WH1021 can be considered as heat tolerant on the basis of less reduction in growth, physiological traits, yield and its attributes under LS and VLS as compared to TS conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of wheat germplasm for photosynthetic pigments in response to fertilizer application grown under late sown condition
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) P. S. Kiran; Goyal, Vinod
    Present investigation was conducted on 228 wheat germplasm lines with unknown nutrient use efficiency obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico through Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, COA, Hisar for evaluation and photosynthetic characterization under late sown conditions and to find correlation between physiological traits with grain yield with two set of treatments viz. without fertilizer (-F) and with recommended dose of fertilizer (+F) (NPK at 100:40:30 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted at the Research area of Wheat and Barley Section of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2020-21. Observations were taken at different stages of growth for physiological studies while yield characteristics were recorded at maturity. The plants were raised in field under fertilization and without fertilization condition under randomized block design. Under fertilized condition, all germplasm lines showed high vegetation index, Nitrogen balanced index (NBI), Chlorophyll index, Osmotic potential and Grain growth rate. Other than these parameters yield parameters like biomass, grain yield, no. of productive tillers, no. of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, spike length, 1000-grain weight also observed high under fertilized condition. Anthocyanins and flavonoids were found to be high in non-fertilized condition which indicated the presence of stress in the crop. It was found that the physiological parameters were positively correlated with fertilized application. The yield parameters and some physiological parameters showed positive correlation with fertilizer (+F) like NDVI, NBI, and GGR etc. while others were negatively correlated like anthocyanins, flavonoids, osmotic potential, canopy temperature (CT) etc. Germplasm lines 21, 44, 68, 159 and 206 performed better under -F condition while germplasm lines 11, 52, 140, 166 and 220 performed better under +F condition in terms of having higher NDVI, Nitrogen balanced index, chlorophyll index, grain growth rate, biomass, yield and its attributes. The study revealed that the impact of fertilization on crop growth is consistent irrespective of the germplasm. However, some germplasm behaved differentially owing to their inherent potential of nutrient use efficiency and the selected germplasm identified with higher physiological and nutrient use efficient traits may be utilized in conventional breeding programs to better exploit higher NUE efficiency traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological characterization of bread wheat genotypes for heat tolerance
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Bhupnesh; Anita Kumari
    The present study entitled “Physiological characterization of bread wheat genotypes for heat stress tolerance” was conducted on 15 wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications, under two sowing dates viz., 17th November and 24th December, at the research area of Wheat and Barley Section of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2020-21. Observations were recorded for seven physiological traits viz., Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), canopy temperature, above ground biomass, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance; and 9 morphological and yield attributing characters viz., number of days to heading, number of days to anthesis, number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of spikelets per spike, spike length (cm), number productive of tillers per m2, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biomass (g/m2), grain yield (g/m2) and HSI. In all the wheat genotypes, i.e. G1 to G15 observations were taken at different stages of growth for physiological studies, while yield characteristics were recorded at maturity. Genotypes G12, G13, G14 and G1 performed better under TS condition while genotypes G13 and G14 under LS condition in terms of having higher NDVI, Chlorophyll Content Index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, biomass, yield and its attributes. Highly significant correlation between grain yield and physiological traits was observed viz., photosynthetic rate, NDVI, Chlorophyll Content Index, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under TS and LS conditions, therefore, these traits can be considered as key component traits for enhancement of grain yield in wheat under heat stress conditions. Heat susceptibility index (HSI) was used to assess heat tolerance in the experimental material. The genotype G14, followed by G13 and G4 were found to be most tolerant to heat stress based on lower HIS respectively (0.74), (0.75) and (0.87) whereas G6 was recorded to be most susceptible based on highest HSI to heat stress under LS condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Gayatri Kumari; Sarita Devi
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season” was evaluated in the screen house during the summer season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 5, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were maintained in all pots at its saturation percentage. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under controlled conditions on 26th February 2021. All the varieties survived well upto 8 dS m-1 and only one variety (HJ 541) maintained its growth upto 10 dS m-1 of salt stress. Sampling for growth parameters was made at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage and physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated at the time of 50% flowering. Germination and growth studies declined with the augmentation of salt stress at all the stages. Highest dry weight (0.7, 7.1 and 9.1 g/plant) and leaf area (211.9, 270.5 and 278.5 cm2/plant) was estimated in HJ 541 respectively, at 30, 60 DAS and at the time of 50% flowering. Salinity susceptibility index (SSI %) was calculated less than one in HJ 541 at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage. Similarly, plant water status, total chlorophyll content, and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend with the imposition of salt stress from control to 8 dS m-1 in all the varieties. At 8 dS m-1 of salt stress, less negative values of osmotic potential and higher RWC (%) was maintained by HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage. Percent decline in total chlorophyll content (26.5%), Fv/Fm (15%), TSS (18.2%) and assimilation rate (35.8%) was noticed in HJ 541 at 8 dS m-1. The genotypic mean values ranged from 6.5 - 8.0 mmole H2O m-2s-1 and 0.04 – 0.06 m mole H2O m-2s-1 respectively in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reversibily, RSI (%) increased with every increment of salt stress at 50% flowering stage. Osmolyte accumulation and specific activity of antioxidative enzymes enhanced gradually at 5 dS m-1 and after that a sharp increase was noticed in all varieties at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Per cent increase was on higher side at 8 dS m-1 of salt level in HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage viz. proline (61.5%), glycine betaine (60.2%), and SOD (31.1%) CAT (69.4%), POX (34.2%) over their respective control. At 50% flowering, the fresh weight of HJ 541 was 4.5% higher over HJ 513 being at par with each other at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Based on the dry weight, physiological and biochemical parameters it was concluded that HJ 541 performed better upto 8 dS m-1, being the only variety that survived at 10 dS m-1 during summer season, hence it is a promising cultivar for salt tolerance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Gayatri Kumari; Sarita Devi
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties during summer season” was evaluated in the screen house during the summer season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 5, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were maintained in all pots at its saturation percentage. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under controlled conditions on 26th February 2021. All the varieties survived well upto 8 dS m-1 and only one variety (HJ 541) maintained its growth upto 10 dS m-1 of salt stress. Sampling for growth parameters was made at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage and physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated at the time of 50% flowering. Germination and growth studies declined with the augmentation of salt stress at all the stages. Highest dry weight (0.7, 7.1 and 9.1 g/plant) and leaf area (211.9, 270.5 and 278.5 cm2/plant) was estimated in HJ 541 respectively, at 30, 60 DAS and at the time of 50% flowering. Salinity susceptibility index (SSI %) was calculated less than one in HJ 541 at 30, 60 DAS and at 50% flowering stage. Similarly, plant water status, total chlorophyll content, and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend with the imposition of salt stress from control to 8 dS m-1 in all the varieties. At 8 dS m-1 of salt stress, less negative values of osmotic potential and higher RWC (%) was maintained by HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage. Percent decline in total chlorophyll content (26.5%), Fv/Fm (15%), TSS (18.2%) and assimilation rate (35.8%) was noticed in HJ 541 at 8 dS m-1. The genotypic mean values ranged from 6.5 - 8.0 mmole H2O m-2s-1 and 0.04 – 0.06 m mole H2O m-2s-1 respectively in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reversibily, RSI (%) increased with every increment of salt stress at 50% flowering stage. Osmolyte accumulation and specific activity of antioxidative enzymes enhanced gradually at 5 dS m-1 and after that a sharp increase was noticed in all varieties at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Per cent increase was on higher side at 8 dS m-1 of salt level in HJ 541 at 50% flowering stage viz. proline (61.5%), glycine betaine (60.2%), and SOD (31.1%) CAT (69.4%), POX (34.2%) over their respective control. At 50% flowering, the fresh weight of HJ 541 was 4.5% higher over HJ 513 being at par with each other at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress. Based on the dry weight, physiological and biochemical parameters it was concluded that HJ 541 performed better upto 8 dS m-1, being the only variety that survived at 10 dS m-1 during summer season, hence it is a promising cultivar for salt tolerance.