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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Impact of planting time on the performance of Lilium cultivars under Western Haryana(CCSHAU, 2019) Sonu Kumar; Dahiya, D. S.The present investigation entitled, “Impact of planting time on the performance of Lilium cultivars under western Haryana” was carried out under polyhouse conditions during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Farmer Field in village Bugana of district Hisar (Haryana). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (factorial) consisting of 35 treatment combinations of five planting dates viz., 13th October, 20th October, 27th October, 3rd November, 10th November and seven genotypes namely „Cab Dazzle‟, „Richmond‟, „Nello‟, „Tresor‟, „Litouwen‟, „All Choice‟ and „Arbatax‟. Among different planting dates, 20th October- D2 gave best results for plant height (108.71 cm), stem length (76.98 cm), stem diameter (8.45 mm), number of leaves per plant (71.68) and number of flower buds per plant (3.65). However, 13th October- D1 gave best results for days to bulbs sprouting (6.98), Number of bulbs per plant (1.19), weight of bubs per plant (35.13 g) and benefit to cost (1.53). Among the genotypes, Tresor- G4 gave best results for plant height (111.42 cm), stem length (80.38 cm), stem diameter (9.15 mm), number of leaves per plant (98.79) and number of flower buds per plant (4.46) and benefit to cost (1.43). However, All Choice- G6 gave best results for length of leaves (13.52 cm) and width of leaves (3.15 cm). Hence, it is concluded that planting of lilium on 20th October- D2 gave best results for most of the desirable growth and flowering parameters especially in Tresor- G4 genotype.ThesisItem Open Access Response of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield, Quality and Shelf life of Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. Kala Amritsari(CCSHAU, 2019) Mahantesh Kamatyanatti; Ashwani KumarA field experiment entitled “Response of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield, Quality and Shelf life of Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. Kala Amritsari”, conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Experimental Orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. It comprised of 11 treatment levels of plum in randamised block design with three replications. The main objectives were to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of plum, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on shelf life. Growth parameters of plum were significantly affected by the organic and inorganic fertilizer. The maximum increase in plant height (0.27 m), per cent increase in plant height (4.91 %), annual shoot growth (70.63 cm), leaf area (13.13 cm2) and chlorophyll index (23.88) was observed in the treatment T11: (75% of N + vermicompost + FYM + biofertilizers). The significantly higher fruit weight and yield was reported by the application of T11: (75% of N + vermicompost + FYM + biofertilizers) with 12.35 gm and 53.43 kg/tree, respectively. The maximum number of flowers/ feet of shoot (87.19), number of fruit set per feet of shoot (32.58), final fruit set (20.50%), per cent final fruit set (23.50%) in the treatment T11. The fruit physical and chemical parameters were found by the application of the treatment T11 with maximum polar diameter (2.43 cm), equator diameter (2.56 cm), fruit volume (17.03 cm3), stone weight (0.61 gm), pulp weight (11.74 gm), pulp to stone ratio (19.12), fruit firmness (4.01 kg/cm2), acidity (1.77 %) and reducing sugar (1.71 %) content. Whereas, maximum initial fruit set (38.30 %) reported in T9, but the maximum anthocyanin (17.01 %) and TSS (9.70 %) were found in T7: (75% of N + vermicompost + biofertilizers) and T6: (50 % of N + vermicompost + biofertilizers) respectively. The total sugar was recorded in T7 & T9 with (7.80 %) and reducing sugar was in both T4: (50 % of N + vermicompost) & T7: (75 % of N+ vermicompost + biofertilizers) with (6.12 %). The post harvest shelf life were found significantly higher in the treatment T11: (75 % of N + vermicompost + FYM + biofertilizers) with maximum fruit firmness, higher acidity and lower total sugar, TSS, physiological loss in weight and decay loss, followed by T10: (50 % of N + vermicompost + FYM + biofertilizers) and T9: (75 % of N + FYM + biofertilizers) while, the maximum anthocyanin was reported in T7: (75 % of N + vermicompost + biofertilizers). The leaf nutrient content was reported significantly maximum in the treatment T11 (viz., N (1.77 %), Mg (0.68 %), Fe (252.62 ppm), Ca (2.50 %), Cu (12.26 ppm) and Zn (25.99 ppm)), while treatment T9: (75% of N + FYM + biofertilizers) reported maximum leaf P (0.27%) and K (3.10 %) content over other treatments. The availability of soil nutrients viz., N (140.14 kg/ha), K (290.51 kg/ha), Fe (8.26 ppm) and Cu (0.75 ppm) were reported significantly higher in the treatment T11: (75% of N + vermicompost + FYM + biofertilizers). Whereas, the treatment T10: (50% of N + vermicompost + FYM + biofertilizers) was reported significantly higher Zn (2.50 ppm) content and the treatment T7: (75% of N + vermicompost + biofertilizers) reported maximum soil P and Mn, with 16.11 kg/ha and 5.91 ppm, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated nutrient management studies in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Hisar Surkha(CCSHAU, 2019) Sourabh; Sharma, J.R.The present investigation entitled “Integrated nutrient management studies in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Hisar Surkha” was carried out at experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Integrated soil application of biofertilizers consisted of Azotobacter and PSB in combination with vermicompost and FYM applied with 50%, 75% and 100% RDF in a RBD with three replications by taking one replication per plant on 4-year-old guava plants. 100% RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB proved most effective in improving growth parameters namely tree height, trunk girth, tree volume, fruit set, fruit retention and yield parameters viz. average fruit weight, number of fruits per tree and fruit yield per tree which was found at par with 100% RDF + FYM + Azotobacter + PSB. Number of seeds per fruit and weight of seeds per fruit was not significantly affected by different treatments. However, fruit quality parameters specifically TSS, acidity, TSS:Acid ratio, vitamin C content, pectin content, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were improved with 100% RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB. Shelf life of fruits increased with integrated use of 100% RDF with vermicompost and biofertilizers. Similarly, improved leaf N and P content; soil N, P content along with soil microbial biomass in terms of Azotobacter and PSB population was found with 100% RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB. However, no significant effect was observed on leaf micronutrient content (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn), soil pH, EC, organic carbon and available K.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of soil and foliar application of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin(CCSHAU, 2019) Vijay; Rana, G.S.The present investigation entitled ―Studies on the effect of soil and foliar application of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin‖ was carried out at experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Soil application of biofertilizers consisted of three biofertilizer strains (Azotobacter chroococcum Mac 27, Azotobacter chroococcum HT 54 and Pseudomonas P36) and their combinations applied with 75% and 100% RDF in a RBD with three replications by taking one replication per plant on 10-year-old Kinnow plants raised on rough lemon rootstock. 100% RDF + Azotobacter chroococcum Mac 27 + Pseudomonas P36 proved most effective in improving growth parameters and yield which was found at par with 100% RDF + Azotobacter chroococcum HT 54 + Pseudomonas P 36. Average fruit weight was not significantly affected by biofertilizers as soil application. However, fruit quality parameters were improved with 100% RDF + Azotobacterchroococcum HT 54 + Pseudomonas P 36 treatment. Rind thickness increased with soil application of biofertilizers. Similarly, improved leaf N and P content; soil N, P, Zn, Fe, Mn content along with soil microbial biomass was found with 100% RDF + Azotobacter chroococcum Mac 27 + Pseudomonas P 36. However, no significant effect was observed on soil pH, EC, available K and Cu. Foliar application biofertilizer strains (Azotobacter chroococcum Mac 27, Azotobacter chroococcum HT 54, COJ1 and COJ5) was applied with 75% and 100% RDF during March 3rd week. 100% RDF + COJ5 (bacterial isolate) proved most effective in improving Kinnow growth charaters and yield which was found at par with 100% RDF + COJ1 (bacterial isolate). Average fruit weight was not significantly affected by biofertilizers as foliar application. Fruit quality was found superior with 100% RDF + COJ5 (bacterial isolate) treatment. Rind thickness increased with foliar application of biofertilizers, whereas no significant effect was observed on number of seeds per fruit. Soil properties in terms of soil pH, EC, available N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were non significant. Leaf N content and phyllosphere microbial population were found highest with 100% RDF + COJ5 (bacterial isolate).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) under drip system(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja Rani; Batra, V.K.The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on growth, yield and quality of onion. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot Design with sixteen treatment combinations comprised of four levels of drip irrigation (60, 80, 100 and 120% CPE) as main plots and four levels of nitrogen fertigation (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) as sub plots and one control treatment replicated thrice. The seven to eight week old seedlings of onion cv. Hisar Onion 4 were transplanted at 15 x 10 cm spacing during the first week of January in both years The growth parameters, i.e., plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and days to maturity were recorded maximum under drip irrigation at 120% CPE as compared to other levels of drip irrigation, whereas the all yield and quality parameters were recorded maximum with drip irrigation at 100% CPE as compared to other levels of irrigation except that neck thickness, fresh and dry weight of leaves, split bulbs, bolting percentage and unmarketable bulb yield. However, maximum water use efficiency (59.20 and 60.60 kg/ha/mm) was recorded with the drip irrigation 60% CPE as compared to other high levels of drip irrigation. Among the different levels of nitrogen fertigation, all growth parameters were observed maximum with 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation as compared to other levels of nitrogen fertigation. Yield and quality parameters were recorded higher under 125 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation, whereas nitrogen use efficiency (263.53 and 259.80 kg/ha, resp.) was found highest with the fertigation of 75 kg nitrogen as compared to rest of fertigation treatments in both yea` Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertigation also significantly affected the almost all growth, yield and quality paramete` The highest benefit cost ratio (3.35 and 3.62) was obtained from drip irrigation at 100% CPE and 125 kg/ha nitrogen, while the lowest benefit cost ratio (1.60 and 1.61) was found at 60% CPE with 75 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation during both years, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of irrigation levels and plant density on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of gladiolus(CCSHAU, 2018) Prince; Dahiya, D.S.The experiment comprising of five irrigation levelsand four plant density as treatments in different combinations was conducted atPrecision Farming Development Centre of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17to find out the most effective irrigation level and plant density for gladiolus and to study the effect of irrigation levels and plant density on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of gladiolus. The data were recorded ondays to initiation of sprouting, per cent sprouting, plant height, number of leaves per plant, days taken for emergence of spike, days taken to showing colour of basal floret, days taken to opening of basal floret and fifth floret, length of spike and rachis, number of florets per spike, number of corms per plant, weight of corms per plant, diameter of corm, number of cormels per plant, weight of cormels per plant, water uptake, transpirational loss, diameter of first and fifth floret, weight of spike, vase life of spike, pH of the vase solution and number of the florets opened and unopened. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using Randomized Block Design (factorial).The days toinitiation of sprouting and per cent sproutingwere found non-significant. Theplant height, length of spike, length of rachis, number of florets per spike, water uptake and transpirational loss by spikes and number of florets opened during the vase life period were registered maximum under the treatment of12 mm water applied after 10 mm of CPE irrigation level with the plant density of 32 plants/m2, while the number of leaves per plant, diameter of basal and fifth floret, number of corms and cormels per plant, weight of corms and cormels per plant, diameter of corm, diameter of first and fifth floret during vase life period, weight of spike and vase life of gladiolus spikes were recorded maximum under 12 mm water applied after 10 mm of CPE irrigation level with the plant density of 20 plants/m2.The days taken for emergence of spike, showing colour of basal floret and opening of first and fifth floretwerenoted minimum at lowest level of irrigation in combination with plant density of 20 plants/m2.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Blood Red(CCSHAU, 2018) Bhanukar, Manoj; Rana, G.S.The experiment entitled “Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Blood Red” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the years 2016 & 2017 to find out the best concentration of foliar application of different micronutrients and soil application of zinc sulphate in improvement of growth, yield, quality and nutrient status of leaves. The treatments comprising thirteen foliar application of micronutrients and six zinc sulphate soil application were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 6.0 x 6.0 m separately. The data were recorded on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different levels of micronutrients applied as foliar and soil application. In foliar application of micronutrients experiment, the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant spread, height, final fruit retention and minimum fruit drop were recorded with ZnSO4 1.00%. The maximum total chlorophyll content and minimum carotenoid content was observed with FeSO4 2.5%. The yield parameters viz. fruit weight, length, breadth, number of fruits per tree and yield were recorded maximum with foliar application of ZnSO4 1.00% whereas; rind thickness and number of seeds per fruit were found non-significant. The quality parameters viz. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid were found maximum with foliar application of ZnSO4 1.00% and acidity was found nonsignificant. The nutrient status of leaves was affected significantly with foliar application of micronutrients during may, september and november. The maximum of leaf zinc, iron, manganese and boron content were recorded with ZnSO4 1.00%, FeSO4 2.5%, MnSO4 1.00% and H3BO3 0.3% . In soil application of zinc sulphate experiment, the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant spread, height, number of flowers per twig, initial fruit set, final fruit retention, total chlorophyll conent and minimum fruit drop, carotenoid content were recorded with ZnSO4 250 g/plant. The yield parameters viz. fruit weight, length, breadth, number of fruits per tree and yield were recorded maximum with soil application of ZnSO4 250 g/plant whereas; rind thickness and number of seeds per fruit were found non-significant. The quality parameters viz. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid were found maximum with soil application of ZnSO4 250 g/plant and acidity was found nonsignificant. The zinc content of leaves was affected significantly with soil application of zinc sulphate during march, may, september and november. The maximum of leaf zinc content was recorded with ZnSO4 250 g/plant whereas; leaf iron, manganese and boron content were not affected significantly.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on canopy management in high density planting of guava (Psidium guajava L.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Tripathi, Anjali; Sehrawat, S.K.The present investigation entitled “Studies on canopy management in high density planting of guava (Psidium gujava L.)” was carried out at experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2016-2017. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 18 treatments i.e. nine different plant spacings 6×2 m, 6×3 m, 6×4 m, 6×5 m, 5×2 m, 5×3 m, 5×4 m, 5×5 m, 6×6 m and two levels of pruning no pruning and 50 per cent shoot pruning of last season growth. The present investigation clearly revealed that 50 per cent shoot pruning of last season growth under high density planting was effective practice to manage the plant canopy, increased yield per unit area and better the fruit quality. Findings revealed that solar radiation interception significantly increased with increasing the plant spacings and pruning levels. Similarly, with increase in plant spacing and pruning level, canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence were increased whereas relative humidity decreased during both the seasons. Solar radiation interception and microclimate parameters (canopy temperature and relative humidity) were significantly affected by the different parts of tree canopy. Upper part of canopy intercepted more solar radiation and canopy temperature and minimum relative humidity was found in upper part of canopy as compared to all other part of canopy. Plant growth parameters like tree trunk cross sectional area, tree spread, canopy volume and shoot length were also found maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) plant and minimum was found in closer spacing (5×2 m) and pruned trees, while maximum tree height recorded in closed spacing and non pruned trees and minimum tree height was observed in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ content of leaf were found maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees while maximum leaf area and leaf area index was recorded in closer spacing (5× 2 m). Maximum fruit set, fruit retention percentage and minimum fruit drop were recorded in wider spacing (6× 6 m) and pruned trees. Maximum flower bud density, number of fruits/tree, fruit weight and fruit size, yield/tree were also observed maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) while yield per hectare (tonnes) was recorded maximum in closer spacing (5×2 m). Pruning was proved effective practice to increase the productivity during winter season. Fruit firmness, TSS, total sugar and ascorbic acid content of fruits was observed maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees during both the seasons, whereas acidity content found minimum in fruits harvested from wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees. Fruit firmness, TSS, total sugar and ascorbic acid content of fruits were found significantly higher in upper part of canopy as compared to middle and lower part of canopy during both the seasons. NPK content of leaf was observed maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees. Thus 50% shoot pruning during April was found most effective practice to manage the microclimate factors, plant growth and increased the productivity of closer spacing trees (5×2 m) during winter season and improved the quality of fruits during both the seasons.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nutrient, bulb size, spacing and planting method on flowering and yield of tuberose(Polianthes tuberosa L.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Nain, Sheena; Beniwal, B.S.The present investigation “Effect of nutrient, bulb size, spacing and planting method on flowering and yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)” cv. Prajwal was carried out at Experiment farm of Department of Horticulture during the year 2016-17 and at Botanical garden of Department of Plant Physiology, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2017-18. Two individual experiments were laid out. In first experiment, four levels of nitrogen (0, 10, 15, & 20 g/m2) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 5 and 10 g/m2 ) were applied, while in second experiment three bulb size (0.5-1.5, 1.5-2.5 and 2.5-3.5 cm), two levels of spacing (20×20 and 30×30 cm) and two planting method (flat bed and ridge) were applied. Both the experiments were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on various growth, flowering and yield parameters. The Statistical analysis of data of first experiment revealed that better results in terms of growth, flowering, spike yield and bulb yield of tuberose were found when nitrogen @ 20g/m2 with phosphorus @ 10g/m2 was applied. In second experiment, large bulb size of diameter (2.5-3.5 cm) at wider spacing (30x30 cm) on ridge planting showed better results in terms of growth and flowering in tuberose, while large bulb size of diameter (2.5-3.5 cm) at closer spacing (20x20 cm) on ridge showed the better results in terms of plant height, spike per plot, spike per hectare and bulb yield during both the years of study.