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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of winter crops under different planting geometry of Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Kajal; Kaushik, NareshA field experiment was conducted at Research Area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Bawal during winter of 2016-17 to study the effect of different plant geometries, i.e., 10×20, 10×10, 10×6.5 and 10×5 m of Mahaneem on growth, yield and its parameters of wheat and mustard. The biomass and carbon sequestration were also estimated. Mahaneem attained the maximum DBH (19.95 cm) and crown spread (6.19 m) under 10×20 m plant geometry. However, the maximum plant height (6.83 m) was obtained under 10×5 m plant geometry. Higher biomass (28.63 t/ha) and carbon sequestration (13.13 t/ha/yr) in Mahaneem was recorded under 10×5 m plant geometry, whereas, the maximum carbon sequestration (16.5 t/ha/year) was recorded in Mahaneem + wheat agro-forestry system under 10×5 m plant geometry. Different plant geometries of Mahaneem did not affect the growth (plant height) of winter crops but affected the yield significantly under close geometry, i.e., 10×5 and 10×6.5 m. Among all the plant geometries, the plant geometry of 10×20 m exhibited higher yield and yield attributes such as number of effective tillers, siliquae per plant, number of grains per spike/siliqua, test weight, grain yield, straw/stover yield, root weight and total biomass of winter crops. Soil EC and pH decreased considerably under agro-forestry based systems. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased over the control (sole crop). The agri-silvi system of Indian mustard + Mahaneem with plant geometry of 10×5 m was found most remunerative, as the maximum net returns (Rs.100140/-) and benefit to cost ratio (2.84) was observed with this system. Fuel wood and fodder from Mahaneem compensated the reduction of crop yield and resulted in higher returns in association with arable crops.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of field crops and eucalyptus clones under agri-silviculture system(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashish Kumar; Dhillon, R.S.The present investigation entitled ―Performance of field crops and eucalyptus clones under agri-silvicultural system‖ was carried out at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif and rabi seasons of 2016-17. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different eucalyptus clones (C-83, C-7, C-413 and C-288) on the performance of field crops (cowpea and barley) as well as changes in chemical properties of soil. The maximum plant height (9.69 m), basal diameter (12.37 cm) and diameter at breast height (9.52 cm) was recorded in eucalyptus clone C-413. However, the maximum (2.36 m) crown width was attained by C-288 clone. Plant population, plant height, fresh leaves and stem weight, green fodder and dry matter yield of cowpea were found significantly higher under C-83 as compared to other clones under study. The crude protein yield of cowpea was also recorded higher under C-83 (1.02 t/ha) clone while percent crude protein of cowpea was recorded maximum (12.20 %) under C-413 clone. Different growth parameters viz. plant population, number of tillers, number of spikes, number of grains per spike, test weight of barley was of barley also found higher under C-83 clone as compared to other clones. Plant height of barley at different stages of growth was observed significantly higher under the plantation of C-83 and C-288. The grain, straw and biological yield of barley were observed higher under C-83 clone. The soil pH and EC deceased more under plantation of eucalyptus clones over control (sole crop). A considerable increase in soil organic carbon and available N, P and K content was also observed under eucalyptus based agri-silvicultural system than under control (devoid of trees).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and physiological responses of water stressed Azadirachta indica A. Juss seedlings(CCSHAU, 2017) Paulina Pomwene Fendinat; Beniwal, R.S.An experiment was carried out to study effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) on water stressed Azadirachta indica A. Juss seedlings under a controlled nursery experiment. The experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of AM on germination, growth and physiological traits and also to evaluate the effect of AM fungi in tolerating water stress. The experiment comprised of two treatments; AM -inoculated and non-inoculated plants, of which about 3 months old neem seedlings were subjected to water stress for 63 days by withholding water till plant lower leaves showed wilting symptoms. G. mosseae inoculation slightly enhanced germination percentage of neem seeds against the un-inoculated treatments. Water stress exhibited significant and varied reductions in various morphological parameters such as collar diameter, shoot and root length, plant biomass, number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf area and specific leaf area in both treatments with significant reductions observed more in un-inoculated than AM -seedlings. G. mosseae symbiosis maintained significantly more periodic increment in shoot length and root collar diameter in AM -inoculated plants during water stress period. Water stress significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, however, increased relative stress injury with severe reductions was observed in un-inoculated plants. AM -inoculated plant showed prompt recovery during water resumption period in photosynthetic pigments, plant hydration level, and also showed reduced stress injury compared to un-inoculated plants. Proline and soluble carbohydrate were significantly accumulated more in un-inoculated plant leaves during water stress, whereas AM protected water stressed seedlings from massive oxidative damage by maintaining low level of proline and sugar accumulation in AM -plant leaves compared to un-inoculated neem leaves. Soil amended with AM fungi retained better moisture content during water stress as well as a higher significant P uptake in water stressed treatments, compared to N and K uptake. Water stress inhibited mycorrhizal multiplication and significantly reduced AM abundance in plant roots. However, 7 days after re-watering, mycorrhizal abundance in neem roots improved. Although, water stress caused reduction in mycorrhizal abundance and growth, AM -inoculation considerably maintained plant growth performance. Overall, this study concluded that utilization of G. mosseae inoculation practices in forest nurseries will immensely assist plants in overcoming water stress and in the production of healthy and vigorous Azadirachta indica seedlings, which will be of great help in overcoming bottleneck issues of aggressive re-forestation programs in degraded, arid as well as semi-arid areas.ThesisItem Open Access Seed Source Variation for Seed and Seedling Characters in Kair [Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.](CCSHAU, 2006) Kalu Ram; Bangarwa, K. S.Seeds were collected from five randomly selected trees of Capparis decidua from each of two sites from Rajasthan (Hanumangarh, Bhadra) and Haryana (Sirsa, Hisar) provenances during September 2005. The seeds of all the twenty progenies arising from four provenances were used for provenance testing in nursery and seed storage up to six months. Fruit diameter ranged from 14.79 to 22.88 mm with a general mean of 17.83 mm. Variability for fruit diameter was comparatively higher in Hanumangarh and Sirsa. Analysis of variance showed the presence of significant variation among progenies for germination per cent, plant height and collar diameter, whereas significant variation among provenances were observed for plant height and collar diameter. Medium values of phenotypic coefficient of variation and little difference from genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for all the three characters, viz., germination per cent, plant height and collar diameter. Heritability estimates and genetic advance were also found high for all the characters under study. Progeny number 8 from Bhadra provenance was found overall best for all the three characters viz., germination per cent, plant height and collar diameter. Progeny number 6 from Bhadra was found significantly superior than general mean for plant height and collar diameter whereas progeny number 1 from Hanumangarh was found significantly superior than general mean for germination per cent and plant height. In general, the provenances like Hanumangarh and Bhadra were found superior for seedling characters. Standard germination of fresh seeds varied from 53.74 per cent in progeny no.17 from Hisar to 62.21 per cent in progeny no.1 from Hanumangarh with a mean of 59.08 per cent. The average germination per cent of fresh seed (59.08) was reduced to 44.87 per cent three months after storage and which was further reduced to 32.73 per cent six months after storage. The reduction in both vigour index-I and vigour index-II were observed higher than standard germination for all the progenies up to six months of storage.ThesisItem Open Access Vegetative propagation of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) through stem cutting(CCSHAU, 2006) Praveen Kumar; Bimlendra KumariThe experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Department of Forestry in CCS, Haryana Agricultural University (India) during February and August season of 2003-04. The cuttings taken form 8 to 10 years old tree from three zones of canopy i.e. upper, middle and lower with thickness i.e. 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm diameter (thin) and 1.1 cm to 1.5 cm (thick). These cutting treated with different plant growth regulators viz. indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-acetic acid, nepthalic acid at three concentration levels i.e. 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 and combination of thiamine with 500 ppm of each growth regulator. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replication. The results revealed that cutting planted in February season gave better percentage of rooting (60.6%), number of roots per cutting (4.0), root length (12.0 cm) per cutting and weight of roots (0.37g) than August planted cuttings. All the roots characteristics obtained were better with thick cutting than thin cutting and canopy levels followed the trend of lower, middle and upper canopy i.e. cutting from the lower canopy gave best results. IBA 1000 ppm was most effective in sprouting (75.5%) and rooting (66.4%) of Dalbergia sissoo stem cutting. All the PGRs treatment gave significantly better results in both the season with all the canopy levels and with thick as well as thin cutting over control. From the studies, it was concluded that when the cutting of Dalbergia sissoo is taken from lower canopy with diameter 1.1-1.5 cm (thick) treated with indole-3-butyric acid 1000 ppm planted in February season gave the best results with respect to duration of sprouting, percentage of sprouting, number of leaves per cutting, number of roots per cutting, weight of root and shoot, percentage of rooting and rootshoot weight ratio and average length of root per cutting.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on seed germination and storability of Rohida(CCSHAU, 2008) Ravi Kant; Bimlendra KumariThe present investigation was carried out on Rohida seeds. The seed material was collected from four different seed sources viz., Churu, Ding Mandi, Jhumpa and Rajgarh. The present study was conducted during 2005-06 at nursery area of Department of Forestry and laboratories of Department of Seed Science and Technology and Department of Forestry CCS HAU, Hisar. The objective of investigation was: To evaluate different seed sources for seed viability, germination and seedling growth behavior; To determine the storability of Rohida seed. Various morphological characters of Rohida trees from four different geographical locations were recorded and seeds were collected from the selected trees. Seed quality parameters such as seed size (length and breadth), colour, test weight, germination percent (74 %), speed of germination (13.63 %), radicle (6.30 cm) and plumule length(5.30 cm), seedling dry weight (415.60 mg), dehydrogenase activity (1.40), electrical conductivity vigour index I and II were studied of freshly harvested seeds and then stored in ambient storage conditions. The seeds of all the four different places were aged artificially at various time (24, 48 and 72 h) and temperature (40±1oC) variables. Accelerated ageing of seeds for 24 h at 40±1oC produced a clear separation and provide better results. Then seeds of all the four different places were tested to study physiological basis for loss in viability. It was observed that standard germination, seedling length, dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II and viability percentage was found maximum in Rajgarh seed source.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on breeding of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Lin.) using modified breeding technique(CCSHAU, 2010) Verma, Nitin; Gupta, R.K.Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one among the earliest species to be cultured. Its maturation and breeding is affected by biotic and abiotic environmental conditions of water. Nutrition is known to have profound effect upon gonadal growth as well as larval development. Common carp breeding is still very traditional in India, including Haryana.Quantity of common carp seed which is available is needed to be most economic and technique should be such that the resources are utilized most efficiently to meet the demand of farmers and entrepreneurs. The field experiment was designed under four sets of pond with three replicates and one controlled experimental pond. Fish weight, length, gonad weight, Gonado somatic index and fecundity were estimated for observing maturity of fishes. The effect of nutritious feed and environmental conditions on fertilization, hatching and survival of larvae were also studied. In the field experiment wide range of seasonal fluctuations were observed in the following factors. Water temperature showed a range of 9-28.5°C throughout the experiment. There was not much fluctuation in all the experimental pools. Conductivity values for different experimental pools were different and minimum value was recorded during onset of winter season. The pH values were found to range between 5.2 -7.3. During initial stages the pH value were lower and showed a gradual increase in the later stages. The variation in DO values ranged from 4.2-7.28 mg/l in different experimental ponds. DO content increased with higher production of photosynthetic organisms. Free CO2 varied between 0.03-6 mg/l. On cloudy day maximum free CO2 content was found initially because of more concentration of phytoplankton. Pattern of changes in both carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities in different experimental sets were more or less similar. The carbonate alkalinity was observed to show a reverse trend to that of free CO2. It ranged between 0-5.6 mg/l. Bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 86 to 124 mg/l in all experimental pools during the experiment. The BOD was higher initially. The value ranged between 0.48-8.96 mg/l. Some fluctuation is found in Hardness ranged between 156-189.7 ppm. Plankton volume ranged between 0.015- 0.018 cc/l in different experimental sets. Highest plankton volume was recorded in 1st week of February. The Gross primary productivity value was found to be low during clouds and rain. Fertilization, hatching and fry produced were also observed and found to be highest in the hatchlings produced from 6:1 male to female ratio. The highest growth was observed in hatchlings that were fed on rice bran & mustard oil cake in 1:1@150% of initial body weight.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on growth potential, market trend and wood volume tables of poplar (Populus deltoides) grown in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Doha, Amit Singh; Bangarwa, K. S.The present investigation entitled “Studies on growth potential, market trend and wood volume tables of poplar (Populus deltoides) grown in Haryana” was carried out in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, India. One to 6 years old plantations of poplar (G 48) with spacing’s of 5×4 m, 4×4 m, 6×3 m were selected for recording data in order to find out growth potential (height and DBH). Current annual increment for basal diameter was observed highest in 5 × 4 m spacing during all the six years as well as on the overall basis. The current annual increment for total height were in increasing order up to 4th year in all the three spacing as well as on overall basis. The rate of growth for total height was in decreasing order from 4th year to 6th year in all the three spacing. Ninety one randomly selected trees were sampled to predict the weight and volume table for poplar tree. Four equations were fitted using linear and non linear regression techniques to predict the volume table. Two models (Schumacher and Hall and single-entry) were used to predict the green timber weight. Results were statistically and graphically analyzed. All equations had very good-fit statistics. The Schumacher and Hall model was selected to estimate the volume of standing poplar trees in Haryana. It is not always easy to measure total height of each standing tree, which is both time consuming and cumbersome. Therefore, regression equation of timber volume based on DBH alone was also worked out. Survey of Yamunanagar market was conducted to find out prices of four types of poplar wood pieces. Prices of all the four types of poplar wood pieces for the last four years were recorded from randomly selected ten poplar wood purchasing units. Market survey for poplar wood suggests increasing trend from 2004 for all the four categories (over, under, sokta and dandi). The increase in poplar wood price for the last 3 years was comparatively low.ThesisItem Open Access Plus tree selection, progeny testing and reproductive biology of Khejri (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce)(CCSHAU, 2016) Preeti Singh; Bangarwa, K.S.The vital importance of Prosopis cineraria in present day context in terms of its multiple uses in general and lack of information on its genetic aspects especially reproductive biology, plus tree selection and progeny testing, promoted the present study. The study was conducted by collecting seeds from plus trees from areas around Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Bawal and Bhattu in Haryana based on the desirable characters of economic interest. The remaining part of this study comprised the investigation on phenology, floral biology and breeding systems were carried out on the trees growing at the field of Forestry department of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2014-15. A considerable amount of variation for different morphological characters such as height, clear bole height, girth at breast height etc. was found among twenty one plus trees from Haryana. Ample genetic variation was also observed for field emergence, seedling height, basal diameter, root: shoot ratio etc. among the progenies of the selected plus trees. Among all the progenies, the progeny of PC11 from Bawal was found most outstanding followed by the progeny of PC8 from Fatehabad. Defoliation started during the month of November and continued till end of January. Initiation of leaf primordial was noticed during the last week of February at the terminal end of the branches. Panicle initiation started in the first week of March and continued till 2 nd of April. The floral buds started to open from first week of April to third week of April. The flowering pattern was asynchronous i.e. new flowers were developing at different times on the same tree. The trees were in full bloom from second week of April to third week of May. Maximum flower opening ranging from 84.38 to 93.82 per cent was recorded between 0800-0900 h. The shiny stigma a reflection of stigma receptivity occurred between 0800 to 1100 h. Khejri tree was found cross fertilizing in which percent pod set varied from 0 for selfing to 2.03 per cent for natural open pollination.