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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2012 - 20168
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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated management of root rot of sesame (sesamum indicum L.) caused by macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) goid
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Bagaria, Pravin Kumar; Sharma, S. K.
    Root-rot/charcoal-rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is one of the most important soil-borne disease in south-western parts of Haryana. Efforts were made to manage the disease with application of various methods. Root-rot incidence (seedling and maturity stage) and intensity (at maturity) was observed maximum in sandy soil and decreased with increase in clay content. The minimum disease incidence (pre-emergence, post-emergence damping-off, total seedling mortality) and intensity of charcoal rot was observed when optimum irrigation was applied at daily and after every 3rd day as compared when the pots were irrigated after every 7th and every 10th day. Carbendazim (50, 100, 200, 500 ppm), propiconazole (100, 200, 500 ppm) and hexaconazole (200, 500 ppm) exhibited complete (100%) mycelial growth inhibition of M. phaseolina in vitro conditions. The evaluation of 11 plant extracts at 5, 10, 20 and 40 per cent concentrations revealed that aqueous extract of garlic clove was proved to be most effective inhibitor of M. phaseolina in vitro. Onion bulb extract ranked as the next most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of pathogen followed by extracts of bougainvillea, clerodendron and datura leaves. All antagonists viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly reduced mycelial growth of M. phaseolina in vitro. However, T. viride and T. harzianum were proved the best with 70.27 and 67.5 per cent mycelial growth inhibition of M. phaseolina, respectively. Neem leaves (50 g/kg soil) was the most effective in reducing root-rot incidence/intensity under screenhouse conditions followed by clerodendron and bougainvillea leaves amendments. Neem seed powder and neem cake each @ 20 g/kg soil applied as organic amendment showed significant reduction in root-rot incidence/intensity as compared to control followed by jamun seed powder and castor cake. Dry seed dressing (1 g/kg seed) and soil application (5 g/kg soil) of bioagent, Trichoderma viride at various intervals produce lesser pre-emergence, post-emergence damping-off and charcoal rot incidence/intensity at maturity compared to control. Seed treatment as well as spray @ 100 ppm with either Isonicotinic acid (INA) or Salicylic acid (SA) was also found effective in reducing disease incidence/intensity under screenhouse conditions. Seed treatment with carbendazim (0.25%) showed the lowest disease incidence and intensity as compared to other treatments in the screenhouse and field conditions. In artificially inoculated conditions also (inoculated at pith region), seed treatment with carbendazim (0.25%) and soil application of neem cake (0.5 kg/m2) were the most effective. IDM (Integrated Disease Management) modules developed revealed that, soil application of neem cake (0.5 kg/m2) + Trichoderma viride (0.2 kg/m2) followed by seed treatment with carbendazim (0.25%) showed the lowest charcoal-rot incidence and intensity under field conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on variability in sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary causing stem rot in Indian mustard
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Pawan Kumar; Rathi, A.S.
    The stem rot disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most serious fungal disease and causes maximum damage in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). The present investigation on cultural, morphological, pathogenic and genetic variability was carried out with fourteen isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from mustard growing areas of the country. All the isolates exhibited variations in their colony colour, type of growth and mycelial growth. HSR, FTH, SRS and DBW isolates showed dirty white colony colour, while rest of the isolates showed whitish colony colour. The variation in type of growth was also observed as BWL, MHR and BHR isolates showed fluffy and regular type of growth; ALW and JLN isolates showed fluffy but irregular growth, while rest of the isolates showed sparse and regular type of mycelial growth. All isolates showed significant differences in mycelial growth up to 72 hours of incubation, while non- gnificant differences were observed after 96 hours of incubation among the isolates. Significant variations were observed in number of sclerotia formation, size and pattern of sclerotia formation among the isolates after 10 days of incubation. Sufficient variability was also observed for number of apothecia per sclerotium. Isolates were also found to vary in their per cent disease intensity and significant host × pathogen interaction on different rapeseed-mustard genotypes under screen house and field conditions. HSR isolate was the most pathogenic with mean disease intensity of 53.1 and 60.8% under field and screen house conditions, respectively, while ALW was the least pathogenic isolate with disease intensity of less than 30% under both the conditions. Some isolates showed moderately resistant reaction on one genotype while, susceptible to highly susceptible reaction on rest of the genotypes. Some of the isolates could not be clearly differentiated pathogenically; however, they showed variable reactions on these genotypes. The variation was observed for stem breaking of different genotypes and formation of varying numbers of sclerotia after inoculation of S. sclerotiorum isolates under field conditions. The ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) analysis differentiated the fourteen isolates into two major clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.38. Cluster A was constituted by only one isolate ALW and Cluster B was a large group containing 13 isolates. Cluster B was further divided into two groups C and D which occupied nine and four isolates, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the induction of systemic resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem rot in Indian mustard
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Bochalya, Mahaveer Singh; Anil Kumar
    Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of stem rot of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a necrotrophic, soil borne fungal pathogen. This pathogen initiates infection by myceliogenic and carpogenic germination of sclerotia surviving in soil. The pathogen has wide host range and difficult to control through fungicides, hence the studied were carried to find out effective rhizobacteria and non-conventional chemicals for the management of S. sclerotiorum as resistance inducers. The cultures of S. sclerotiorum were maintained and multiplied on PDA and isolation and characterization of bacterial isolates were made on King’s ‘B’ medium plates. Three species of genus Bacillus, three species of genus Rhizobium, two species of genus Pseudomonas, one species of genus Arthrobacter and Micrococcus were isolated from soil, rhizoplane and rhizosphere of mustard field. Maximum mean per cent control was recorded by Pseudomonas-1 followed by Pseudomonas-2 and Bacillus-1under screen house as well as field conditions after challenge inoculation with pathogen. Screening of non-conventional chemicals under in vitro conditions showed that salicylic acid SA) followed by acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) inhibited maximum mycelial growth at 100 ppm concentration. Maximum mean per cent control was recorded by Bavistin at 100 ppm concentration after 6 weeks of inoculation both under screen house and field conditions followed by SA and ASA. All the rhizobacteria showed compatible reaction against all non conventional chemicals and fungicide tested at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations under in vitro conditions. Maximum per cent control was recorded by combined application of Bavistin+Pseudomonas-1 followed by SA+Pseudomonas-1, ASA+Pseudomonas-1, IBA+Pseudomonas-1, IAA+Pseudomonas-1, MgSo4+Pseudomonas-1, while minimum with ZnSo4+Pseudomonas-1. Maximum increase in total phenol, PPO, PAL, PO and chitinase activity was recorded by the application of Pseudomonas-1 followed by Pseudomonas-2 and Bacillus-1 at 3 days after rhizobacterial spray. Similarly, in case of non conventional chemicals, maximum increase in above mentioned biochemical parameters were recorded by the application of SA followed by ASA and IBA at 3 days after inoculation. At 6 days after inoculation, slight decrease in all these biochemical constituents were observed in all the treatments of rhizobacteria and non conventional chemicals both under screen as well as field conditions. Maximum increase in activity of total phenol, PPO, PAL, PO and chitinase was recorded in SA+Pseudomonas-1 followed by SA+Pseudomonas-2 and SA+Bacillus-1 at 3 days after challenge inoculation. Similar trends of results were also observed by the application of ASA, IBA, IAA, MgSo4 and ZnSo4 in combination with rhizobacterial isolates individually for the different biochemical parameters analysed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of Collar Rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) caused by Aspergillus niger van Teighem
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Rohtas; Saharan, Hawa Singh
    The collar rot disease caused by Aspergillus niger van Teighem is most serious soil and seed borne fungal disease which causes maximum damage in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of A. niger on seed germination and seedling vigour of groundnut genotypes and to manage the disease through host resistance, fungicides, bio-agents and botanicals. The pathogen significantly reduced the per cent germination, plumule and radicle length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings and cumulative reduction in seedling vigour index in all the four genotypes under both seed and soil inoculation technique. Out of one hundred twenty germplasm lines screened for their relative resistance against collar rot disease in field under natural sick plot conditions, none of the lines showed resistant reaction, however, five lines showed moderately resistant, eighty seven lines showed moderately susceptible reaction, twenty two lines showed susceptible reaction, while six germlasm lines showed highly susceptible reaction against collar rot disease. Efficacy of pesticides in vitro against A. niger showed that propiconazole, carbendazim and carboxin completely inhibited the mycelial growth up to 100 per cent at 200, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration, respectively. Captan and thiram were found very less effective as they inhibited 81.11 and 72.77 per cent of fungal growth, respectively at higher concentration of 1000 ppm. Fungicide hexaconazole, herbicide pendimethalin and insecticide chlorpyriphos were failed to show antifungal activity against A. niger even at 1000 ppm concentration. Evaluation of bio-agents against A. niger in vitro revealed that Trichoderma viride showed maximum antifungal activity with 78.32 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth followed by T. harzianum (72.50%) inhibition of mycelial growth and Pseudomonas fluroscence (23.80%) inhibition of mycelial growth. Seed treatments with fungicides and soil inoculation with bio-agents significantly reduced the disease incidence of collar rot due to A. niger. Maximum collar rot disease control was found by propiconazole @ 1ml/kg seed which controlled 87.50 per cent followed by carbendazim @ 2g/kg seed (75.00%) and captan @ 3g/ kg seed (68.76%), by seed treatment under screen house conditions in pots. In case of bio-agents, T. viride showed maximum disease control (43.75%) followed by T. harzianum (31.25%) as comparison to control. Among the botanicals, neem cake powder @ 20g/kg soil showed maximum control of disease (32.53%) followed by mustard cake powder @ 20g/kg soil (23.97%) in comparison to control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathogenic variability and management of fusarium wilt of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Jaywant Kumar Singh; Mehta, Naresh
    The Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium spp. has emerged as a serious problem in most of the chilli growing irrigated tracts of India, leading to considerable yield losses in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The present investigation on cultural, morphological, pathogenic and genetic variability was carried out with twentythree isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from chilli growing areas of the country. The isolates identified belonged to F. oxysporum and F. solani based on their morpho-cultural characteristics. The average radial growth of different isolates evaluated on different media, Czapek’s Dox agar and potato dextrose agar were the most effective media supporting the mycelial growth (>75.0 mm). All the isolates exhibited variations in their colony colour, type of growth and mycelial growth. Mycelia colour among the F. oxysporum isolates varied from white to pale yellow, whereas, in F. solani the mycelial colour varied from white, cream to pale yellow. Fusarium oxysporum isolates showed undulate fluffy, concentric fluffy, filamentous fluffy, filamentous suppressed, filamentous scanty fibrous, undulate fluffy to entire fluffy type of growth, however, the F. solani isolates formed only undulate fluffy and entire fluffy type of growth. Significant variations were observed in mean size of macroconidia and micro-conidia, where the F. oxysporum isolates formed larger size conidia compared to F. solani. The average septa in F. oxysporum isolates varied from 1-3 and 1-5, whereas, F. solani isolates formed 1-5 septa. Temporal and symptomatic wilt expression starting from 1 st to 4 th week on susceptible cultivars Pusa Jwala and Arka Meghana indicated the isolates Fo5, Fo7, Fo8 and Fo10 in F. oxysporum and Fs8 in F. solani were highly pathogenic. Amplification with genera and/or species specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers clearly differentiated all the isolates into F. oxysporum and/or F. solani isolates based on amplification and size of amplicons in different isolates. The diversity analyses using universal rice primers (URPs) exhibited the genetic relatedness among the twenty-three isolates varied from 0.53-0.88, i.e., 53-88 per cent with an average similarity of 71 per cent. The URP analyses differentiated Fusarium isolates into two major clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.53, i.e., 53 per cent similarity, where all the F. oxysporum isolates were clustered into major cluster A and all the F. solani isolates into major cluster B. The isolates Fo5 & Fo10 in F. oxysporum and Fs8 & Fs3 in F. solani isolates were distantly related with 48 per cent and 50 per cent genetic similarity, respectively. The in vitro and in vivo management study involving chemicals, botanicals or antagonists as well as their integration indicated that chemicals (carbendazim + mancozeb @ 0.1% or carbendazim @ 0.1%) applied as seed treatment + seedling root dip + soil application were the most effective treatments and the chilli cultivar CO-4 found effective after extensive evaluation in screen house and field, will be highly useful for the effective management of the Fusarium wilt disease in chilli.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on epidemiology and molecular diversity of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Chohan, Prashant Kumar; Mehta, Nareshcc
    Present investigation comprised two cultivars HS-6 and RCH 134 BG-II susceptible to CLCuV used for study on epidemiology, effect of date of sowing and spacing on the incidence of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). Biochemical studies included phenol, sugar (total and reducing), tannin, protein, gossypol, chlorophyll-a & b, peroxidase and pholyphenol oxidase analysis using standard biochemical methods. Four cotton cultivars HS-6 & RCH 134 BG-II (susceptible) and H 1236 & Bunty (resistant) were used in the study. For molecular study, cotton leaves showing CLCuD symptoms were collected from different cotton growing locations of Haryana (Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, Bhiwani and Jind), Punjab (Abohar, Bathinda and Fazilka) and Rajasthan (Hanumangarh and Shriganganagar). Results exhibited that disease was appeared early in season during 2013 whereas late in 2014, however, fluctuation in white fly population during 2014 did not affect CLCuD progress. Negative correlation of CLCuD was observed with T-max and T-min, whereas, RH (morning) showed positive correlation. In early sown crop, the disease appeared at later stages of crop as compared to timely and late sown crops. Overall yield of early sown crop was highest whereas, yield in late sown crop was significantly reduced in two year of study. The effect of spacing on incidence of CLCuD was not significant. Biochemical studies revealed that phenol content was high in resistant plants whereas, low in diseased plants. Tannin content was high in resistant plants as compared to diseased plants. However, gossypol and sugar (total and reducing sugar) content changes did not show any relation with CLCuD infection in plants. Protein content was increased with the age of plant. Chlorophyll (a & b) content was higher in diseased plants as compared to healthy/resistant plants. Peroxidase and Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in healthy (0 grade) and resistant plants in comparison to the diseased plants. Molecular study revealed that primers used in molecular level study showed differences in DNA amplification. Among the 68 samples, 36 showed DNA presence in all three primers, 4 showed in Primer-1, 7 in Primer-2, 3 in primer-3 and 4 samples did not show amplification in any of the primers. Five samples showed amplification with primer-1 & 2, 5 in primer-2 & 3 and 4 samples showed presence in primer-1 & 3 only. Monomorphic results observed did not show variability in amplified DNA of various isolates. However, the presence or absence of band with particular isolate indicated complex system of analysis of host-virus-vector relation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability studies in mycogone perniciosa causing wet bubble of agaricus bisporus
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Man Mohan; Surjeet Singh
    Wet bubble disease caused by Mycogone perniciosa is one of the most devastating fungal disease and causes considerable yield loses in Agaricus bisporus. The present investigation on symptomatology, morphology, physiology, chemosensitivity and genetic variability was carried out under in vitro with fifteen isolates of M. perniciosa collected from major mushroom growing areas. The symptoms induced by different isolates of M. perniciosa varied from thick stipe to sclerodermoid having brown amber coloured droplets to internal browning. These were categorized on the basis of brown amber colour droplets, gills infection and foul smell occurrence. Isolates viz., LDP, RSN and BSN1 showed the symptoms on pileus like dark brown to light brown colour, while some isolates exhibited the brown amber droplets. A wide variation in symptoms was also detected when isolates were compared with isolates from widely reported origin of geographical regions in Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Isolate TPN showed thick stipe, slow mycelial growth with slightly feathery, dense mycelium and lemon colony colour. While symptoms variation observed among the isolates of M. perniciosa were compared with morphological, physiological and genetic variability, it was observed that the isolates, KSN and BSN2 produced fluffy, even, very feathery and brown in colony colour was recorded fastest growing. In results 25oC was found most suitable temperature for mycelial growth of Mycogone perniciosa. While, the pH level 7.0 was found optimum for mycelial growth of the isolates studied. These two isolates viz., KSN and BSN2 were highly diversed from rest of isolates of the M. perniciosa showing wide genetic distance. On the bsasis of chemosensitivity to metalaxyl MZ among these fifteen isolates, eleven isolates of pathogen were highely sensitive but none of isolate were under less sensitive group to Mycogone perniciosa isolates. Interaction studies between Mycogone perniciosa isolates and Agaricus bisporus strains showed mycelial inhibition. The highest pair wise genetic similarity i.e., 92.0 per cent was observed between sub cluster isolates RSN and BSN1 followed by 85.0 per cent genetic similarity between isolates KSN and BSN2 of major cluster B. In future it is likely these two isolates of Mycogone perniciosa can be used in the screening programme of strains of Agaricus bisporus.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiology and management of powdery mildew in wheat
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sharma, Vipin Kumar; Karwasra, S.S.
    Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici is an important disease of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in the north eastern region of Haryana and adjoining areas of states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Studies on epidemiology and management of this disease were carried out at IIWBR, Karnal and Regional Research Station, Dhaulakuan duing rabi 2012-13 and 2013-14. Disease first appeared in hilly areas of Dhaulakuan at ear heading stage during the first week of February followed by Gurdaspur and plains of Yamunanagar at anthesis stage during the second week of February and spread to Ambala, Ludhiana, Kar nal and Kaul at anthesis, post anthesis and grain formation stage, respectively. Out of 203 entries evaluated, 37 were found resistant at both the locations. Two varieties viz., DPW 621-50 and PBW 550 while, six varieties viz., WHD 896, WHD 942, WHD 943, W HD 948 and PWD 233 showed slow mildewing behaviour at Karnal and Dhaulakuan, respectively. Increased minimum temperature and evening relative humidity collectively explained disease progression from 45 to 84 per cent at both the locations as the disease was favoured by mean temperature of 21.0 to 21.4°C at Karnal and 18.3 to 21.0°C at Dhaulakuan. Maximum, minimum temperature and evening relative humidity collectively explained disease progression from 73 to 84 per cent at both the locations. Physiological and biochemical analysis in healthy and infected leaves of resistant (DDK 1029) and susceptible (PBW 343) varieties revealed non-significant effect on total chlorophyll content in infected leaves as compared to healthy leaves of resistant variety. In suscep tible variety, stomatal conductance in diseased leaves decreased at initial stage of infection and then reduced at higher rate at all stages of disease. There was a gradual reduction in photosynthetic and transpiration rate at all the stages of infection i n both the varieties, but reduction was more in the leaves of susceptible. In susceptible variety, the reduction in photosynthetic rate was found to be less at initial stage of disease but reduced sharpl y at later stages. Total phenol contents were higher in healthy leaves of resistant variety and after infection, the total phenol content increased in resistant variety at initial stages of disease, while the decrease was less at later stage. In susceptib le variety the total phenol content continued to increase at all stages of infection. Total sugar and non reducing sugar content in both the varieties increased after infection but the increase was more in susceptible variety. Activity of PPO and POX was found to be increased in resistant variety at all the stages. In resistant variety, there was significant increase in PPO and POX activity at disease initiation thereafter slightly decreased at later stages. Among various fungicides tested, propiconazole 25% EC and tridemorph 40% SC were found most effective even at lower dose (0.05%) and controlled the disease up to 96.55 and 93.64 per cent, respectively, as compared to untreated control.