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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2017 - 201912020 - 20231
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Author: Antim × Start date: 1981 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification and utilization of inter-specific diversity for wheat improvement
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01-27) Antim; Vikram Singh
    Improvement in quality traits through biofortification along with grain yield is the major focus of researchers in this critical time of changing climate. Next major objective is developing wheat varieties which can fight changing climatic factors such as heat and drought stress and can provide higher yield to feed continuously expending population. Availability of genetic variability for improving modern day varieties further is present in crop wild relatives and can be introgressed in modern day varieties by creating amphidiploid and synthetic hexaploid wheat (pre-breeding material). The present study was therefore, planned to study the quality traits, grain yield and its component traits and physiological traits in SHW and amphidiploid wheat lines and the whole study was divided into three experiments. Another aim of the study was validation of SSR markers, selected from previous studies, associated with quality traits like Fe, Zn and grain protein content. With this regard 100 amphidiploid wheat lines along with 4 standard checks were sown at research area of ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal in augmented design for two consecutive years. One of the objective of the investigation was finding QTLs linked with heat and drought stress in wheat genotypes through SNP genotyping and for phenotyping 36 wheat genotypes (including SHW and elite lines) were sown at research area of ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal and Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21. Nine thinopyrum accessions were also tested for heat and drought stress traits in the field under five differential sowing conditions for year 2019-20 and 2020-21. Significant genetic variability was observed for all the morphological and physiological traits. In experiment-1, highest Fe content was found to be 70.7ppm in amphidiploid of cross Ae. caudata/ Margarita36-15, highest Zn (48.17ppm) in cross Ae. mutica/ kundermiki39-1 and highest protein content (17.68%) in amphidiploid Ae. mutica/kundermiki14-8 was found. In experiment-2, based on grain yield performance under heat and drought stress conditions created by late sowing of lines in Rain-out-shelter (ROS) OS59, OS61 and OS55 were found to be best performer. Twenty-two stable SNPs located in the domain of genes were also found in this experiment. Marker trait association (MTA) between SNPs and phenotypic data revealed gene Iron-superoxide_distumase (associated with SNP AX-95249973) to play role in saving plants from oxidative stress under drought condition. Another gene P450, which expresses under drought stress to protect plant, was found to be associated with plant height under drought stress condition. In experiment-3 nine Thinopyrum accessions performed best under ROS facility (heat and drought stress) and EC531712 and EC787014 showed highest and stable performance in terms of grain yield/plot.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Character associations and genetic diversity in bread wheat using molecular markers
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Antim; Punia, M.S.
    The present investigation entitled, “Character associations and genetic diversity in bread wheat using molecular markers” was conducted during rabi 2015-16 to evaluate 167 bread wheat genotypes in order to determine variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation among the traits and path analysis along with genetic diversity analysis both at phenotypic and molecular level. The genotypes were also screened for yellow rust using modified Cobb’s scale. The experimental material was grown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at Research Farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. All the genotypes showed enough genetic differences for fourteen characters, namely, days to heading, number of tiller per plant, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf breadth (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), number of grains per ear, number of spikelets per ear, ear weight (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield/ plant (g), biological yield/ plant (g) and harvest index (%).The maximum value of genotypic as well as phenotypic coefficients of variation was observed for grains per ear (17.16 %), (24.08), respectively. Number of tiller per plant, ear length, ear weight, grain yield per plant and biological per plant recorded high heritability along with high genetic advance which revealed the presence of additive gene effects indicating effectiveness of selection for these traits in wheat improvement. Number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, ear weight, grain weight per ear, number of grains per ear, flag leaf area and ear length showed positive and significant correlation (both phenotypic and genotypic) with grain yield per plant. Nine traits showed direct effect towards grain yield per plant. Ward method based on Euclidean minimum distance divided 167 genotypes into twelve major clusters in such a way that genotypes within each cluster had smaller value than those between clusters. Highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster IV (4.539) while Cluster II and cluster VIII showed maximum inter cluster distance (9.263). 167 genotypes were screened using modified Cobb’s Scale, out of which, 127 showed 0 % infection against yellow rust and maximum infection was observed in AL23, AL30 and PBW 343. Genotypes which showed 0% infection were resistant to yellow rust and could be utilized for breeding programme aimed toward disease resistance. Genetic diversity was studied at molecular level by using 29 SSR markers, out of which, 15 were found polymorphic, 4 were not amplified while ten were found monomorphic. Number of alleles ranged from 2-3 with an average of 2.47. PIC values of various SSR loci ranged from 0.131 (cfa 2164) to 0.673 (barc 146). Cluster tree analysis based on UPGMA following the software NTSYS PC led to grouping of 167 genotypes in 2 major clusters at 0.53 similarity index. Cluster I, which is biggest, comprised of 162 genotype while Cluster II comprised of only 5 genotypes. Precise information on the nature and degree of genetic variability and divergence present in studied wheat genotypes would help to select parents for evolving superior varieties.