Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Open Access
Occupational health hazards of workers in floriculture and mitigating measures
(CCSHAU, 2019) Shilla, Kanchan; Sehgal, Binoo
The expansion and growth of the floriculture industry magnifies massive potential for generating significant worker‟s employment in farming activities at floricultural farms. Workers engaged in floricultural work such as land preparation, planting, manuring, irrigation, picking, packing, storage and transportation face several health hazards. The stressful situation of floricultural workers gets worsened by physical discomfort in the workplace leading to poor health conditions and work related problems. The present study was conducted with the following three objectives: (1) To study work environment and work profile of workers in floriculture units, (2) To assess the occupational health hazards of workers in floriculture units and (3) To develop an ergo-solution for highly risk prone activity in floriculture units. Under objective 1, three districts of Haryana state were selected randomly from the districts where floriculture was being done at large scale in consultation with Department of District Horticulture, Hisar and six floriculture units were selected randomly from these three districts to study work environment and work profile of workers in floriculture units. Under objective 2, out of six floriculture units selected in Phase I, two floriculture units were randomly selected for field experiment to study the occupational risks of workers engaged in different activities of floriculture farm. Under objective 3, ergo-solution was developed to overcome the hazards in the highly risk prone activity in floriculture. The acceptability and feasibility of ergo solution was also assessed. For collecting the relevant data as per objectives, an interview schedule was prepared. Results revealed that Majority of the respondents were employed as seasonal workers and overall data as well as district wise data indicated that majority of the respondents were engaged in flower picking activity in floriculture units. Majority (69.11%) of the respondents were suffering from pain in body due to stiffness of joints while a large number (64.71%) of the respondents were unable to stand properly due to working in same posture for longer duration. The most affected body parts by the musculoskeletal pain were neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, upper arms, lower arms, wrists, palms and fingers. In workers of Marigold farm units the intensity of musculoskeletal pain was highest during picking activity whereas workers of Rose farm units faced highest musculoskeletal pain during pruning and picking activities. Picking and pruning activities were identified as the highly risk prone activities among all floriculture activities. Therefore, ergo solution i.e. KS-secateur was developed and already existing pruner was modified for these activities. The acceptability of the KS-secateur highlighted that minimum effort was made by the hand while performing the activity using KS-secateur. The acceptability of the modified pruner highlighted that appearance and minimum effort by the hand while performing the pruning activity got highest rank. Feasibility testing of both ergo solutions indicated that musculoskeletal stress factor, grip fatigue, physical stress factor, work output, and tool factor was acceptable by the workers.
Open Access
Occupational hazards of workers engaged in brick kiln units and its ergo solutions
(CCSHAU, 2017) Gahlot, Neha; Rana, Kusum
The Indian brick industry, next to that of China, is the second largest producer of brick in the world. The brick industry in India falls into small scale and unorganized sector. Jobs in brick kiln production demand a very wide range of physical activities involving diverse postures and positions that may not be ideal and might predispose the workers to associated risks and hazards. The present study was conducted to ascertain the work profile, workplace conditions and occupational hazards at brick kiln units and to conduct ergonomic evaluation of most hazardous activity and explore ergo solutions and its feasibility testing. Study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state, viz. Hisar and Mewat. Three brick kiln units were selected from each district and a total of 134 workers were selected for Phase I study. The results revealed that majority (57.46%) of the workers were male, belonging to age group less than 25 years (44.03%), had rural background (100%) and belonged to scheduled caste (67.92%) category. All the workers were working in brick kiln industry on account of unavailability of other work and money taken in advance as debt. Majority (47.02%) of the workers were working 10-12 hours a day (55.98%) in brick kiln units and took only a single rest break during work. Workplace conditions revealed that 43.28% respondents were not getting potable water facility while 56.71 percent had no access to toilet facility. There was no medical insurance for the workers, no provision of medical leave with payment and personal protective clothing at any Brick Kiln Unit (BKU). Workplace hygiene was found to be poor. No educational facility was available for children of BKU workers. The level of temperature, SPM and CO2 were also found more than the recommended levels. Scores of Heat stress Index in summers (137) indicated that to avoid the possibility of extreme sunstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion occurring on account of prolonged physical activity, some shade or protection should be provided for the workers during working hours. The overall picture of hazard assessment and discomfort showed that nikasi activity got average 3.44 mean score with first rank. In Phase II, ergonomic evaluation was conducted on 20 women nikasi workers from different brick kiln units of Hisar district selected during Phase I studies. The selected women workers were having good physical health status. Mean age of the respondents was 26.30 years, mean height was 156 cm, mean weight was 50.40 kg and BMI was 20.61 kg/m2. Regarding physiological responses, while performing the activity, heart rate of women workers increased over base by 55.45 percent and the workload of nikasi activity fell under heavy workload category. Energy expenditure and oxygen consumption rates also increased statistically while performing the activity and fell under very heavy work category. RPE was found to be 4.40 indicating that workers felt very heavy exertion while performing this activity. Postural analysis of women engaged in nikasi activity through RULA showed that they had to bend down for lifting the wooden trolley after transporting brick. Scores of RULA and OWAS suggested an immediate correction in posture adopted by the workers. In Phase III, a modified brick carrier was developed and its ergonomic evaluation revealed that heart rate of the workers decreased by 7.4 beats m-1 and energy expenditure (1.17kJ/m-1) compared to traditional wooden trolley was found statistically significant. Similar pattern of decrease was observed in oxygen consumption (0.93 lit.m-1), TCCW (551beats) and PCW (11.02 bmin-1) when compared to traditional wooden trolley. Feasibility testing indicated that the improved brick carrier tool was found acceptable on different parameters, viz. musculoskeletal stress factor (75.33%), physical factor (64.66%), work output (62.66%), tool factor (63.60%) and overall acceptability (67.25%). Therefore, an emergent need is felt for promotion of training programmes at brick kiln units for addressing the issues of musculo-skeletal problems of workers with emphasis on maintaining proper posture during different activities, including nikasi activity, performed at the workplace. Modified brick carrier can be used by workers to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort, overall discomfort, exertion, grip fatigue and thermal discomfort. The study will be helpful for brick kiln unit workers to make them aware about occupational health problems and ways of their prevention.
Open Access
Rain water harvesting in rural and urban families of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2014) Bhutani, Anshul; Sehgal, Binoo
Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment. The available water resources are under pressure due to increasing demands and the time is not far when water, which we have always thought to be available in abundance and free gift of nature, will become a scarce commodity. Conservation and preservation of water resources is urgently required to be done. Hence, the present study attempts to access the knowledge and perception regarding rain water harvesting and its utilization technologies among the urban and rural respondents. Training on RWH and its utilization technologies was also provided by setting up of a demonstration unit. The study was conducted in four phases. In phase I, survey was done on 150 urban and rural women respondents each to study the knowledge regarding rain water harvesting and its utilization technologies. In phase II, demonstration unit was set up on RWH and its utilization technologies. In phase III, training was imparted to thirty interested women respondents each from urban and rural areas on rain water harvesting and its utilization technologies. In phase IV, strategies were formulated for the propagation of these technologies. Results reveal that urban families were found to be consuming more quantity of water in all the household activities as compared to rural families as urban localities received water supply for 2 hours or less twice a day while in contrast to this rural areas received it for 1 hour or less once a day or on alternate day. Maximum water was consumed for flushing (178.3±41.8 litres) in urban localities and for bathing (61.5±26.3 litres) in rural areas. Nearly half of the respondents (52.3%) had awareness about rain water harvesting technology. No awareness with regard to the two rain water utilization technologies i.e. double-walled pot and pitcher irrigation was found among the respondents as these were new to the respondents. Rain water harvesting structure was got constructed outside the back gate of College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar to collect rain water from one suitable roof of the college building. Volume of the tank is 1800 cu. ft and capacity of the tank to store rainwater is 50,958 litres. Two rain water utilization technologies i.e. double-walled pot and pitcher irrigation were selected for the study and demonstration unit of these were set up in the enclosure of Domestic Farm Unit, Deptt. of FRM, COHS, CCSHAU, Hisar. One year old flowering plant, Tabernaemontana divaricata (Crape Jasmine) was undertaken for the study. Least amount of water (19.5 litres) was consumed by the plant in the treatment T4 (Double-walled pot with mulch and cardboard ring). The water saving through this treatment came out to be maximum i.e. 34.7 per cent as compared to control (Tc). The total amount of water consumed by the plant planted through Pitcher Irrigation was 33.1 litres whereas the total amount of water consumed by the plant planted through conventional method (control) was 61.8 liters and the water saving through Pitcher Irrigation came out to be 46.4 per cent. With regard to knowledge of respondents, it was found that maximum gain in knowledge was for ‘working’ of rain water harvesting among both urban (93.7%) and rural (96.4%) respondents. Regarding double-walled pot, mean score on different components ranged from 3.6 – 10.9 among urban respondents and 3.0-10.7 among rural respondents after imparting training. Their knowledge level was recorded as high as 23.4 (urban respondents) and 23.3 (rural respondents) for ‘construction’ and ‘working’ of pitcher irrigation. Training changed the attitude of the respondents towards rain water harvesting technology from favourable to most favourable for majority of the urban and rural respondent. It changed from least favourable to most favourable for majority of urban and rural respondents for double-walled pot and pitcher irrigation. In totality, 81.7 per cent respondents attained high level of symbolic adoption for rain water harvesting, 66.7 per cent respondents for double-walled pot and 75.0 per cent for pitcher irrigation. Overall acceptability of the urban respondents regarding rain water harvesting was 81.6 per cent, for double-walled pot it was 88.1 per cent and for pitcher irrigation it was 64.8 per cent. Overall acceptability of the rural respondents regarding RWH was 82.1 per cent, for double-walled pot was 59.8 per cent and for pitcher irrigation was 87.1 per cent. Strategies were finally formulated on the basis of findings of the study and comprised of awareness generation by educational institutions, extension functionaries and media and action to be taken by legislative formulation.
Open Access
Study On Management Of Sanitation Technologies By Rural Households
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2006) Pathak, Pooja; Sangwan, Veena
Open Access
Risk Assessment of Workers in Polyhouses of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2014) Promila; Singh, Kiran
The present study was conducted to find out the risk among workers of four different types of polyhouses (Hi-tech, NVPH, WIT and AINSH) in Haryana state. The information regarding number, area and type of polyhouses and subsidy provided by Govt. of India and Haryana on polyhouse farming was collected from respective district horticulture offices of Haryana State. Season wise climatic data (temperature, humidity, light, air contaminants, level of CO2 and solar radiation) of different polyhouses was taken to find out the difference of climatic data between polyhouses and conventional farming as well as within polyhouses. Workers form three district were examined on the basis of involvement pattern in polyhouse farming, satisfaction regarding workplace and organizational facilities and problems faced by workers at workplace. For the ergonomic study, 15 women workers of polyhouses of Karnal district were selected on the basis of good health status. Results depict that in Haryana State 614 different types of polyhouses were found under the area of 17,71,121 m2 . The total area under polyhouse farming was 0.49% of total cultivated area in Haryana State. Maximum number of polyhouses (92) and area (2,76,470m2) were found in Karnal district. Regarding environmental parameters, temperature, humidity, dust and CO2 level in polyhouses of Karnal district 19.80C, 63.9%, 255.1ppm, 6841ppm) was significantly higher (CD-0.9, 1.7, 25.9 and 33.5) than polyhouses of Ambala district (17.9 0C, 61.1 %, 222.6 ppm, 650.8 ppm) and Hisar district (17.40C, 60.18%, 221.3 ppm, 640.6ppm). Findings explain that concentration of temperature humidity and CO2 was found higher in WIT polyhouses, i.e. above 50 percent 40 percent and 50 percent, respectively in comparison to conventional farming in all month. In NVPH and WIT polyhouses climate was at extreme danger with heat score of 1820F and 2230F, which depicts that if workers continue to do work in this environment can have threat of possible heat stroke. Workers (62.79%) were involved in polyhouse type of farming from last 2-3 years and found to be working for 5-8 hrs (73.25%) daily. In polyhouse farming, workers were spending most of their days (280 days) on tying activity followed by bed making (245 days) and bed washing (242 days). Karnal workers were found to be exposed to higher temperature and humidity and were facing high problem of burn skin ( =2.04) degradation in quality of work ( =2.00), vomiting Regarding physiological parameters, in working condition heart rate of WIT polyhouse workers (103.5b.min-1) was found to be significantly higher in comparison to workers of NVPH (96.16 b.min-1), Hi-tech (92.16 b.min-1), AINSH (92.9 b.min-1) and conventional farming (87.6 b.min-1). Though blood pressure of the workers from WIT (62/98mmHg) and NVPH (61/94mmHg) polyhouses was found significantly lower in comparison to workers of other polyhouse. ( =2.00) and headache ( =2.10) in comparison to workers of Hisar and Ambala districts. Bed making and bed washing activities were done in sitting posture with flexion motion. High degree of flexion was illustrated in tying, pruning and harvesting activities with flexion of 1220, 1080 and 900, respectively. The maximum forwarded deviation (increase) in angle was observed in bed washing (202±2.6), sowing (200±2.1) and field preparation (199±1.6). On the basis of OWAS and REBA analysis the posture of workers during bed washing, tying and pruning was inappropriate with recommendation of necessary change in posture for activity. Regarding physiological parameters, in working condition heart rate of WIT polyhouse workers (103.5b.min-1) was found to be significantly higher in comparison to workers of NVPH (96.16 b.min-1), Hi-tech (92.16 b.min-1), AINSH (92.9 b.min-1) and conventional farming (87.6 b.min-1). Though blood pressure of the workers from WIT (62/98mmHg) and NVPH (61/94mmHg) polyhouses was found significantly lower in comparison to workers of other polyhouse. High concentration of temperature, humidity and carbon-dioxide were significantly affecting the heart rate, blood pressure and lung function capacity of the workers of WIT and NVOH polyhouses. Lung function capacity and heart rate of the workers from WIT polyhouse was found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower in comparison to other polyhouses with conventional farming. On the basis of study working environment of Hitech polyhouse was found significantly appropriate for workers with temperature of 170C -210C in winter and 280C-320C in summer, humidity of 63%-71% in winter and 40%- 53% in summer and CO2 of 350 ppm-523ppm in winter and 378ppm-490ppm in summer.
Open Access
Assessing the environmental burden in rural habitat with indoor smoke from solid fuels
(CCSHAU, 2015) Anju Bala; Kiran Singh
The present study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana state to determine the domestic use of cooking fuels in rural habitat. Assessing the indoor air pollution level as per energy ladder and its effect on respiratory health and installation of MDV chullah and improved hara to combat indoor air pollution The survey of first phase revealed that majority of respondent were in between 20-30 years of age, illiterate, belongs to low caste families, had nuclear families with 3-6 members, and were agriculture labor with monthly income of Rs. 10,001 to 15,000 . Data showed that most of the respondents were using chullah for own food and hara for animal feed with fuel placed on lower rung of energy ladder i.e. crop waste and dung cakes, with total time spent for lunch was (51.6 min) on chullah followed by LPG (29.4 min), hara (15.3 min.) and angithi/bhathi (17.4 min) in Gangwa village. In village Ludas, the total mean time spent for cooking activities was (53.0 min) on chullah followed by LPG (28.4 min), hara (13.7 min.) and angithi/bhathi (15.9 min). While using chullah and hara, respondents faced many health problems of ‘headache’ and ‘irritation in eyes’. Majority of them were also having respiratory problems like ‘phlegm’ (sputum) ‘shortness of breath’ (2.6), ‘cough’ (2.5) and ‘wheezing’ (attacks) with mean score of 2.0, respectively. By using of dung cakes SPM and CO2 values were high in traditional hara in comparison to improved hara. There was significant difference of PEFR value in traditional and MDV chullah and improved hara. SPM and CO2 was found to be in Permissible limits with the use of improved hara and MDV chullah and hence, found to be reducing pollution burden to some extent. More motivational programmes need to be conducted with help of anganwadi workers to promote improved cook stoves for healthy environment and to reduce respiratory problems.
Open Access
Ergonomic Assessment Of Computer Usage And Workplace Design
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2005) Grover, Minakshi; Gandhi, Sudesh
Open Access
Study On Stress Management And Support System Among School Teachers
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2005) Dua, Kavita; Sangwan, Veena
Open Access
Vastu Shastra In House Construction And Furnishings
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2005) Neetima; Sangwan, Veena

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

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