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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Forestry × Author: Saini, Neha × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation and identification of potential tree willow (Salix Spp.) clones for waterlogging and salinity tolerance
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Saini, Neha; Banyal, Rakesh
    Waterlogging and associated salinity problemsare throwing a serious challenge to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in irrigation commands. Globally, it is increasing due to anthropogenic activities,local hydro-geologic phenomena and climate change.Thereis need to drain excess water and salts to make such areas suitable for productive functions through hydraulic engineering, mechanical and bio-drainage approaches.Under biodrainage approaches limited tree species are known that to in inland landscapes. Willow is one with remarkable water consumption,diverse with more than 500 species and out of which a few thrive well in tropical and sub-tropical regions. With this backdrop, the present study titled “Evaluation and Identification of Potential Tree Willow (Salix Spp.) Clones for Waterlogging and Salinity Tolerance” was conducted at ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal (Haryana) to have the tolerant potential tree Willow clones with their adaptability to submergence and evapo-transpirative capability. Three independent experiments were conducted to identify the tolerant tree willow clonesviz. (i) in induced saline stress for variable periods of 21 days each upto 105 days; (ii) in submergence of saline and non-saline waterfor varying periods of 7 days upto 28 days (iii) in waterlogged saline and non-saline scenarios in closed lysimeters. In screening and evaluation trial, WC1 (J799), WC2 (SI-64-017), WC3 (131/25) and WC9 (UHFS242) clones emerged as better performer in respect of survival, growth, physiological, biochemical attributes, anti-oxidative enzymatic activities and soil reclamation aspects. However, the least performer clone was WC4(PN731). Ascending order of clones based on relative cumulative Salinity Tolerance Index (STI) was WC3 (6.90)> WC1 (5.71)> WC2 (5.11)> WC9 (4.92)> WC5 (4.35)> WC8 (4.07)> WC6 (3.64)> WC7 (3.41)> WC10 (3.12)> WC4 (2.57).All the clones were also grouped intohighly tolerant (WC1,3&9), tolerant (WC2&5), moderately tolerant (WC6&8) and susceptible (WC4,7&10) category based on their respective performance against the imposed salinity stress. Saline irrigation upto ECiw 8 dS/m (moderate salinity) in tree Willow clones can be put to use without any significant loss but it can go upto 25 to 30 per cent in ECiw 12 dS/m (saline). However, the irrigation of high saline water (ECiw 16 dS/m) is not suitable for irrigation of tree Willow clones.Strong positive inter-dependence relation was observed through PCA in which first and second quarter of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) contributed 70.1 and 11.6 per cent variations in controlling the overall performance of clones. Biomass emerged as an effective indicator of salt tolerance in different morpho-physiological characters in ascertaining the salinity tolerance through correlation matrix. Salt exclusion mechanism was sensed in tree Willow clones regulating their individual performance in salinity stressed environment. Clones WC1 (J799), WC3 (131/25), WC2 (SI-64-017) and WC5 (UHFS62) were best performer in submergence with saline and non-saline water based on survival, growth, physiological and soil aspects.The ascending order of relative cumulative Salinity Tolerance Index (STI) values was WC1 (4.55), WC3 (3.90), WC2&5 (3.62), WC9 (3.16), WC6 (3.04), WC8 (3.03), WC10 (2.68), WC7 (2.27) and WC4 (1.51).Clones can withstand submergence with low (4 dS/m) and moderately (8 dS/m) saline water without any significant reduction in tolerant clones even upto 28 days but in saline (12 dS/m) and highly (16 dS/m) saline water the survival was at stake and many clones could not withstand high salinity in 7 days of submergence. Clones were grouped into highly tolerant (WC1), tolerant (WC3), moderately tolerant (WC2,5,9&8) and susceptible (WC4,6,7&10) category based on their respective performance against the imposed submergence and salinity stress. Water bio-drainedpotential of four tree willow clones were measured in simulated three scenarios (SC) of waterlogging with salinity of low (ECiw 4dS/m) and high (ECiw 10dS/m) level and non-saline (ECiw<1.0 dS/m) water. Clone WC1 (J799) out-performedthan the other three clones by registering the highest per cent increments in plant height (3.87, 14.5and 17.6%), collar diameter (6.37, 14.6 and 17.1%), longest branch (10.5, 17.2 and 22.0%) andcrown spread (14.7, 31.8 and 38.6%) in three seasons and also better in physiological aspects. However, the clone WC4 (PN731) registered lowest gain in growth and physiological attributes. WC1 clone displayed highest bio-drainage potential in terms of wateruse on season basis (287, 487 and 651mm) as well as annual basis (1425mm), followed by clone WC3 (131/25), WC2 (SI-64-017) and WC4 (PN731). Clones transpired highest water in SC1(1888mm) and lowest in SC3(561mm) on annual basis. Overall, clone WC1 (J799) showed higher bio-drainage potential and can be visualized as an option for managingwaterlogging and saline landscapes in future.