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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical characterization and toxicity Studies of biosurfactants produced by yeast(CCSHAU, 2019) Dolly Rani; Sangwan, SeemaThe biosurfactant production potential of two yeasts, Meyerozyma guilliermondii YK 32 and M. guilliermondii YK 22 was investigated using total eight types of carbon sources followed by extraction and characterization of final product. Maximum biosurfactant production monitored in terms of oil displacement (9.0cm) was obtained using a mixture of olive oil and whey at 4%(v/v) concentration of each in case of M. guilliermondii YK 32. Its cell free supernatant yielded maximum 12.77g/L crude biosurfactant using acetone precipitation method. Total eight types of crude biosurfactants obtained using different carbon sources (BS1-BS8) were subjected to further characterization. The preliminary characterization using TLC revealed yellow spots in case of BS1, BS4, BS5 and BS8 having Rf 0.33, 0.41, 0.45 and 0.38, respectively indicating the presence of carbohydrate and lipids while a ninhydrin spray detected purple to reddish purple spots in BS2, BS3, BS6 and BS7 with Rf value varied from 0.23 to 0.93 depicting protein and lipid contents. The biosurfactant produced using a mixture of olive oil and whey (BS6) as substrate contained highest protein content (28.61 mg/g) followed by BS2 (20.90 mg/g) and BS1 (15.94 mg/g) while a mixture of molasses and whey supported the production of crude biosurfactant (BS8) containing highest carbohydrate (28.82 mg/g) as well as lipid content (A260nm, 16.85). All the crude biosurfactants exhibited neutral behavior during ionic charge determination. Contrary to chemical surfactant (1%SDS) which inhibited the germination of chickpea, the increasing concentration of biosurfactants supported the germination of chickpea giving a maximum germination index equaled to 423 % at 0.8% concentration of biosurfactants BS4.Further, all the biosurfactants were non toxic to yeast multiplication and did not show any antimicrobial activity against Rhizobium, a bioinoculant for nitrogen fixation. Being supportive to chickpea germination and nontoxic to yeast, the neutral biosurfactant produced by M. guilliermondii YK 32 may be tested for application in agricultural practices, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.ThesisItem Open Access Bioremediation of phenolic compounds in sewage water using bacterial consortia(CCSHAU, 2019) Diksha; Rakesh KumarSewage water is a rich source of organic waste and nutrients in the form of nitrates and phosphates, due to which it can be used in agriculture after proper treatment. Sewage water contains various harmful compounds like phenolics which need to be treated before discharge. The direct discharge of sewage water into natural water sources leads to the obstructive impacts on the water sources and aquatic life, sewage water becomes an open source of harmful microbes and pollutants. To demolish these problems the treatment of domestic waste water is must and its reuse for the domestic as well as agriculture purpose can become an eco-friendly solution for the conservation of water. A total of 29 bacterial isolates were retrieved from seven sewage water samples collected from Sewage Treatment Plant, CCS HAU, Hisar. All bacterial isolates were screened for phenol degradation in mineral salt medium supplemented with 250, 500 and 750 ppm concentration of phenol. Out of 29, only 8 bacterial isolates were able to grow in mineral salt medium having 750 ppm concentration of phenol. These eight bacterial isolates were further observed for growth upto 1500 ppm concentration of phenol, out of eight, only four bacterial isolates (NI6, NI5, NR1 and JC1) were able to grow upto 1250 ppm concentration of phenol. Cultural conditions, inoculum size and aeration were optimised in culture medium as well as sewage sludge. Fifteen percent inoculum and 2 LPM aeration rate were found to be optimum for efficient phenol degradation. Least residual phenol in culture medium and sewage sludge at 15% inoculum was left with bacterial isolate NI6 (265.2 ppm and 607.30 ppm respectively). Same was observed in culture medium and sewage sludge at 15% inoculum and 2 LPM aeration in lab scale fermenter for bacterial isolate NI6 (352.3 ppm and 761.27 ppm respectively). A consortium of four bacterial isolates (25% each of NI6, NI5, NR1 and JC1) was found to leave least 276.93 ppm residual phenol in sewage sludge as compared to individual isolates. Consortium was further tested for removal of phenolic compounds, COD, BOD and Heavy metal at STP, CCS HAU, Hisar. At 9th day of application, highest phenolic compounds degradation was observed in sewage sludge (120 ppm) and outlet of clarifier (172.9 ppm), thereafter phenolic compounds concentration started to increase. At 9th day COD reduced from 460 mg/L to 60 mg/L and 100 mg/L to 40 mg/L while BOD decreased from 153 mg/L to 18 mg/L and 28 mg/L to 17 mg/L in sewage sludge and outlet of clarifier respectively. Removal of Zinc and Chromium was observed in outlet of clarifier and sewage sludge.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of thermotolerant rhizobacteria to control root rot disease in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Sachin; Pathak, D.V.Cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] is an under exploited leguminous crop which is commonly known as guar, chavli kayi, guari, khutti etc. It is grown in India, especially in South Haryana, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Maharastra in the summer season. India contributes around 80% of cluster bean to the world. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, a basidomycetes fungus, is the main causal organism of this disease. The control of fungus is difficult because of wide range of its host, large sclerotia are insensitive to chemical fungicides. A total of fifty eight bacterial isolates were retrieved from rhizosphere of mainly two crops (Wheat and congress grass). All the bacterial isolates were screened for Gram’s staining, spore staining, IAA production, NH3 excretion, growth on chitin as carbon source, antifungal activity against R. solani, Germination index, pre emergence mortality and Relative root elongation index (RREI). On the basis of Gram’s staining 45 isolates were found to be Gram’s +ve, remaining were Gram nagetive. Endospore staining showed 45 isolates as spore formers. A total of 56 isolates were capable of IAA production and maximum IAA producer was NAA4 (25.03 μg ml-1). Out of 58 isolates 53 isolates were capable of ammonia excretion and maximum NH3+ excretion was 4.16 μg ml- 1 by isolate no. KMI1. Only five isolates (KMI1, NAB1, NAE2, NAD1 and NAC2) were showed chitinase activity using chitin as carbon source. Ten bacterial isolates were showed antifungal activity against R. solani under in vitro conditions. Impact of 20 best cultures selected on the basis of biochemical characterization, was studied for germination in cluster bean under in vitro conditions. The maximum root length was observed with isolate NAG6 (7.86 cm) and maximum shoot length was 8.82 cm with NAG6. Maximum RREI % was observed with NAG6 which was 242.59 %. Minimum pre emergence mortality was observed with KME2. It was only 3 %. Germination index varied from 50 to 90 % and maximum GI was 90% in five cultures KMB7, KMH3, KML2, NAB1, NAD1. The best five cultures on the basis of antifungal activity, chitinase activity and other biochemical characterization were selected to evaluate under pot house conditions. Maximum root length was observed with NAE2 along with RDF (18.11cm) and shoot length was observed with NAE2 along with RDF (20.76 cm). Maximum GI was observed in case of NAE2 along with RDF (82.96 %). Minimum pre emergence mortality % observed was 8.00 % in NAE2 along with RDF. Minimum post emergence mortality % observed was 9.04 % in NAE2 along with RDF. The maximum dry shoot weight was observed in case of NAE2 along with RDF (5.075 mg). The maximum dry root weight was 0.403 mg in NAE2 along with RDF followed by 0.392 mg in NAD1 along with RDF. The maximum N uptake was observed with NAE2 along with RDF (64.75 mg/pl.). NAE2 culture performed better for root rot control and most of plant growth parameter under pot house conditions. This culture was identified as Bacillus subtilis subtilis using 16sRNA RFLP.ThesisItem Open Access Green synthesis and characterization of plant derived nanoparticles for enhancement of biogas production(CCSHAU, 2019) Dilbag; Malik, KamlaEnergy crisis and environmental pollution are serious problems of sustainable development of the world. The problem is far more acute in the perspective of developing economies in countries like India where there is significant pressure on the available natural sources of energy. One of effective approaches to solve these energy problems is developing biomass energy such as biogas and biofuel. Biogas production is a well-established conversion technology to obtain energy from biomass that is alternative to fossil fuel. Nanotechnology can pave the way for betterment of biogas production through the use of nanocatalysts which ensure more efficient bioconversion strategies, better breakdown of substrates and more optimized output delivery. Generally, nanoparticles are prepared by a variety of chemical and physical methods which are quite expensive and potentially hazardous to the environment which involve use of toxic and perilous chemicals that are responsible for various biological risks. This may be the reason which leads to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles via green route that does not employ toxic chemicals and hence proving to become a growing interest to develop environment friendly processes. Therefore, in the present investigation was carried out green synthesized plant derived iron nanoparticles used for enhancement of biogas production from cattle dung. The nanoparticles were synthesized from neem (Azadirachta indica) and curry (Murraya koenigii) leaves with various conc. (30-70 ml) supplemented with cattle dung for biogas production. Characterization of the synthesized iron nanoparticles was done by UV-visible spectrophotometer, PSA, zeta potential analyzer (ZPA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The highest absorption peak was observed at 432 nm.TEM image reveals that the FeNPs were in smaller size and spherical in shape with a diameter of 72.5 nm (NE) and 25 nm (CE), respectively. The maximum degradation (43.1%) of total solids was observed in T-5. Similar trend was observed in VS degradation and maximum degradation (15.7%) was observed in T-5. Biogas production from FeNPs (NE & CE) T-5 after 8 weeks of digestion was 104.3 litres and in T-9, it is found to be 98.6 litres as compared to control in which biogas production was found to be 85.2 litres. There was 22.4% increase in biogas production as compared to control after 8 weeks of batch anaerobic digestion. Cumulative biogas production with the addition of FeNPs attained the highest biogas yield (2537 l) in J2 as compared to J1 (2201 l) and methane contents were 77.8% as compared to control 72.3% after 8 week of digestion.ThesisItem Open Access Biocontrol of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) using plant growth promoting rhizospheric bacteria(CCSHAU, 2018) Antil, Sonam; Rakesh KumarEgg plant (Solanum melongena L.) or brinjal is a nightshade species belonging to family Solanaceae and is the second most important vegetable crop after tomato and shows high susceptibility to infection by the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Management of the root-knot nematodes via biological methods such as PGPR is a novel technology emerging for sustainable agriculture. In this context, a total of 63 isolates were isolated from nematode affected rhizospheric soil of brinjal, tomato crops and earthworm culture media. All the 63 isolates were characterized for various plant growth promoting traits. Out of 63, fifteen isolates produced siderophores and maximum production was observed by isolate LBB-1and KMT-2. Chitinase activity was observed in 14 isolates and isolates KMT-2 and KMT-8 showed maximum chitinase activity. Sixteen isolates were found to be positive for HCN production and maximum production was seen in isolates NAE-1, KMB-3, KMT-2 and KMS-6. Fifty seven isolates were capable of excreting ammonia and maximum ammonia excretion was observed in KMT-2 (4.8μg/ml) and LBB-1 (4.7 μg/ml). All the bacterial isolates except one were producing IAA and high level of IAA production was observed in KMT-1 (45.9 μg/ml), KMB-2 (38.8 μg/ml), KMB-4 (27.7μg/ml) and KMT-5 (26.4μg/ml). A total of 39 isolates solubilized phosphate and highest P-SI was observed in isolate KMT-1(2.0) and LBB-4 (1.7). Twelve isolates- NAB-4, NAS-1, NAE-1, LBB-1, LBS-1, KMB-3, KMT-2, KMT-4, KMT-5, KMT-8, KMS-3 and KMS-6 resulted in minimum hatching in egg masses and higher mortality rate in J2 of M. javanica (upto 92%). Based on all the screening tests, a total of 12 were selected for pot house experiment on brinjal crop. Rhizospheric microbial count increased in all treatments from 0 DAP to 45 DAP. Under pot house conditions, T14 (RDF +KMT-4), T15 (RDF +KMT-5), T16 (RDF + KMT-8) and T17 (RDF +KMS-6) showed maximum plant growth, reduced galls and eggs in roots, and final nematode population in soil.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on xylitol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Kumari, Praveen; Yadav, O. PThesisItem Open Access Production of Cellulases by Trichodenna reesei Mutants(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Mittal, S. L; Chaudhary, KamlaThesisItem Open Access Solubilization of rock phosphates by fungi(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Suhag, Anupam; Yadav, K.S.ThesisItem Open Access Treatment Of Uraemia In Cattle With Special Reference to water Electrolyte And ACID-BASE Corrections(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1984) Kulkarni, B.B; Tauro, P.