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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on nature of fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-12) Saini, Poonam; Rana, G.SThe experiment entitled “Studies on nature of fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin” was conducted at the experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to find out the best concentration of foliar application of growth regulators, nutrients and fungicides in improvement of growth, yield, quality and nutrient status of leaves. There were eighteen treatments, i.e., 2,4-D 10 ppm, 2,4-D 15 ppm, GA3 15 ppm, GA3 20 ppm, Urea 1%, Urea 1.5%, Zinc Sulphate 0.5%, Zinc Sulphate 0.75%, Bavistin 1000 ppm and their combinations with three replications by taking one replication per plant on 9-year-old Kinnow plants. The foliar application of growth regulators, nutrients and fungicides treatments and their combinations had significant effect on fruit drop, growth, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. Foliar application of 2,4-D 15 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm in Kinnow mandarin recorded lower June fruit drop in the order of 13.65% and 15.77% during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively and pre-harvest drop in the order of 25.65% and 34.21% during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively as compared to control. The growth parameters i.e., plant spread, trunk diameter, leaf area, fruit retention and leaf chlorophyll content were found maximum with foliar application of 2,4-D 15 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm. Plant height, fruit length, fruit breadth and fruit weight were effectively improved by foliar application of GA3 20 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm. Foliar application of 2,4-D 15 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm was significantly improved number of fruits per tree and yield. Kinnow mandarin fruits sprayed with 2,4-D 15 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm resulted in 27.42% and 30.64% higher yield during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively as compared to control. Kinnow fruit quality in terms of TSS, acidity, TSS/acid ratio, ascorbic acid, juice content, rag content, peel content and peel thickness were significantly affected by foliar application of 2,4-D 15 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm. Number of seeds per fruit and seed weight were not significantly affected by foliar application. Maximum leaf N, Zn, S and Fe were recorded with foliar spray of 2,4-D 15 ppm + Urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.75% + Bavistin 1000 ppm, however leaf P and K were not significantly affected by foliar application of plant growth regulators, nutrients and fungicides.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of herbicides on weed control and quality of guava cultivar L-49(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-10) Pooja; Goyal, Ramesh KumarThe experiment entitled “Effect of herbicides on weed control and quality of guava cultivar L-49” was carried out at Experimental orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 in winter season. The experiment was carried out to find the effect of herbicides and sequential applications of herbicides on soil properties, weed control, growth characters, fruit and yield attributes on guava cultivar L-49. The treatments comprising 21 levels of herbicides in experiment 1 and 15 levels of sequential applications of herbicides in experiment 2. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 6.0 x 6.0 m separately. The data were recorded on various parameters, which were influenced by different levels of herbicides and sequential applications of herbicides. In experiment 1, weed free treatment was found best for soil properties viz. ECe and available N, P, K, Zn and Fe; weed parameters viz. weed density, visual mortality, fresh and dry weight; growth parameters viz. plant height, plant spread, leaf area, chlorophyll content; fruit parameters viz. fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruits, yield, fruit firmness, fruit colour; and quality parameters viz. TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, TSS:acidity ratio and pectin content. Among herbicidal treatments, the combination of glyphosate (1.26 kg/ha) + carfentrazone (20 g/ha) and glyphosate (1.26 kg/ha) + oxyflourfen (100 g/ha) were found best. In experiment 2, from all the sequential application of herbicides, the treatment glyphosate 1.26 kg/ha (July) fb glyphosate 1.26 kg/ha (August) fb glyphosate 1.26 kg/ha (September) was found best for soil properties viz. ECe and available N, P, K, Zn and Fe; weed parameters viz. weed density, visual mortality, fresh and dry weight; growth parameters viz. plant height, plant spread, leaf area, chlorophyll content; fruit parameters viz. fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruits, yield, fruit firmness, fruit colour; and quality parameters viz. TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, TSS:acid ratio and pectin content.ThesisItem Open Access Aonla and Moringa beverage and its keeping quality during storage(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09-05) Majhi, Kiran Kumar; Lather, RajeshThe current study was conducted to standardize the preservation of aonla juice using preserva-tives and to develop an aonla-based RTS beverage blended with moringa and beet root. Aonla juice was extracted and kept at room temperature for preservation up to three months. Ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugars and organoleptic rating were found decrease during storage, while TSS, acid-ity, total sugars, reducing sugars and tannins of juice were found to increase. Aonla juice preserved with sterilized bottle with pasteurized juice was found to be the most effective in minimizing the chemical changes in the juice during storage up to three months at room temperature. Aonla juice, moringa extract and beet root extract were blended at varying concentrations to develop the RTS beverage. Ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugars, tannins and organoleptic rating were found decreased during storage, while TSS, acidity, total sugars and reducing sugars of RTS were found to increase. RTS made with 50:25:25 aonla juice, moringa juice and beet root was found to maintain colour, flavour, taste and other quality characteristics the best for three months of room temperature storage, followed by RTS made with 25:75 aonla juice and moringa extract. The aonla juice and aonla based RTS beverage blended with moringa and beetroot was stored for three months and analyzed at 15 days interval. Blending of aonla juice, moringa leaf extract juice and beetroot juice in RTS can be a good source for immune-booster drink as it pos-sesses various health benefiting effects.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09-28) Ayoub, Mohammad; Rana, G.S.The study entitled “Effect of zinc sulphat on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin” was conducted on nine years old ear marked plants at Experimental Orchard in Post-harvest Technology Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 to study the effect of Zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. The experiment comprised of three levels soil application of Zinc sulphate (50,100,150 g per plant) and foliar application various concentration of Zinc sulphate( 0.5and 0.75%) and urea(1and1.5%). There experiment was conducted in randomized block design. The results of the experiment indicate that the foliar application of Zinc sulphate and Urea had a considerably affected most of the recorded parameters. Soil application of 150 g Zinc sulphate followed by the foliar spray of the 0.5 per cent of Zinc sulphate along with 1 per cent urea resulted into maximum fruit retention (53%), number of fruits per plant (533.87), size of fruits [fruit length (6.04 cm) and diameter (7.10 cm), average fruit weight (165 g), fruit yield per plant (83.87 kg), juice content (44.45%), total soluble solids (9.80%) and TSS to acid ratio (12.09 ) in Kinnow mandarin plants. The same treatment successfully resulted in minimum June (39.08%) and pre-harvest fruit drop (11.7%), acidity (0.81%), rag (31.89%) and peel content (22.69%) and peel thickness (2.83 mm).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effect of post-harvest treatment on shelf life of pomegranate (punica granatum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Bebe Lima Naderi; Sharma, Jeet RamThe experiment comprising of KMnO4 1, 1.5 and 2%, beal leaf extract 10, 20 and 30% and Aloe vera gel extract 10, 20 and 30% were conducted at Post-harvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the best and the most effective post-harvest treatment for prolonging shelf life and maintaining physicochemical characteristics of high valued pomegranate fruits cv. Bhagwa and Mridula. In this experiment, all the post-harvest treatments proved effective in increasing the shelf life and improving the physico-chemical attributes of the fruits of cv. Bhagwa and Mridula over control. However treatment with KMnO4 2% was most effective in reducing fruit firmness, specific gravity, physiological loss in weight, diseases incidence and decay loss. Different quality attributes like TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, anthocyanin, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugar of fruits increased, while juice content, ascorbic acid and acidity decreased with the advancement of storage period under ambient room conditions. Among the treatments, KMnO4 2% treated pomegranate fruit had least content of TSS and sugars and significantly highest content of juice, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid and pH but had no effect on acidity of the fruits. Hence, the highest organoleptic rating was given to pomegranate fruits treated with KMnO4 2%.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effect of salicylic acid, putrescine and modified atmospheric packaging of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivar Hisar Safeda(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Gurpreet Singh; Malik, ArvindGuava fruits are highly perishable in nature, necessitating strategies to enhance post-harvest life in order to extend fresh fruit market period. Therefore, the present investigations were conducted to explore the possibilities of storage of guava cv. Hisar Safeda in refrigerated and ambient conditions with treatments of salicylic acid, putrescine and different modified atmospheric packaging. The fruits harvested at physiological maturity stage were subjected to the treatments of salicylic acid (1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM and 4 mM), putrescine (2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM and 5 mM) and different modified atmospheric packaging (LDPE, HDPE, Polypropylene and cellophane paper), packed in CFB boxes and stored in refrigerator and ambient conditions. The fruits were analyzed for various parameters on alternate days. Under both the storage conditions, all the treatments exhibited potential to maintain the post-harvest life of guava fruits as compared to control. However, higher concentrations of salicylic acid and putrescine are effective in reducing physiological loss in weight, decay loss and retaining a higher level of total soluble solids (TSS), TSS: Acid ratio, sugars, ascorbic acid and pectin content, which helps in maintaining acceptable quality and improving the shelf-life of guava cv. Hisar Safeda in refrigerator as well as ambient storage. The best overall results were found in fruits treated with salicylic acid @ 4 mM followed by salicylic acid @ 3 mM under refrigerator storage. Also, modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) with HDPE 25 micron was found to extend the shelf-life and maintain the better quality of guava during storage and proved to be the best MAP treatment. Hence, salicylic acid, putrescine and HDPE seems have the potential to enhance the post-harvest life of guava in refrigerator as well as ambient storage.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic treatments on growth, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Sakshi; Suresh KumarThe present investigation entitled “Effect of organic treatments on growth, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.)” was carried out at PG lab of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rainy and winter season of 2020. The study material comprised of fourteen organic sources of nutrients which were evaluated for their effect on growth, yield and quality of two years old guava cv. VNR bihi in completely randomized design. It was observed that organic source of nutrients had a substantial impact on growth, yield and quality parameters of guava. It is concluded that 80% replacement of nitrogen through FYM + 20% replacement of nitrogen through poultry manure + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria may be recommended to improve the growth, yield and quality parameters of guava. The results also showed maximum fruit length (10.08 cm), fruit breadth (12.90 cm), average fruit weight (616.30 g), number of seeds per fruit (287), TSS (12.96%), acidity (0.5%), ascorbic acid (219.05 mg/100 g pulp), diameter of seed core (56.60 mm), pulp thickness index (56.74) and pectin content (1.42%) during the winter season, whereas, the maximum number of fruits per plant (54.33) and yield (29.41 kg/plant) in the rainy season. Fruits from the winter season are preferable to those from the rainy season.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nutrients and growth regulator on yield and quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-06) Ulfatullah; Baloda, SatpalThe experiment including of eleven treatments of nutrients and growth regulator was conducted on seven years old earmarked plants at Experimental Orchard of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 to study the effect of urea, ZnSO4 and NAA on yield and quality of pomegranate. The data were recorded on number of fruits per plant, fruit yield, average fruit weight, fruit size, fruit volume, fruit cracking, specific gravity, TSS, acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, anthocyanin content, aril, peel, juice and fruit colour. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using RBD. The result of the experiment indicates that the foliar application of urea, ZnSO4, and NAA had a significantly positive effect on most of the recorded parameters. The maximum potential of pomegranate plants in respect number of fruits per plant, size of fruits (fruit length and breadth), average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, juice content, total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, aril, fruit volume, fruit colour was exploited to a maximum level and the peel content, acidity to a minimum level with foliar application of urea 1.0% + ZnSO4 0.5%. The reduced fruit cracking was recorded with the foliar application of ZnSO4 at 0.5%, anthocyanin content was recorded maximum when the plants were sprayed with 40 ppm NAA while maximum specific gravity was recorded within 0.25% ZnSO4 solution sprayed treatment.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. Kagzi(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Gurmeet; Dalal, R.P.SThe present experiment was carried out with the objective of studying the seed priming effect on germination and seedling growth of acid lime cv. Kagzi at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2020-2021. The experiments consisted of seventeen chemical treatments viz. SA (50, 100 & 150 ppm), ZnSO4 (0.1, 0.2 & 0.3%), thiourea (1.0, 1.5 & 2.0%), KNO3 (1.0, 2.0 & 3.0%) & KH2PO4 (1.0, 2.0 & 3.0%), water dip & control (without soaking) and six organic treatments beejamrit, cowurine (50% & 100%), cowdung, cowdung slurry and control (without soaking). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. The results of study revealed that acid lime seeds treated with SA 150 ppm gave the highest germination percentage (74), germination rate (3.82), no. of seedling emerged per seed (1.83), early emergence of first seed (15 days) & fifty percent (21 days) seed germination, followed by ZnSO4 0.3%. Maximum seedling growth viz. seedling diameter (5.12 mm), seedling height (47.97 cm), length (46.42 cm) & diameter of tap root (4.94 mm), no. of secondary (75.67) & fibrous roots (814.67), fresh (4.42 g) & dry weight of root (2.12 g) was observed in thiourea 2% followed by SA 150 ppm, KNO3 3%, ZnSO4 0.3% at 180 days after sowing. Maximum no. of leaves per seedling (48.67), leaf area (9.98 cm2), leaf chlorophyll (37.42 SPAD) & nitrogen content was observed in KNO3 3%, followed by SA 150 ppm, thiourea 2%, ZnSO4 0.3% The highest shoot to root ratio (2.84) was measured in KNO3 1%. Overall, SA 150 ppm & ZnSO4 0.3% advanced and increased the germination percentage, whereas thiourea 2%, KNO3 3%, SA 150 ppm & ZnSO4 0.3% improved the seedling growth parameters in kagzi lime cv. Kagzi. Various organic formulation treatments delayed & decreased the germination percentage over control. However, beejamrit and cowdung slurry significantly effective in increasing the shoot & root growth parameters over control & cowurine 50%, cowurine 100% and cowdung.
