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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Capacity Building of scheduled caste rural women through pickling of seasonal vegetables(CCSHAU, 2012) Gupta, Mansi; Mehta, SudershanFor capacity building of Scheduled caste rural women through pickling of seasonal vegetables, two blocks of Hisar district : Hisar-I and Hansi-I were selected randomly. Out of the selected blocks two villages: Patan (Hisar-I ) and Ramayan (Hansi-I) were selected randomly. To study the consumption pattern of seasonal vegetables by SC rural women, a list of all the scheduled caste families from both the villages was prepared separately. According to the list there were 116 and 54 SC families in the Ramayan and Patan villages respectively. Women member from all the families were interviewed. Out of the total families from both the villages, 20 interested women per village were selected to form two groups. Thus, there were 40 women into two groups. Two trainings, 6 days each for the respondents of both the villages were organized. The study revealed that most of the respondents were below 25 years age, married, primary educated, had joint family of medium size, no land, medium material possession, low level of family education, were agricultural labourers and earn between Rs. 5,001-10000 monthly. Majority of the respondents had low social participation, extension personnel contact and mass media exposure, medium entrepreneurial motivation, risk orientation and economic motivation. Regarding consumption pattern of vegetables, majority of the respondents consume roots and tubers daily followed by green leafy vegetables and other vegetables twice in week, for health benefits and procure all the vegetables from the market. Impact of training was assessed in terms of gain in knowledge, change in attitude and dissemination of the technology. Results revealed that more than half of the respondents were having medium knowledge gain and attitude change (57.50% and 55.00%, respectively). In the case of dissemination of the technology, it was found that 47.50 and 45.00 per cent respondents demonstrated 1-3 and 4-6 types of pickles to other SC ladies. Overall impact of the training was found to be of moderate level. After training 40.00 respondents had medium symbolic adoption. Most of the respondents reported all the pickles (except amla ) simple, triable and cultural compatible. Cent per cent respondents adopted one or the other type of pickle but for the household consumption. Marketing of pickles and shortage of time were perceived as the main constraints in adoption of pickling enterprise for income generation.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and utilization of R.T.I. in higher educational institutions(CCSHAU, 2012) Santosh Rani; Goel, RitaThe right to information Bill, 2005 was passed by Lok Sabha on 11 may, 2005 and by the Rajya Sabha on12 th May, 2005 and it received the assent on 15 June, 2005 bythe president of India. It has been notified on 21 st June, 2005 in Gazette of India and it came into force on 120 th days of its enactment i.e. 12 th October, 2005. The path of fast speed of economic development, best quality of democratic and controlto corruption pass way from successful applicationof RTI Act. RTI Act is not an extra tool or law but is an option to make the strong base and root of country. The systematic studies about RTI in the employed sector of educational institutes are rare. This study will be helpful to bring the transparency and accountability in working of educational institutes and will help in making some amendments in RTI act to policy makers.Taking this in view; it was decided to study the “knowledge and utilizationof RTI in higher educational institutions. “The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar district of Haryana state because the two universities required for study are situated in this district. There are two universities in Hisar district where thousands of employees work daily i.e. Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology andChaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. A list of staff used RTI was collected from RTI in-charge of each University. Total 80 users (40 from each University) and 50 providers (25 from each university) have been selected randomly from the available list of University irrespective of gender, nature of job, type of department etc. Considering the relevancy and suitability of the variables for present study, two set of independent (33 variables) and one set of dependent (3 variables) variables were selected for the present investigation. Results indicated that maximum RTI users had taken single promotion, satisfied with workmates and superiors in their departments, used RTI with theirown name, in year 2010, received information within one to two weeks, main purpose for RTI was service matters, paid Rs.50/-as fees per application, asked the information from records, received information within first application, asked the questions in range of 4-5. Further results observed that majority RTI users received information in English language, information was incomplete, moderately satisfied from received information and opinion about RTI act was successful and transparency tool. Majority of RTI users faced the constraints regarding misleading and incomplete information followed by lack of satisfaction, lack of knowledge, vague information etc. On the other hand, it was reported that maximum RTI providers were on scientific posts and unit-in charge in the institutions of both the universitiesand they worked for more than one year to two years as RTI providers. The study further indicated that they mostly provided the information for service matters in English language. 66% RTI providers received the training regarding Right to information Act in both the universities and mostly received training for one day. 86% RTI providers attended the seminar/workshop/meeting related to RTI for one day. Most commonly RTI provider’s perception about RTI Act was that this act is ground for non–corruption. They provided the information from records to RTI applicants by- hand. 26% RTI providers rejected the RTI applications for irrelevant questions as reason for rejection in both the universities. Majority of RTI providers handled applications in between range of 21-50 in both the universities and mostly were happy with their working as a provider. Majority of RTI providers faced the problem of irrelevant questions, incomplete questions and non availability of records.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort in carrying head load by rural women and combating through ergo solutions(CCSHAU, 2014) Aprajita Kumari; Gandhi, SudeshRural women in Haryana carry heavy loads on their head fetching fuel, fodder and water covering long distances over wavy and undulated paths. This causes fatigue and discomfort to the worker resulting in low work efficiency along with deterioration of her health. Hence, the present study attempts to determine the work profile of rural women carrying head load and health hazards faced by them. The study was conducted in three phases. In phase I, field survey was done on 100 rural women respondents to study the work profile and health hazards in load carrying activities. In phase II, field experiment was done on 10 subjects to know the details of load carried on head, the ergonomic assessment of carrying fuel wood as head load by rural women and WMSDs faced by them. In phase III, the head load manager (HLM) developed by Mrunalini, 2011 was given as an ergo solution for its feasibility testing in reducing the WMSDs. Results reveal that rural women worked for an average of 14.5 hr/day, spending about one-third share for load carrying related activities (5.24 hr/day). Seasonal variations occurred in fetching fuel, fodder and water. Frequency of lifting water was more in summer, fuel in winter and fodder in rainy season. Main reasons behind carrying head load were their family needs and no other choice. Majority of them were facing the problem of backache for more number of days. Problem of miscarriage was prevalent in the sample as 40% of them faced it either once, twice or even thrice. They adopted bad ergonomic posture while lifting and carrying loads i.e. bending their back while lifting (92%) and continuous raising of both the hands above shoulder level while carrying loads (97%). All of them felt exhausted after performing the load carrying activity and used to have certain level of discomfort in different body parts which were temporary for majority of them. Fodder was found to be the heaviest load among all the materials (42.8 kg). They walked for 4.1 km with a speed of 3.4 km/hr spending 2.6 hr with such a heavy load on their head. They carried green fodder which was 81% of their body weight followed by fuel (71%), water pot (49%) and dung pot (34%). Materials lifted on head were having different shapes, area, volume and density. The dry fodder of cylindrical shape had highest volume (0.7 m 3 ) as well as surface area. Ergonomic assessment showed a significant increase in pulse rate (27.9 b.min-1), HR (51.7 b.min-1), EE (8.32 kJ.min-1) whereas there was decrease in the exhale capacity of lungs (10.2 lit.min-1). On RPE, load carrying was perceived as moderately heavy activity (3.01), load lifting as light activity and load landing as very light activity. Grip strength reduced after performing the activity. There was deviation in spinal angle in terms of lumbar region by 2.7 percent and cervical region by 2.1 percent during carrying the load on head. REBA and OWAS postural while load carrying part was critical involving high risk in the adopted posture and needed an immediate correction in the posture. BPDS in carrying head load was highest in the low back, head, mid back, neck, upper arms and feet. Hence, Head Load Manager developed by Mrunalini, 2011 was used as an ergo solution and tested for its feasibility in reducing the WMSD while carrying head load. Its ergonomic evaluation revealed that it was effective in reducing the physiological and biomechanical stress and WMSDs but discomfort at shoulders increased. User’s assessment envisages that the HLM needed modifications to make it user-friendly. Accordingly, the modifications were made on the basis of anthropometric dimensions of Haryana rural women, load dimensions and user’s opinion. The modified product was renamed as Head Load Carrier. Its prototype model was made from cane but other materials were also sought for its development at local level. Hence, ANSYS (simulating software) was used to compare Al-alloy and ABS material to find out the better one on the basis of weight, durability and cost. ABS material was found appropriate for being lighter in weight, low cost and more durable, hence, recommended for development of HLC at local level.ThesisItem Open Access Use pattern of solar energy in rural households of district Hisar(CCSHAU, 2014) Komal; Singal, SavitaThe present study was conducted in two villages viz. Ludas and Patan of Hisar block II, district Hisar selected randomly, from the list of villages having one or more type of solar technologies, obtained from Project Officer, DRE. Study was conducted in three phases. Under first phase, data pertaining to extension approach adopted for promoting use of solar technologies under IREP was collected from Project Officer using interview schedule. Budget provided under IREP was shared on 50-50 basis by central and state governments. CPO/ADC, PO,APO were responsible for overall planning and implementation of programme at state level while TA, clerk and peon were responsible for motivating people, for installation of technologies and receiving complaints at district and village level. Subsidy upto 40-60 per cent provided under IREP. Payment mode was cash, cheque and demand draft. Only ration card was required as documentary proof while purchasing solar technologies. Nonavailability of driver and mechanic were the main constraints faced by the staff of IREP besides constraints related to beneficiaries. Under phase II, data pertaining to use pattern of solar technologies was collected by using, duly pretested, interview schedule. Respondents belonged to middle aged group (60.00%), were married (90.00%), housewives (87.00%) and educated uotp primary level (28.00%). Respondents were aware of CFL based solar lighting system (100%) and solar lantern (85.00%) but they had only CFL based solar lighting system (83.00%) and solar lantern (17.00%). Respondents (98.00%) bought their technologies under IREP in 2008-2009 (53.00%) for Rs. 5,000- 10,000, with 26-50 per cent subsidy. Respondents had maximum knowledge about parts and working principle of solar lighting system. Except three, all systems were in working condition. Few respondents had got their technologies repaired (20.00%). Respondents placed their lights in bed room (60.71%) and used solar lantern in field (88.24%). Respondents used light for 9-10 months (87.50%) and fan for 7-8 months (90.75%). Economic benefits ranked highest while technical benefits ranked lowest according to perception of respondents. Under constraints, technical constraints ranked highest while economic constraints were perceived at the lowest rank. Repairing needs ranked highest and economic needs ranked lowest. Under phase III, a booklet was prepared for creating awareness and promoting use of solar technologies in rural areas of district Hisar after discussion with Project Officer.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of educational schemes on scheduled caste girls(CCSHAU, 2013) Shailja; Yadav, BeenaOut of sev en distric ts o f Hary ana state with lo w f emale literacy (less th an 50%) as per 2001 c ensus , Hisa r and Fatehabad we re purpo siv ely selec ted. One blo c k f rom eac h distric t an d two Senio r Seco ndary Sc hoo ls f ro m eac h bloc k were selec ted rando mly . The sample c o nsisted o f 100 rando mly selec ted Sc heduled Caste (SC) g irls , the ir mo thers and 83 teac hers who were invo lv ed in teac hing the c lasses f ro m 8 t h to 12 t h (83). SC g irls rela ted v ariabl es inc luded in th e study were ag e, c aste, o rdinal po sit io n, ty pe & siz e o f f amily , mass media expo sure, ag e, sex & educ atio n of sibling s, dist anc e of sc hoo l f ro m ho me, mo de o f co nv ey anc e to sc hoo l and educ atio nal & pro f essio nal aspira tio ns. Par ents rela ted v ariab les were ag e, educ atio n and o c c upatio n of the paren ts, mo nthly f amily inco me, landho lding and paren tís at titu de to wards educ atio n o f g irl c hild. A g e, sex, c ast e, educ atio n, du rat io n o f po sting in the sel ec ted sc ho o l, distanc e o f sc hoo l f rom plac e of residenc e and a tt itude to wards educ atio n o f g irl c hild were inc l uded as teac hersí rel ated v ar iable s. Ut il iz atio n, kno wledg e and impac t o f educ atio nal sc hemes were depend ent v ar iable s. The SC studen ts o f c lasses 8 t h , 9 t h , 10 t h , 11 t h a nd 12 t h ha d rec eiv ed Rs. 15600, 19200, 22800, 2 6400 and Rs . 30000, respec tiv ely under mo nthly stipend sc heme. The c umulativ e c ash rec eiv ed by the SC g irls un der o ne time allo wanc e and mo nthly stipend sc heme was b etween Rs.22600 to Rs. 42800. Clas s- wise inf o rmatio n indic ated th at the studen ts o f c lass 8 t h had rec eiv ed Rs. 22,600 wi th 9 t h had rec eiv ed Rs. 27650, 10 t h Rs . 32700 , 11 t h Rs. 37750 an d 12 t h c lass stud ents with Rs. 4 2800. A ll the stude nts as we ll a s pa rent s ag ree d to the amo unt rec eiv ed. Ma jo rity o f the SC g irls repo rted bank bala nc e between Rs . 501- Rs. 1000 i n the ir ac co unts, ho wev er, bank ba lanc e between Rs. 20 01 to Rs. 300 0 was repo rted by mo thers. Majo rity of the stude nts repo rted tha t mo ney rec eiv ed by them was ut iliz ed to meet day - to- day expenses o f f amily , to meet emerg ency needs and to purc hase dress fo r f amily members with o nly o ne f if th of them repo rting that the mo ney had been kept as sav ing fo r their f uture stud i es. Ma jo rity of the parents repo rted t hat the c ash was used to meet the in di rec t s tudy c o st (tuit io ns, he lp bo o ks, sta tio nar y etc .) o f their daug hters . Majo ri ty of the stu dent s repo rted the timely disbursement o f cy c le and mo nthly stipend and delay in disbursement o f o ne time allo wanc e, wo rk boo ks and unif o rms. Parents in dic ated t imely rec eipt of cy cles and boo ks .Majo rity o f the students a s well a s pare nts repo rted qu ali ty o f bo o ks dress mate ria l an d cy c le as g o o d. Majo rity of the SC g irls as we ll as the ir mo thers had c o rrec t kno wledge reg arding enti tlement c ri ter ia f o r c ash based sc hemes , time o f release o f c ash and its pu rpo se ,ho wev er, majo rity of them had inc o rrec t kno wledg e abo ut stipend rate f o r sc ienc e stream student s. Mea n sc o re data indic ated that the kn o wledg e o f mo ther was sig nif ic antly hig her than the SC g irls abo ut the c ash allo wanc es as well as inc entiv e based sc hemes. The co mparativ e analy sis of students, mo thers and teac her kno wledg e indic ated that the kno wledg e of students was minimum reg arding educ atio nal sc hemes fo llo wed by their mo thers and te ac hers i n asc ending o rder . Repo rted impac t by students , mo thers as we ll as teac hers was o f same extent o n c o nf idenc e of students . I mpac t in terms o f ac ademic perfo rmanc e was of hig h extent f ro m students an d teac hers po int o f v iew but of medium extent f ro m mo thers po int o f v iew.I mpac t of educ atio nal sc hemes o n intere st o f st udents in s tudi es was repo rte d to be h ig h exten t by studen ts as we ll a s paren ts; ho wev er it was repo rted to be o f medium extent a nd to wards no c hang e c atego ry by teac hers. I mpac t of educ atio nal sc hemes in terms o f c hanc es of dro pping o ut of SC g irls f rom sc hoo l, impo rtanc e g iv en to g irl c hild educ atio n by parents, c hanc es o f f emale sibling s, educ atio n and absen teeism amo ng students was repo rted to be of hig h mag nitude by all the th ree c ateg o ries o f respo ndents i .e. s tudent s, mo thers and te ac hers. MAJOR ADVI SORThesisItem Open Access Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder of Female Sewing Machine Operators of Hisar(CCSHAU, 2013) Gahlot, Neha; Mehta, ManjuWomen’s participation in the sewing activity shows the importance and contribution of women to economic productivity, there is need for occupational health and safety practices covering sewing machine operators. In the light of all these the present study was conducted to explore the work profile and working environment of sewing activity, to assess biomechanical stress in sewing activity and to analyze visual stress in sewing activity The present study was conducted under two phases; Phase I: Survey work and Phase II: Experimental work. Samples of 80 were selected.In the study it was found that the maximum no. of the sewing machine operators were in the age group of 31-40 years and belonged to upper caste (47.50%) with family income of Rs. 17,475 and activity income Rs. 6,081.25, respectively. Forty five percent were using hand operated sewing machine and were working from last 10 years as a sewing machine operator were working 6-7 hours per day with mean garment stitched per day was 3.19. Most of them experienced injury due to swelling of fingers. Mean age of the sewing machine operators for the phase II study was 36.66±4.47years, with mean height 161±6.51 cm, and mean weight 62.8±0.07 and BMI 23.73±7.03. All the sewing machine operators were having mesomorphic body type which indicated a good body built. Regarding the environmental parameters humidity (56.5±2.6%) and noise level (57±7.2 db) were within the range while illumination level (262±53.06 lux) was approx half of the recommended values which leads to visual stress and workplace temperature (29.53±2.89 0 C) was too hot and uncomfortable that leads to fatigue and tiredness. Score of postural analysis of sewing machine operators through RULA was which 4 means investigation and changes are required immediately and in OWAS the posture of the workers falls in action category 2 which means changes should be considered in future planning, Similarly results obtained by Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire revealed that the pain felt by the sewing machine operators were more in lower back and neck (86.66%), shoulders (80%), upper back and wrist (73.33%), than the other body parts. Hemming was found the most strenuous activity as the perceived exertion was found highest in hemming (3.60) than, stitching (2.46) and cutting (1.66). Biomechanical parameters revealed that the adoption of poor posture by the sewing machine operators was causing musculoskeletal discomfort and affecting the performance and causing pain Similarly for majority of respondents (66.6%) sewing activity RPE (3.60). Hence, on the basis of identified problems of sewing machine operators improvements were suggested to the respondents as a part of WISE methodology to reduce the fatigue, monotony, and exertion and a workplace was designed for the hand operated sewing machine operators to correct the posture and work efficiently to reduce the incidence to musculoskeletal disorders.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Crease Resistant Finish on Antibacterial Property of Cotton(CCSHAU, 2013) Verma, Mona; Khambra, KrishnaThe study was conducted to see the effect of crease resistant finish on an antibacterial property of cotton. For the application of crease resistant finish the chitosan, citric acid, silicon softener and catalyst were used. Before application of finish the different condition such as drying time, drying temperature, curing time, curing temperature and concentrations of chemicals along with M: L ratio were standardized. The optimized concentrations and conditions were the 4% chitosan, 10% citric acid, 6% catalyst, and 6% silicon softener ,4 minute drying and curing time, treatment time 15 minute, 100 0 C drying temperature, 170 0 Ccuring temperature,. The finish was applied on the scoured cotton fabric with optimized proportion of chemicals maintaining the 1:20 m: l ratio by using the padding mangle. assessment of the crease recovery properties and antibacterial property was done .It was found that there was increase in the crease recovery angle and fabric crease recovery in addition to it the crease resistant finish showed good bacterial percent reduction. Further the change in the other physical properties of controlled, treated and washed fabrics was assessed. It was found that the fabric count, weight per unit area, thickness, bending length of treated fabric increased hence air permeability, elongation and tensile strength of fabric decreased but to an acceptable level. It was also noticed that all these physical properties deceased except air permeability and elongation with progressive washing cycles. The treated cotton fabric showed good bacterial resistance after 20 washing cycles. The finish is safe and non toxic for use. The treated fabrics will not only provide health benefits to the common masses but will also benefit the workers who are engaged in finish sector of textile industries. Crease resistant finish with antibacterial property will add value to cotton so the cultivation, production and export of cotton will also boost.ThesisItem Open Access Effectiveness of social marketing strategy for promotion of education on preterm birth(CCSHAU, 2013) Shah, Swati; Yadav, LaliStudy was carried out in six villages and six urban slum localities. 150 women (primary respondents) who delivered atleast one preterm child were drawn randomly covered an equal number (75) from rural and urban areas. The immediate care takers (150) of the primary respondents during pregnancy constituted secondary respondents. Duly pretested interview schedule was used to collect data. Social marketing strategy included emodule, print media and persuasion methods. Knowledge gain and attitude change, Media Effectiveness Index (MEI) and Impact Assessment Index (IAI) were calculated for effectiveness educational intervention. Majority respondents were young, illiterate, had nuclear & medium size families, hailed from low caste, Hindu religion & were married. Mostly housekeepers, medium income, mixed houses, low material possession, landless and had medium risk orientation and change proneness. Utilization of the maternal health care programme was less than awareness. Majority used family support for general ailment and private hospitals for serious typical pregnancy problems. Mostly received support from family and private paramedical staff all the 24x 7 hours. Public hospitals were available at distance of < 2 Km & availed public transport facility. Private health care institutions were perceived as of high quality. Localite sources & family and health professional were found to be most consulted and credible information sources. Medical products mostly procured from private paramedical staff and mainly procured by husband. Almost half of the respondents never checked the expiry dates of the products. Mostly had control and access to utilize funds but never plan budget, expenditure upto Rs. 70000 during preterm delivery. Relative/friends were the main sources of finance, husband as main decision maker. Mostly health care institutions available but had problems with access, control and utilization. More care during ante- natal followed by natal and post-natal stages of pregnancy and main help from husband and family. Equal occurrence of preterm birth in the rural & urban areas but mortality was high in rural areas. Significant association of preterm birth with sex, weight, average spacing, and respondent age at marriage, respondent’s age at first pregnancy, respondent’s age at the birth of first preterm child and attitude towards health care centers. More male preterm child with low birth weight, small gestation age, less spacing, less age of mother at marriage, at first pregnancy, at the birth first preterm child, had more normal deliveries among rural respondents. Labour pain before due date, lack of pertinent knowledge, hypertension & anemia were the most serious perceived causes. Spending security deposits, huge amount of money to deal complications and medicines for multidimensional problem were the most serious consequences of preterm birth. Despite illiterate, module was found to be highly effective with the MEI equal to 81.6 percent. Intervention resulted significant change in knowledge and attitude of the respondents. Significantly association with knowledge gain and attitude change existing with age, education, family education status, family types, caste & income. Impact of the intervention on change in behavior of the respondents was found to be moderate.