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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Jagdeep Singh × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on variability and management of Verticillium fungicola causing dry bubble disease in Agaricus bisporus
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Jagdeep Singh; Surjeet Singh
    Verticillium fungicola is a serious pathogen causing dry bubble disease in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Present investigations were carried out on both host and pathogen by covering aspects of variability in pathogen, host-pathogen interaction and management of the disease. The isolates of V. fungicola were collected from different mushroom farms of Haryana state, coded as MHS (Hisar), BFT (Fatehabad), NJN (Jind), RHT (Rohtak), TPN (Panipat), BSN (Sonipat), FDB (Fridabad) and SKK (Kurukshetra) and pathogenicity was proved on A. bisporus. All isolates showed morphological, physiological and pathological variations. The isolates BSN, TPN, FDB, SKK and RHT are fall in the fast growing category having radial growth of 44.66, 43.86, 43.33, 42.16 and 41.50 mm, respectively and whitish colonies with dark yellow underside on PDA at pH 6.5 and 25±1ºC temperature after 12 days of incubation. Similarly, during screening of the isolates, only BSN, TPN, FDB, SKK and RHT showed disease symptoms on fruiting bodies of all the strains of A. bisporous included in the study and other mushroom spp. i.e. A. bitorquis, Pleurotus sajor-caju and P. florida, except A. bisporus strain U-3 and Calocybe indica where no disease appeared. During interaction between A. bisporus and the virulent isolate (BSN) of V. fungicola, both are easily distinguishable at interaction regions on the basis of hyphal width i.e. ranged from 4.0 to 6.5 μm and 1.5 to 4.5 μm, respectively. Pathogen grows inter- as well as intra-cellularly on host hyphae, thereby causing coiling and lysis of host mycelia. During enzymatic bioassay in dual culture, the mycopathogen showed production of different hydrolytic enzymes i.e. amylase, cellulase and chitinase but not lipase and pectinase by formation of clear zonation on substrate. In in vitro studies three bacterial isolates i.e. BI, BII and BIII were isolated from casing soil for their antagonism against V. fungicola. The maximum growth inhibition of V. fungicola was 78.64% with BII isolate followed by 63.94% and 61.10% in BI and BIII, respectively after 12 days of incubation. The efficacy of neem products i.e. neem seed kernel extract, neem oil and neem leaf extracts, at three concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 μl/ml) were determined against V. fungicola. The radial growth inhibition recorded was 50.02% at 7.5 μl/ml in case of neem seed kernel extract, followed by 40.99% and 34.94% in neem leaf extract and neem oil, respectively. Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM) were used and growth inhibition was 44.96% recorded at concentration 0.4 mM with salicylic acid, followed by jasmonic acid (23.42%) when evaluated against V. fungicola. In In vivo both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid resulted in reduction of lesions size on A. bisporus to the extent of 69.69% and 39.93%, respectively at concentration of 0.4mM. Similarly, the number of lesions reduction was 81.96% (salicylic acid) and 54.64% (jasmonic acid) at same concentration. The integrated managements of dry bubble disease caused by V. fungicola during the cultivation of A. bisporus in cropping period of 2016 and 2017 showed that all the treatments individually as well in combinations affected all yield parameters at all stages of growth of A. bisporus. However, the integrated disease management reported when treatments combination (bacterial isolate BII, neem seed kernel extract and salicylic acid) were applied at both spawning and casing time resulted in maximizing yield (24.75%) and minimizing disease incidence (4.31%) in cropping duration of 37 days.