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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2012 - 20144
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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated management of root rot of sesame (sesamum indicum L.) caused by macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) goid
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Bagaria, Pravin Kumar; Sharma, S. K.
    Root-rot/charcoal-rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is one of the most important soil-borne disease in south-western parts of Haryana. Efforts were made to manage the disease with application of various methods. Root-rot incidence (seedling and maturity stage) and intensity (at maturity) was observed maximum in sandy soil and decreased with increase in clay content. The minimum disease incidence (pre-emergence, post-emergence damping-off, total seedling mortality) and intensity of charcoal rot was observed when optimum irrigation was applied at daily and after every 3rd day as compared when the pots were irrigated after every 7th and every 10th day. Carbendazim (50, 100, 200, 500 ppm), propiconazole (100, 200, 500 ppm) and hexaconazole (200, 500 ppm) exhibited complete (100%) mycelial growth inhibition of M. phaseolina in vitro conditions. The evaluation of 11 plant extracts at 5, 10, 20 and 40 per cent concentrations revealed that aqueous extract of garlic clove was proved to be most effective inhibitor of M. phaseolina in vitro. Onion bulb extract ranked as the next most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of pathogen followed by extracts of bougainvillea, clerodendron and datura leaves. All antagonists viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly reduced mycelial growth of M. phaseolina in vitro. However, T. viride and T. harzianum were proved the best with 70.27 and 67.5 per cent mycelial growth inhibition of M. phaseolina, respectively. Neem leaves (50 g/kg soil) was the most effective in reducing root-rot incidence/intensity under screenhouse conditions followed by clerodendron and bougainvillea leaves amendments. Neem seed powder and neem cake each @ 20 g/kg soil applied as organic amendment showed significant reduction in root-rot incidence/intensity as compared to control followed by jamun seed powder and castor cake. Dry seed dressing (1 g/kg seed) and soil application (5 g/kg soil) of bioagent, Trichoderma viride at various intervals produce lesser pre-emergence, post-emergence damping-off and charcoal rot incidence/intensity at maturity compared to control. Seed treatment as well as spray @ 100 ppm with either Isonicotinic acid (INA) or Salicylic acid (SA) was also found effective in reducing disease incidence/intensity under screenhouse conditions. Seed treatment with carbendazim (0.25%) showed the lowest disease incidence and intensity as compared to other treatments in the screenhouse and field conditions. In artificially inoculated conditions also (inoculated at pith region), seed treatment with carbendazim (0.25%) and soil application of neem cake (0.5 kg/m2) were the most effective. IDM (Integrated Disease Management) modules developed revealed that, soil application of neem cake (0.5 kg/m2) + Trichoderma viride (0.2 kg/m2) followed by seed treatment with carbendazim (0.25%) showed the lowest charcoal-rot incidence and intensity under field conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on variability in sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary causing stem rot in Indian mustard
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Pawan Kumar; Rathi, A.S.
    The stem rot disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most serious fungal disease and causes maximum damage in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). The present investigation on cultural, morphological, pathogenic and genetic variability was carried out with fourteen isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from mustard growing areas of the country. All the isolates exhibited variations in their colony colour, type of growth and mycelial growth. HSR, FTH, SRS and DBW isolates showed dirty white colony colour, while rest of the isolates showed whitish colony colour. The variation in type of growth was also observed as BWL, MHR and BHR isolates showed fluffy and regular type of growth; ALW and JLN isolates showed fluffy but irregular growth, while rest of the isolates showed sparse and regular type of mycelial growth. All isolates showed significant differences in mycelial growth up to 72 hours of incubation, while non- gnificant differences were observed after 96 hours of incubation among the isolates. Significant variations were observed in number of sclerotia formation, size and pattern of sclerotia formation among the isolates after 10 days of incubation. Sufficient variability was also observed for number of apothecia per sclerotium. Isolates were also found to vary in their per cent disease intensity and significant host × pathogen interaction on different rapeseed-mustard genotypes under screen house and field conditions. HSR isolate was the most pathogenic with mean disease intensity of 53.1 and 60.8% under field and screen house conditions, respectively, while ALW was the least pathogenic isolate with disease intensity of less than 30% under both the conditions. Some isolates showed moderately resistant reaction on one genotype while, susceptible to highly susceptible reaction on rest of the genotypes. Some of the isolates could not be clearly differentiated pathogenically; however, they showed variable reactions on these genotypes. The variation was observed for stem breaking of different genotypes and formation of varying numbers of sclerotia after inoculation of S. sclerotiorum isolates under field conditions. The ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) analysis differentiated the fourteen isolates into two major clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.38. Cluster A was constituted by only one isolate ALW and Cluster B was a large group containing 13 isolates. Cluster B was further divided into two groups C and D which occupied nine and four isolates, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the induction of systemic resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem rot in Indian mustard
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Bochalya, Mahaveer Singh; Anil Kumar
    Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of stem rot of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a necrotrophic, soil borne fungal pathogen. This pathogen initiates infection by myceliogenic and carpogenic germination of sclerotia surviving in soil. The pathogen has wide host range and difficult to control through fungicides, hence the studied were carried to find out effective rhizobacteria and non-conventional chemicals for the management of S. sclerotiorum as resistance inducers. The cultures of S. sclerotiorum were maintained and multiplied on PDA and isolation and characterization of bacterial isolates were made on King’s ‘B’ medium plates. Three species of genus Bacillus, three species of genus Rhizobium, two species of genus Pseudomonas, one species of genus Arthrobacter and Micrococcus were isolated from soil, rhizoplane and rhizosphere of mustard field. Maximum mean per cent control was recorded by Pseudomonas-1 followed by Pseudomonas-2 and Bacillus-1under screen house as well as field conditions after challenge inoculation with pathogen. Screening of non-conventional chemicals under in vitro conditions showed that salicylic acid SA) followed by acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) inhibited maximum mycelial growth at 100 ppm concentration. Maximum mean per cent control was recorded by Bavistin at 100 ppm concentration after 6 weeks of inoculation both under screen house and field conditions followed by SA and ASA. All the rhizobacteria showed compatible reaction against all non conventional chemicals and fungicide tested at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations under in vitro conditions. Maximum per cent control was recorded by combined application of Bavistin+Pseudomonas-1 followed by SA+Pseudomonas-1, ASA+Pseudomonas-1, IBA+Pseudomonas-1, IAA+Pseudomonas-1, MgSo4+Pseudomonas-1, while minimum with ZnSo4+Pseudomonas-1. Maximum increase in total phenol, PPO, PAL, PO and chitinase activity was recorded by the application of Pseudomonas-1 followed by Pseudomonas-2 and Bacillus-1 at 3 days after rhizobacterial spray. Similarly, in case of non conventional chemicals, maximum increase in above mentioned biochemical parameters were recorded by the application of SA followed by ASA and IBA at 3 days after inoculation. At 6 days after inoculation, slight decrease in all these biochemical constituents were observed in all the treatments of rhizobacteria and non conventional chemicals both under screen as well as field conditions. Maximum increase in activity of total phenol, PPO, PAL, PO and chitinase was recorded in SA+Pseudomonas-1 followed by SA+Pseudomonas-2 and SA+Bacillus-1 at 3 days after challenge inoculation. Similar trends of results were also observed by the application of ASA, IBA, IAA, MgSo4 and ZnSo4 in combination with rhizobacterial isolates individually for the different biochemical parameters analysed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of Collar Rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) caused by Aspergillus niger van Teighem
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Rohtas; Saharan, Hawa Singh
    The collar rot disease caused by Aspergillus niger van Teighem is most serious soil and seed borne fungal disease which causes maximum damage in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of A. niger on seed germination and seedling vigour of groundnut genotypes and to manage the disease through host resistance, fungicides, bio-agents and botanicals. The pathogen significantly reduced the per cent germination, plumule and radicle length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings and cumulative reduction in seedling vigour index in all the four genotypes under both seed and soil inoculation technique. Out of one hundred twenty germplasm lines screened for their relative resistance against collar rot disease in field under natural sick plot conditions, none of the lines showed resistant reaction, however, five lines showed moderately resistant, eighty seven lines showed moderately susceptible reaction, twenty two lines showed susceptible reaction, while six germlasm lines showed highly susceptible reaction against collar rot disease. Efficacy of pesticides in vitro against A. niger showed that propiconazole, carbendazim and carboxin completely inhibited the mycelial growth up to 100 per cent at 200, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration, respectively. Captan and thiram were found very less effective as they inhibited 81.11 and 72.77 per cent of fungal growth, respectively at higher concentration of 1000 ppm. Fungicide hexaconazole, herbicide pendimethalin and insecticide chlorpyriphos were failed to show antifungal activity against A. niger even at 1000 ppm concentration. Evaluation of bio-agents against A. niger in vitro revealed that Trichoderma viride showed maximum antifungal activity with 78.32 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth followed by T. harzianum (72.50%) inhibition of mycelial growth and Pseudomonas fluroscence (23.80%) inhibition of mycelial growth. Seed treatments with fungicides and soil inoculation with bio-agents significantly reduced the disease incidence of collar rot due to A. niger. Maximum collar rot disease control was found by propiconazole @ 1ml/kg seed which controlled 87.50 per cent followed by carbendazim @ 2g/kg seed (75.00%) and captan @ 3g/ kg seed (68.76%), by seed treatment under screen house conditions in pots. In case of bio-agents, T. viride showed maximum disease control (43.75%) followed by T. harzianum (31.25%) as comparison to control. Among the botanicals, neem cake powder @ 20g/kg soil showed maximum control of disease (32.53%) followed by mustard cake powder @ 20g/kg soil (23.97%) in comparison to control.