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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Feasibility of fruit plant nursery as an enterprise For rural women(CCSHAU, 2010) Geeta; Seema RaniFor assessing the feasibility of fruit plant nursery as an enterprise for rural women, two blocks i.e. Jind and Pillukhera of Jind district were selected randomly. Out of the selected blocks two villages namely Lohachab and Pillukhera were selected at random. A sample of 100 respondents i.e. 50 from each village was drawn and 15 women respondents from each selected village were selected randomly who were interested to undertake training on fruit plant nursery. Various socio-personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constituted the independent variables and knowledge, attitude, skill and acceptability constituted the dependent variables for the study. Data were collected with the help of pre-tested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentages, paired ‘t’ test mean score and correlation. The study revealed that most of the respondents were of younger and lower middle age group, illiterate, married and having medium family education status, joint family having members (5-6). Farming was their main occupation. The annual income was between Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 60,000 belonging to middle caste with negligible social participation, marginal sized land holding, owning mixed house and having small herd size. Change proneness, risk orientation and economic motivation were of medium level. Most of the decisions in intra family as well as in entrepreneurial activities were taken by husbands followed by joint decisions. Most of the respondents were having low mass media exposure and medium localite source of information and low cosmopolite sources of information were utilized. The general awareness of most of the respondents regarding fruit plant nursery was of moderate level, however, awareness was high at post-exposure level. Maximum number of the respondents of pooled sample found the fruit plant nursery technology culturally compatible, observable, simplicity/complexity, relatively advantageous and triable. Respondents succeeded in acquiring knowledge at post exposure level in all the components of fruit plant nursery viz. uses and nutritive value, bed/soil requirement, varieties, nursery bed preparation, marketing and economic value. The respondents succeeded in change their attitude at post exposure. The respondents acquired skill of medium level after exposure of training for fruit plant nursery. Impact of fruit plant nursery was found to be moderately high. It is moderately high symbolic adoption for income generation. Overall acceptability of fruit plant nursery was of moderate level. Personal and economic constraints were perceived as the main constraints than social, educational and physical constraints in adoption of nursery raising of fruit plants. Knowledge was significantly correlated with land holding, income and risk orientation while attitude was found significantly and positively correlated with age, education, land holding and risk orientation.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of perceptual health risk communication(2011) Soni, Uma; Yadav, BeenaThe study was conducted in Haryana and Rajasthan taking a total sample of 200 respondents equally drawn from two villages and two slum areas of each of the state having equal number of male and female respondents (100 each). The data were collected with the help of the well structured interview schedule about the five risk oriented health habits identified by the judges. Maximum number of the respondents belonged to the young age group (20 to 35 years), were illiterate, from nuclear and medium size families ,belonged to low caste, engaged in labour work, drawing monthly family income between Rs. 3500 to 7000 ,were landless, exhibited high risk orientation but low change proneness. It was reported that poor environmental health habits were prevalent among maximum number of the respondents followed by drinking alcohol, using tobacco, poor eating habits and personal health habits. Use of tobacco was prevalent among more respondents as compared to drinking alcohol but in terms of extent, drinking alcohol was ranked first indicating the more frequent and regular drinking of alcohol than use of tobacco. Rajasthan had significantly higher number of respondents who were chewing tobacco than Haryana. Habit of smoking was significantly higher in male respondents (78.0%) as compared to female respondents (13.0%). A vast majority of male respondents were drinking alcohol (80.0%) compared to negligible number of female respondents while (4.0%) were not washing hands regularly and this habit was more prevalent in male respondents (42.0%) than females (35%). More women were involved in water polluting activities like washing clothes near water bodies (58.0%) as compared to men (40%). The impact of using tobacco on health was perceived serious by most of the respondents .Various health hazards/ consequences were also perceived due to selected risk oriented health habits which were lung cancer, liver cancer, skin infection, asthma, malaria typhoid, blockage of drainage system, underweight and blindness. Extent of perceived hazards/consequences was maximum for drinking alcohol followed by tobacco consumption, poor eating habits, environment polluting habits and personal habits.ThesisItem Open Access Feasibility of fruit and vegetable processing as an enterprise for women(CCSHAU, 2011) Batra, Payal; Varma, Shashi KantaFor assessing the feasibility of food and vegetable processing unit as an enterprise for rural women, two blocks i.e. Adampur and Barwala of Hisar district were selected randomly. Out of the selected blocks two villages namely Siswal and Dhani Premnagar were selected randomly. A sample of 100 respondents i.e. 50 from each village was drawn and 25 women respondents from each selected village were selected randomly who were interested to undertake training on food processing. Various socio-personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constituted the independent variables and awareness, knowledge, impact assessment, attitude, symbolic adoption, skill and acceptability constituted the dependent variables for the study. Data were collected with the help of pre-tested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentages, paired ‘t’ test mean score and correlation. The study revealed that most of the respondents were of younger age group, illiterate, married had medium family education status having nuclear families of medium size had farming as their main occupation belong to middle caste, negligible social participation and having pucca type of houses had low annual income, marginal land holding having small herd size, low material possession and had high level of transportation. Majority of the respondents had medium change proneness, medium and high risk orientation and high economic motivation level. Most of the respondents took joint decision in family and entrepreneurial decision followed by the decision taken by husband. Most of the respondents were having low mass media exposure and high localite source of information and low cosmopolite sources of information were utilized. The general awareness of most of the respondents regarding food processing was of moderate level, however, awareness was high at post-exposure level. Maximum number of the respondents of pooled sample found the food processing technology simple, relatively advantageous trialable, observable, and culturally compatible. Sufficient gain in knowledge regarding food processing was recorded for sub-components of need for preservation, methods of preservation, important points to be kept in mind while preserving and methods of making pickles, preserve, sauce, potato chips and squashes. The respondents succeeded in change their attitude at post exposure in both of the village and succeeded in acquiring more skills with respect to all the aspects food processing. The respondents had moderately high level of symbolic adoption and willing to adopt food processing as an enterprise with somewhat difficulty. The Overall acceptability of food processing was of moderately high level. Personal and physical constraints were perceived as the main constraints in adoption of food processing. Knowledge was significantly correlated with land holding, income and risk orientation while attitude was found significantly and positively correlated with age, education, land holding and risk orientation. It was found that the obtained benefit-cost ratio in all the three cases mengo, green chilli and lemon is greater than one, hence it shows that the investment in the selected units is considered to be economically viable.ThesisItem Open Access Feasibility of dairy farming as an enterprise for women(CCSHAU, 2011) Saroj Kumari; Sethi, NishiPresent study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state, purposively. From Hisar district, two blocks Adampur and Hisar-I were selected randomly. From selected blocks two villages, namely, Siswal from Adampur and Dabra from Hisar-1 were selected by random technique. From each selected village, fifty women were selected randomly, thus making total sample of 100 women. From selected villages, 20 women who were interested for training on dairy farming were selected purposively. A set of 20 independent variables and three dependent variables were selected. Need assessment, impact of training and feasibility were selected as dependent variables. Need assessment was assessed in terms of frequency, importance, difficulty and knowledge. Impact of training was assessed in terms of dairy farm women i.e. gain in knowledge, change in attitude and symbolic adoption. The collected data was quantified and interpreted by using suitable statistical tools. Majority of the respondents belonged to young age group, illiterate and joint family of medium size. Majority of respondents were doing farming and annual income belonged to medium category (40,000-60,000) and had small herd size. Most of the respondents (25%) had medium land holding and lived in a pacca house, respondents had high level of change proneness and medium risk orientation. Majority of intra family and entrepreneurial decisions were by husbands. Most of the respondents had low mass media exposure and had medium level of information source utilization. Training was resulting in significant knowledge gain, favourable change in attitude and symbolic adoption of dairy farming was observed as medium to high in majority of respondents. Dependent variables milking and milk product preparation, deworming, care and management of calves, breeding, post parturition care, marketing and bedding was found significantly correlated with independent variables. All the selected independent variable were non significantly correlated with watering wallowing and bathing, housing management of cattle shed, animal health, milking and milk product preparation and farm management and accounting. The comparison of knowledge gain and change in attitude of two villages indicated that there was no significant difference between village Dabra and Siswal.ThesisItem Open Access Capacity Building of scheduled caste rural women through pickling of seasonal vegetables(CCSHAU, 2012) Gupta, Mansi; Mehta, SudershanFor capacity building of Scheduled caste rural women through pickling of seasonal vegetables, two blocks of Hisar district : Hisar-I and Hansi-I were selected randomly. Out of the selected blocks two villages: Patan (Hisar-I ) and Ramayan (Hansi-I) were selected randomly. To study the consumption pattern of seasonal vegetables by SC rural women, a list of all the scheduled caste families from both the villages was prepared separately. According to the list there were 116 and 54 SC families in the Ramayan and Patan villages respectively. Women member from all the families were interviewed. Out of the total families from both the villages, 20 interested women per village were selected to form two groups. Thus, there were 40 women into two groups. Two trainings, 6 days each for the respondents of both the villages were organized. The study revealed that most of the respondents were below 25 years age, married, primary educated, had joint family of medium size, no land, medium material possession, low level of family education, were agricultural labourers and earn between Rs. 5,001-10000 monthly. Majority of the respondents had low social participation, extension personnel contact and mass media exposure, medium entrepreneurial motivation, risk orientation and economic motivation. Regarding consumption pattern of vegetables, majority of the respondents consume roots and tubers daily followed by green leafy vegetables and other vegetables twice in week, for health benefits and procure all the vegetables from the market. Impact of training was assessed in terms of gain in knowledge, change in attitude and dissemination of the technology. Results revealed that more than half of the respondents were having medium knowledge gain and attitude change (57.50% and 55.00%, respectively). In the case of dissemination of the technology, it was found that 47.50 and 45.00 per cent respondents demonstrated 1-3 and 4-6 types of pickles to other SC ladies. Overall impact of the training was found to be of moderate level. After training 40.00 respondents had medium symbolic adoption. Most of the respondents reported all the pickles (except amla ) simple, triable and cultural compatible. Cent per cent respondents adopted one or the other type of pickle but for the household consumption. Marketing of pickles and shortage of time were perceived as the main constraints in adoption of pickling enterprise for income generation.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and utilization of R.T.I. in higher educational institutions(CCSHAU, 2012) Santosh Rani; Goel, RitaThe right to information Bill, 2005 was passed by Lok Sabha on 11 may, 2005 and by the Rajya Sabha on12 th May, 2005 and it received the assent on 15 June, 2005 bythe president of India. It has been notified on 21 st June, 2005 in Gazette of India and it came into force on 120 th days of its enactment i.e. 12 th October, 2005. The path of fast speed of economic development, best quality of democratic and controlto corruption pass way from successful applicationof RTI Act. RTI Act is not an extra tool or law but is an option to make the strong base and root of country. The systematic studies about RTI in the employed sector of educational institutes are rare. This study will be helpful to bring the transparency and accountability in working of educational institutes and will help in making some amendments in RTI act to policy makers.Taking this in view; it was decided to study the “knowledge and utilizationof RTI in higher educational institutions. “The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar district of Haryana state because the two universities required for study are situated in this district. There are two universities in Hisar district where thousands of employees work daily i.e. Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology andChaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. A list of staff used RTI was collected from RTI in-charge of each University. Total 80 users (40 from each University) and 50 providers (25 from each university) have been selected randomly from the available list of University irrespective of gender, nature of job, type of department etc. Considering the relevancy and suitability of the variables for present study, two set of independent (33 variables) and one set of dependent (3 variables) variables were selected for the present investigation. Results indicated that maximum RTI users had taken single promotion, satisfied with workmates and superiors in their departments, used RTI with theirown name, in year 2010, received information within one to two weeks, main purpose for RTI was service matters, paid Rs.50/-as fees per application, asked the information from records, received information within first application, asked the questions in range of 4-5. Further results observed that majority RTI users received information in English language, information was incomplete, moderately satisfied from received information and opinion about RTI act was successful and transparency tool. Majority of RTI users faced the constraints regarding misleading and incomplete information followed by lack of satisfaction, lack of knowledge, vague information etc. On the other hand, it was reported that maximum RTI providers were on scientific posts and unit-in charge in the institutions of both the universitiesand they worked for more than one year to two years as RTI providers. The study further indicated that they mostly provided the information for service matters in English language. 66% RTI providers received the training regarding Right to information Act in both the universities and mostly received training for one day. 86% RTI providers attended the seminar/workshop/meeting related to RTI for one day. Most commonly RTI provider’s perception about RTI Act was that this act is ground for non–corruption. They provided the information from records to RTI applicants by- hand. 26% RTI providers rejected the RTI applications for irrelevant questions as reason for rejection in both the universities. Majority of RTI providers handled applications in between range of 21-50 in both the universities and mostly were happy with their working as a provider. Majority of RTI providers faced the problem of irrelevant questions, incomplete questions and non availability of records.ThesisItem Open Access Awareness and Utilization of Provisions of National Food Security Bill among Beneficiaries(CCSHAU, 2015) Diksha; Kaushik, SushmaThe present investigation was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state. Three urban and three rural Fair Price Shops were selected randomly and from each selected FPS, 25 beneficiaries were selected randomly, thus making a total sample of 150 beneficiaries, Well-structured interview schedule was constructed separately for FPSs and beneficiaries for data collection. A set of 16 independent and 3 dependent variables were selected for investigation. Result revealed that most of respondents were from poor socio- economic background and had low mass media exposure and extension contacts. Majority of respondents had medium awareness regarding objectives, commodities available and display information while large majority of respondents had low awareness regarding eligibility criteria for PDS/FSB. Distance of the PDS lied within the range of 2 km and opened for less than 10 days. Majority of respondents availed wheat always, pulses and sugar sometime, while majority never availed kerosene, rice and coarse grains. The major reason for not availing the commodities was ‘ration dealer refused’ and ‘grain didn’t reach FPS’. The mandatory information to be displayed outside FPS was not actually displayed, the opening days were not fixed and announcement regarding opening was not made. Quality of grain and regularity of supply was same as five years back, but the quantity had decreased. Majority viewed that PDS/FSB very important and were reasonably satisfied with the functioning of PDS/FSB. The economics of Fair Price Shops revealed that when the mode of income of FPS dealer was fixed salary, they were earning amore monthly income as compared commission. It was also found that those shops which had more number of ration cards attached to them earned more profits. Major constraints reported by FPS dealers were low commission and inadequate storage space, while the constraints reported by beneficiaries were ‘short weighment” by FPS dealers’, followed by “fake entries made in the ration card by the dealer’, ‘irregular supply of ration’ and ‘shops not opened everyday’. Awareness regarding PDS/FSB was found significantly and positively co-related with education of respondents, head of household and family occupation. Family income was found negatively and significantly co-related while family size and education of respondents were found significantly and positively co-related with utilization of PDS/FSB.ThesisItem Open Access Drudgery of women in paddy cultivation(CCSHAU, 2015) Anshu; Varma, S. K.Women play a significant and crucial role in agricultural development and allied fields. It is most unfortunate that the role of women in agriculture has not yet been highlighted in India. They still remain as invisible workers. It has been observed that more than 75 percent women are involved in activities like winnowing, weeding, grading, threshing and cleaning of field farm operations. The physical strain of female farmers seems to be too high because of heavy work tasks of various activities done by them in agriculture and allied field. The study entitled, “Drudgery of Women in Paddy Cultivation” was conducted by covering Kurukshetra district, study sample was 120 couples of various socio-economic status involved in paddy cultivation operations. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the decisions related to farm were taken by husbands only, decisions related to home were taken jointly by both husband and wife. Majority of the decision related to religious ritual were taken jointly by both husband and wife and majority of the decisions related to finance were taken by husband only. The knowledge of the respondents regarding modern paddy cultivation operation was low in Ladwa Block. The study revealed that the average workload of men and women of low socio-economic strata were higher than those of medium and high socio-economic strata, in most of the operations. It may therefore, be inferred that landless women and men performed more work in paddy cultivation than the women and men of medium and high socio-economic strata. On an average, women devote more time in household activities irrespective of their socio-economic strata. Four operations viz; transplanting, uprooting of seedlings, threshing and harvesting are such which are performed by men and women both. The heavy pre-occupations in these four operations of paddy cultivation have resulted in much higher contribution of labour by women than men. Most drudgery prone tasks or operations are performed by women. The results although appear to lend support that most drudgery ridden tasks are assigned to women because of the male dominated social order. The total drudgery taken up by women was almost equal to men. Thus, it may be inferred that women more drudgery prone operation are performed almost equally by women. Profile of the respondents indicate that different socio-economic variables like age, caste, education, occupation, land holding showed significant relationship with involvement pattern and drudgery of the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort in carrying head load by rural women and combating through ergo solutions(CCSHAU, 2014) Aprajita Kumari; Gandhi, SudeshRural women in Haryana carry heavy loads on their head fetching fuel, fodder and water covering long distances over wavy and undulated paths. This causes fatigue and discomfort to the worker resulting in low work efficiency along with deterioration of her health. Hence, the present study attempts to determine the work profile of rural women carrying head load and health hazards faced by them. The study was conducted in three phases. In phase I, field survey was done on 100 rural women respondents to study the work profile and health hazards in load carrying activities. In phase II, field experiment was done on 10 subjects to know the details of load carried on head, the ergonomic assessment of carrying fuel wood as head load by rural women and WMSDs faced by them. In phase III, the head load manager (HLM) developed by Mrunalini, 2011 was given as an ergo solution for its feasibility testing in reducing the WMSDs. Results reveal that rural women worked for an average of 14.5 hr/day, spending about one-third share for load carrying related activities (5.24 hr/day). Seasonal variations occurred in fetching fuel, fodder and water. Frequency of lifting water was more in summer, fuel in winter and fodder in rainy season. Main reasons behind carrying head load were their family needs and no other choice. Majority of them were facing the problem of backache for more number of days. Problem of miscarriage was prevalent in the sample as 40% of them faced it either once, twice or even thrice. They adopted bad ergonomic posture while lifting and carrying loads i.e. bending their back while lifting (92%) and continuous raising of both the hands above shoulder level while carrying loads (97%). All of them felt exhausted after performing the load carrying activity and used to have certain level of discomfort in different body parts which were temporary for majority of them. Fodder was found to be the heaviest load among all the materials (42.8 kg). They walked for 4.1 km with a speed of 3.4 km/hr spending 2.6 hr with such a heavy load on their head. They carried green fodder which was 81% of their body weight followed by fuel (71%), water pot (49%) and dung pot (34%). Materials lifted on head were having different shapes, area, volume and density. The dry fodder of cylindrical shape had highest volume (0.7 m 3 ) as well as surface area. Ergonomic assessment showed a significant increase in pulse rate (27.9 b.min-1), HR (51.7 b.min-1), EE (8.32 kJ.min-1) whereas there was decrease in the exhale capacity of lungs (10.2 lit.min-1). On RPE, load carrying was perceived as moderately heavy activity (3.01), load lifting as light activity and load landing as very light activity. Grip strength reduced after performing the activity. There was deviation in spinal angle in terms of lumbar region by 2.7 percent and cervical region by 2.1 percent during carrying the load on head. REBA and OWAS postural while load carrying part was critical involving high risk in the adopted posture and needed an immediate correction in the posture. BPDS in carrying head load was highest in the low back, head, mid back, neck, upper arms and feet. Hence, Head Load Manager developed by Mrunalini, 2011 was used as an ergo solution and tested for its feasibility in reducing the WMSD while carrying head load. Its ergonomic evaluation revealed that it was effective in reducing the physiological and biomechanical stress and WMSDs but discomfort at shoulders increased. User’s assessment envisages that the HLM needed modifications to make it user-friendly. Accordingly, the modifications were made on the basis of anthropometric dimensions of Haryana rural women, load dimensions and user’s opinion. The modified product was renamed as Head Load Carrier. Its prototype model was made from cane but other materials were also sought for its development at local level. Hence, ANSYS (simulating software) was used to compare Al-alloy and ABS material to find out the better one on the basis of weight, durability and cost. ABS material was found appropriate for being lighter in weight, low cost and more durable, hence, recommended for development of HLC at local level.