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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of wheat varieties under Melia dubia Cav. based agroforestry system(CCSHAU, 2019) Narender; Arya, SandeepThe present investigation entitled "Performance of wheat varieties under Melia dubia Cav. based agroforestry system” was carried out at a farmer field in village Gillan Khera of district Fatehabad situated in western semi-arid part of Haryana during Rabi season of 2018-2019. The experiment was carried out to study the performance of five wheat varieties (WH 1105, WH 711, DBW 88, HD 3086 and HD 2967) under Melia dubia, growth of trees, moisture and changes in chemical properties of soil. The mean of various tree growth parameters after harvest viz. diameter at breast height (56.6 cm), tree height (16.3 m), and canopy spread (6.9 m) was recorded higher in intercropped trees instead of pure stand of Melia dubia. Plant growth parameters, yield attributes and physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were reported significantly higher in open conditions as compared to under plantation. Different growth parameters were found higher in HD-3086. Maximum grain yield was obtained in wheat variety HD-3086. Plant height at different stages of growth, number of plants per meter, spike length, biological yield, straw yield and photosynthetic rate were observed significantly higher in HD-3086. Wheat variety WH-711 was recorded with lesser growth parameters as well as yield among both the conditions. The soil pH and EC decreased more under plantation of Melia dubia plantation over control (sole wheat). An increase in soil organic carbon and available N, P and K content was also observed under Melia dubia based agroforestry system than under control. A significant increase in soil moisture content was observed while going deeper in soil depth and vice versa while going away from tree row.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of barley varieties under Melia dubia Cav. based agroforestry system(CCSHAU, 2019) Nanda, Krishma; Arya, SandeepThe present investigation entitled “Performance of barley varieties under Melia dubia Cav. based agroforestry system” was carried out at a farmer field in village Gillan Khera of district Fatehabad situated in western semi-arid region of Haryana during Rabi season of 2018-2019. The experiment was carried out to study the performance of five barley varieties (BH-902, BH-959, BH-885, BH-946 and BH-393) under Melia dubia along with growth of trees, moisture and changes in chemical properties of soil. The mean of various tree growth parameters viz. diameter at breast height (55.95 cm), tree height (15.70 m), and canopy spread (6.31 m) was recorded higher in intercropped trees compared to pure stand of Melia dubia. Plant growth parameters and yield attributes were reported significantly higher in open conditions as compared to under plantation. Different growth parameters viz. number of tillers, number of spikes, test weight were found higher in BH-885. Maximum grain yield was obtained in barley variety BH-946. Plant height at different stages of growth, number of plants per meter, spike length, biological and straw yield was observed significantly higher in BH-902. Barley variety BH-885 was recorded with lesser yield among both the conditions however, it had maximum number of tillers per meter, number of spikes per meter and significantly higher test weight. The soil pH and EC decreased more under plantation of Melia dubia plantation over control (sole barley). A considerable increase in soil organic carbon and available N, P and K content was also observed under Melia dubia based agroforestry system than under control (devoid of trees).A significant increase in soil moisture content was observed while going deeper in soil depth and vice versa while going away from tree row. Physiological parameters viz. photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were found higher in open conditions whereas RWC and MSI were recorded higher in intercropped conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Mycorrhizal fungi and potting media on growth and nutrient uptake of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. in nursery(CCSHAU, 2019) Ishwar Anand; Singh, M.K.A pot experiment was conducted in the Nursery of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2017-18. The experiment consists of 12 treatments with potting media in 1:1:1 ratio of field soil, FYM, and pond silt. These potting media inoculated with two (10g each) mycorrhiza fungi namely Glomus intraradices and Acaulospora scrobiculata was laid out in CRD with 3(10 seedlings/replications) and results were recorded after three and six months interval. All the growth parameters, available soil nutrients, and nutrient uptake understudied was recorded significantly higher in the treatment consisting of Field soil + FYM + Glomus intraradices except in root length, it was found significantly higher in the treatment consist of Field soil + FYM + Acaulospora scrobiculata. The potting mixture containing Field soil + FYM with mycorrhiza performed better than Field soil + Pond silt with mycorrhiza in terms of germination percent, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, number of leaves, collar diameter, Colonization Index, Mycorrhizal dependency, seeding quality index, spore count, Available N, P and K contents and nutrient uptake in plants after six months of Ailanthus excelsa seeds sown in potting media. Finally, it was observed that potting media consisting of Field soil + FYM + Glomus intraradices followed by Field soil + FYM + Acaulospora scrobiculata performed significantly better than any other treatments understudied.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different spacings of poplar (Populus deltoides) on growth and production of fodder crops(CCSHAU, 2019) Yadav, Sneh; Dhillon, R.S.The present investigation entitled “Effect of different spacings of poplar (Populus deltoides) on growth and production of fodder crops” was carried out at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif and rabi seasons of 2018-19. The experiments were carried out to study the effect of different spacings (3×3 m, 4×3 m, 5×3 m, 6×3 m, 7×3 m and 8×3 m) of poplar on the growth and production of fodder crops (cowpea, sorghum, berseem and oat) as well as the changes in physico-chemical properties of soil. The maximum basal diameter (16.90 cm), DBH (13.92 cm) and crown spread (6.79 m) in poplar was recorded in8×3 m spacing. However, the maximum plant height (9.61 m) was attained in 3×3 m spacing of poplar. Plant population, plant height, leaf area index and fresh and dry fodder yield of the fodder crops were found significantly higher under 8×3 m spacing as compared to other spacings under study. Similarly, maximum light intensity (1056.3 Lux) was recorded in 8×3 m spacing at 1.00 pm in March. However, a reduction in fresh fodder yield of cowpea under spacings 3×3 m, 4×3 m, 5×3 m, 6×3 m, 7×3 m, 8×3 m of poplar was 81.71, 75.14, 63.00, 49.62, 39.81 and 25.60 per cent, respectively over control (devoid of trees), indicating that cowpea is more sensitive to shade. The soil pH and EC deceased more under different spacings of poplar over control (sole crop). A considerable increase in soil organic carbon and available N, P and K content was also observed under closer spacings (3×3 m, 4×3 m, 5×3 m) of poplar over control (devoid of trees).The cropping system of poplar (3×3 m) with oat was found more economical, gave maximum net returns (Rs.151767/-) and B:C ratio (2.24) followed by poplar + sorghum at same spacing.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of winter crops under eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) based agroforestry system(CCSHAU, 2019) Kombra, Stanley; Ahlawat, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Performance of winter crops under eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) based agroforestry system” was carried out at the research area of Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2017-18 to study the effect of 3 year old eucalypts plantation spaced at 7 × 3 m on growth and yield parameters of winter season crops vz. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Oat (Avena sativa), Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). In this study, the minimum per cent reduction in moisture content was found at 3.5 m away from eucalypts tree line as compared to other distances near the tree line. However, the moisture content increased with the increase in soil profile. In eucalypts based agroforestry system the maximum per cent decrease in light intensity was 55.8 over control during the month of February, however, the minimum reduction (44.8%) in light intensity was in the month of March. Growth and yield attributing parameters of all the winter crops under study were affected significantly under eucalypts plantation. The yield of winter crops was also significantly reduced in association with eucalypts plantation over to control. Among winter crops the maximum reduction in grain yield of wheat was 18.6% under eucalypts based cropping system and it followed the order: mustard (17.64%), barley (12.5%), oat (9.32%) and berseem (8.1%) during the present investigation. In present study, berseem was found to be best shade tolerant crop followed by oat and barley under eucalypts based agroforestry system. Maximum net return (Rs. 102799.8/ha) was observed under eucalypts + berseem. The overall B:C ratio in all five winter crops under study was calculated higher in eucalypts based agroforestry system over control (sole crop).ThesisItem Open Access Performance of winter crops under different planting geometry of Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Kajal; Kaushik, NareshA field experiment was conducted at Research Area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Bawal during winter of 2016-17 to study the effect of different plant geometries, i.e., 10×20, 10×10, 10×6.5 and 10×5 m of Mahaneem on growth, yield and its parameters of wheat and mustard. The biomass and carbon sequestration were also estimated. Mahaneem attained the maximum DBH (19.95 cm) and crown spread (6.19 m) under 10×20 m plant geometry. However, the maximum plant height (6.83 m) was obtained under 10×5 m plant geometry. Higher biomass (28.63 t/ha) and carbon sequestration (13.13 t/ha/yr) in Mahaneem was recorded under 10×5 m plant geometry, whereas, the maximum carbon sequestration (16.5 t/ha/year) was recorded in Mahaneem + wheat agro-forestry system under 10×5 m plant geometry. Different plant geometries of Mahaneem did not affect the growth (plant height) of winter crops but affected the yield significantly under close geometry, i.e., 10×5 and 10×6.5 m. Among all the plant geometries, the plant geometry of 10×20 m exhibited higher yield and yield attributes such as number of effective tillers, siliquae per plant, number of grains per spike/siliqua, test weight, grain yield, straw/stover yield, root weight and total biomass of winter crops. Soil EC and pH decreased considerably under agro-forestry based systems. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased over the control (sole crop). The agri-silvi system of Indian mustard + Mahaneem with plant geometry of 10×5 m was found most remunerative, as the maximum net returns (Rs.100140/-) and benefit to cost ratio (2.84) was observed with this system. Fuel wood and fodder from Mahaneem compensated the reduction of crop yield and resulted in higher returns in association with arable crops.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of field crops and eucalyptus clones under agri-silviculture system(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashish Kumar; Dhillon, R.S.The present investigation entitled ―Performance of field crops and eucalyptus clones under agri-silvicultural system‖ was carried out at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif and rabi seasons of 2016-17. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different eucalyptus clones (C-83, C-7, C-413 and C-288) on the performance of field crops (cowpea and barley) as well as changes in chemical properties of soil. The maximum plant height (9.69 m), basal diameter (12.37 cm) and diameter at breast height (9.52 cm) was recorded in eucalyptus clone C-413. However, the maximum (2.36 m) crown width was attained by C-288 clone. Plant population, plant height, fresh leaves and stem weight, green fodder and dry matter yield of cowpea were found significantly higher under C-83 as compared to other clones under study. The crude protein yield of cowpea was also recorded higher under C-83 (1.02 t/ha) clone while percent crude protein of cowpea was recorded maximum (12.20 %) under C-413 clone. Different growth parameters viz. plant population, number of tillers, number of spikes, number of grains per spike, test weight of barley was of barley also found higher under C-83 clone as compared to other clones. Plant height of barley at different stages of growth was observed significantly higher under the plantation of C-83 and C-288. The grain, straw and biological yield of barley were observed higher under C-83 clone. The soil pH and EC deceased more under plantation of eucalyptus clones over control (sole crop). A considerable increase in soil organic carbon and available N, P and K content was also observed under eucalyptus based agri-silvicultural system than under control (devoid of trees).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and physiological responses of water stressed Azadirachta indica A. Juss seedlings(CCSHAU, 2017) Paulina Pomwene Fendinat; Beniwal, R.S.An experiment was carried out to study effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) on water stressed Azadirachta indica A. Juss seedlings under a controlled nursery experiment. The experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of AM on germination, growth and physiological traits and also to evaluate the effect of AM fungi in tolerating water stress. The experiment comprised of two treatments; AM -inoculated and non-inoculated plants, of which about 3 months old neem seedlings were subjected to water stress for 63 days by withholding water till plant lower leaves showed wilting symptoms. G. mosseae inoculation slightly enhanced germination percentage of neem seeds against the un-inoculated treatments. Water stress exhibited significant and varied reductions in various morphological parameters such as collar diameter, shoot and root length, plant biomass, number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf area and specific leaf area in both treatments with significant reductions observed more in un-inoculated than AM -seedlings. G. mosseae symbiosis maintained significantly more periodic increment in shoot length and root collar diameter in AM -inoculated plants during water stress period. Water stress significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, however, increased relative stress injury with severe reductions was observed in un-inoculated plants. AM -inoculated plant showed prompt recovery during water resumption period in photosynthetic pigments, plant hydration level, and also showed reduced stress injury compared to un-inoculated plants. Proline and soluble carbohydrate were significantly accumulated more in un-inoculated plant leaves during water stress, whereas AM protected water stressed seedlings from massive oxidative damage by maintaining low level of proline and sugar accumulation in AM -plant leaves compared to un-inoculated neem leaves. Soil amended with AM fungi retained better moisture content during water stress as well as a higher significant P uptake in water stressed treatments, compared to N and K uptake. Water stress inhibited mycorrhizal multiplication and significantly reduced AM abundance in plant roots. However, 7 days after re-watering, mycorrhizal abundance in neem roots improved. Although, water stress caused reduction in mycorrhizal abundance and growth, AM -inoculation considerably maintained plant growth performance. Overall, this study concluded that utilization of G. mosseae inoculation practices in forest nurseries will immensely assist plants in overcoming water stress and in the production of healthy and vigorous Azadirachta indica seedlings, which will be of great help in overcoming bottleneck issues of aggressive re-forestation programs in degraded, arid as well as semi-arid areas.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on breeding of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Lin.) using modified breeding technique(CCSHAU, 2010) Verma, Nitin; Gupta, R.K.Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one among the earliest species to be cultured. Its maturation and breeding is affected by biotic and abiotic environmental conditions of water. Nutrition is known to have profound effect upon gonadal growth as well as larval development. Common carp breeding is still very traditional in India, including Haryana.Quantity of common carp seed which is available is needed to be most economic and technique should be such that the resources are utilized most efficiently to meet the demand of farmers and entrepreneurs. The field experiment was designed under four sets of pond with three replicates and one controlled experimental pond. Fish weight, length, gonad weight, Gonado somatic index and fecundity were estimated for observing maturity of fishes. The effect of nutritious feed and environmental conditions on fertilization, hatching and survival of larvae were also studied. In the field experiment wide range of seasonal fluctuations were observed in the following factors. Water temperature showed a range of 9-28.5°C throughout the experiment. There was not much fluctuation in all the experimental pools. Conductivity values for different experimental pools were different and minimum value was recorded during onset of winter season. The pH values were found to range between 5.2 -7.3. During initial stages the pH value were lower and showed a gradual increase in the later stages. The variation in DO values ranged from 4.2-7.28 mg/l in different experimental ponds. DO content increased with higher production of photosynthetic organisms. Free CO2 varied between 0.03-6 mg/l. On cloudy day maximum free CO2 content was found initially because of more concentration of phytoplankton. Pattern of changes in both carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities in different experimental sets were more or less similar. The carbonate alkalinity was observed to show a reverse trend to that of free CO2. It ranged between 0-5.6 mg/l. Bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 86 to 124 mg/l in all experimental pools during the experiment. The BOD was higher initially. The value ranged between 0.48-8.96 mg/l. Some fluctuation is found in Hardness ranged between 156-189.7 ppm. Plankton volume ranged between 0.015- 0.018 cc/l in different experimental sets. Highest plankton volume was recorded in 1st week of February. The Gross primary productivity value was found to be low during clouds and rain. Fertilization, hatching and fry produced were also observed and found to be highest in the hatchlings produced from 6:1 male to female ratio. The highest growth was observed in hatchlings that were fed on rice bran & mustard oil cake in 1:1@150% of initial body weight.