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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Development of utility software for cost estimation of building a house(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Swati; Kiran SinghUndertaking a construction project can be an immense and intricate process, often leaving individuals feeling overwhelmed by its complexity. In an effort to simplify matters for them, a research study was designed with two objectives: to assess the potential challenges involved in building a house and to develop user-friendly utility software for estimating the costs of house construction. This study was conducted in the districts of Karnal and Hisar. A sample of 60 respondents was selected from individuals who were planning to start construction of new house, with 30 respondents from each district. The analysis was made for the potential challenges faced by these individuals during the house construction process. To address these challenges, a software application was created using the "Java" programming language. The development of this software involved conducting comprehensive market and internet surveys and seeking feedback from experts in the field. The final result was an application that was easy to use and navigate. Data for the study were collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. The researchers drew inferences from the collected data based on frequency, percentage, and weighted mean scores. The feedback received from the respondents indicated the usefulness of the software in assisting them with cost estimation. The research suggested development of similar applications for the public as well as general masses and recommended efforts to be made for making this software widely available in the market to facilitate ease and convenience for users.ThesisItem Open Access Study on green consumerism towards sustainable development(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Santosh Kumari; Dua, KavitaGreen consumer is environmentally and socially conscious and very concerned about the environment and, therefore, only purchases products that are environmentally-friendly or eco-friendly. The present study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state i.e. Hisar and Bhiwani. Two blocks from each district were randomly selected. Further, 75 respondents from each village was selected randomly. Thus, total 4 villages were selected to conduct the study thus making total sample size of 300 respondents for objective 1. For objectives 3twenty five respondents having low pre-exposure knowledge and also who were willing to attend the trainings were purposively selected from each village. Thus, total respondents were 100 (25 from each village). Knowledge was imparted to 100 respondents by imparting trainings through lecture-cum-demonstration and through multimedia (booklet, leaflet, poster and videos) prepared by the researcher. After a period of one month, impact of trainings on these 100 respondents was assessed in terms of gain in knowledge. A well structured and pretested interview schedule was developed according to the objectives of the study. It was found that majority of respondents regarding socio economic status showed that 43.0% of respondents belong from upper middle class. Maximum of respondents (44.7.3%) had medium family education status. This shows that more than half (51.2%) of the respondents had overall low knowledge and awareness at pre-exposure stage. Majority of respondents did not follow the eco friendly practices while purchase products at pre exposure stage. The results show that highly significant gain in knowledge was observed in all the respondents regarding all aspects of green consumerism at post exposure stage and highly gain in knowledge was found in awareness about ordinary products responsible for environmental degradation (9.76) and eco friendly home appliances (12.82). Positive correlation was found in all independent variables at 1% level of significant with gain in knowledge.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment and refinement of sickle for skill enhancement of women farmers(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Godara, Gargi; Chahal, Promila KrishnaWomen farmer were studied regarding their personal profile, work participation in agriculture activities. Further physical, physiological, biomechanical, psycho-physiological parameters of women famers were studied in different agriculture activities by using traditional sickle i.e.aari drati and sidhi drati. Result of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were in 35-45 yrs of age group (51.00%), were illiterate(39.00%), and cent percent were (100.00%) married, regarding occupation farming was the main family occupation among 65.00 percent, followed by respondent family education status was low (52.00 percent) among and58.00% family belonged to nuclear family, Most of them had less than 2.5 acre of land (53.00%)and were earning between Rs.60,000-4,20,000 annually (71.00%).Time spending was found5to8 hours per day in agriculture field (69.00%) and were found to be using sickle1 (Aari drati) 81.00% for agriculture work. Regarding physical parameters, the women farmers had an average age of x̅=35.6±4.11 yrs., body weight of x̅=58.60±5.80 kg, height of x̅=157.376.81cm, BMI of x̅=23.74±2.06 kg/m2and mean articular pressure of x̅=95.08±6.36. Physiological parameters showed that heart rate (2.63), oxygen consumption (2.06), and energy expenditure (1.31) increased significantly during work compared to rest, x̅=78.83±11.00 (b/min), x̅=1.45±0.13 (1/min), respectively. For Biomechanical parameters, the angle of back was increased during harvesting of mustard, wheat, and fodder crops, resulting in a maximum forwarded deviation of 17.1%, 42.35% and 31.20%, respectively. The mean grip strength of women farmers was observed in mustard harvesting was to be, the grip strength decreased by 14 percent and 18.54% to right and left hand, respectively. For wheat, the grip strength decreased by 13.69 percent and in fodder cutting, the grip strength was reduced by 12.95 percent. Psycho-Physiological parameters, the mean scores of musculoskeletal problems reported by women farmers during agriculture activities showed major problems in the elbows and lower back, upper arm and upper leg/thigh, and shoulder joint and lower back. The mean score of perceived exertion was x̅=2.7±.72 and x̅=4.3±.70 in sickle1 and sickle2. The drudgery index score revealed that harvesting of wheat was the maximum drudgery prone activity. Women farmers experienced skin rashes/irritation, scrapping of skin, callus, and blisters with both sickles. The SWOT analysis indicated that the sickle1 had potential to be a valuable tool, if ergonomically designed to suit women farmers’ physical characteristics. As per studied sickle were not found as per recommendation dimension. So, dimension of modified sickle were estimated based on anthropometry of women, women perspective and recommendation of BIS (1968), Nag et al. (1988) sickles designed for women. Dimensions decided for the modified sickle were base plate (12±2mm), blade width (26±2mm), blade thickness (3.5mm), outer length of blade (390mm), sickle length (310mm), max. handle length (106mm), max. handle diameter (32mm), length of ferrule (>20mm), chord length (230mm), sickle weight (180g), pitch (2mm), cutting surface (350mm), radius of curvature (122mm) and CS-CL ratio (1:5).ThesisItem Open Access Financial Literacy: Determinants and Implications in Financial Well-Being of Elderly(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-07) Kavita Rani; Kiran SinghIn recent years, financial literacy has become a major area of concern in India. People at large lack basic knowledge about financial matters concerned with day-to-day money management and saving for long term. Keeping in mind concern for elderly, the present study was conducted in two phases. The study was conducted in three districts i.e. Hisar, Fatehabad and Karnal of Haryana state. Further, five localities from each district were selected randomly and equal number of elderly people (150 from each district) in the age group of above 55 years of age, thus comprising of 450 elderly for Phase I. Out of 450 elderly, 140 were found to have low level of financial literacy and subjected further for financial education in Phase-II. Results revealed that majority of (61.33%) were having 55-65 years of age, were male (72.00%), graduated (37.11%), retired (56.44%) and had monthly income between 20,000-50,000. Living arrangement mostly (34.67%) was with spouse and family. All had saving accounts and even two third of them had 3-4 saving accounts. Google pay was found to be more in usage (46.00%) and majority (44.89%) availed Senior Citizen Saving Scheme. The male respondents (68.83%) had medium level of financial literacy in comparison to female respondents (22.22%). Financial literacy showed highly significant association with age, education, occupation, monthly income, assets and liabilities (p<0.01). Mostly male respondents (73.46%) had medium level of financial well-being on the contrary female respondents (38.89%). Majority of the respondent‟s primary short-term goal was paying for the property tax (MS 1.91) and in long-term goal was large estate for children (MS 1.70). The study further unveils that more number of the elderly had medium level of financial stress and prefer to discuss and take money from family as a adaptive coping strategies to relieve stress (MS 2.46). Highly significant difference was seen in financial literacy in male and female respondents in all the districts. The results found that highly significant association of financial stress with age, family type, family size, and occupation (p<0.01). Living arrangement were found to be highly significant associated with financial literacy (χ2=20.17**), financial well-being (χ2=23.46**) and financial stress (χ2=25.55**). Correlation of financial literacy with financial well-being was found to be positively significant. Financial stress showed high negative significant correlation with financial literacy and financial well-being in elderly from all districts. In Hisar district female respondents (Z=4.37**) found that maximum gain in knowledge in comparison to male respondents (Z=2.22*) after media mix approach.ThesisItem Open Access Fish diversity, their morphometric measurements, length weight relationship and physciochemical characteristics in drains of Rohtak district, Haryana(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-07) Parul; Gulati, RachnaDuring the study, forty-five species from Rohtak drain canal were recorded belonging to 9 orders, 14 families and 30 genera. Fish species belonged to order Cypriniformes, Osteoglossiformes, Anabantiformes, Perciformes, Cichliformes, Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes and molluscs belonged to order Architaenioglossa, Helisomascalaris. The percent distribution of fish species in different orders showed that maximum species (51%) belonged to Cypriniformes followed by Siluriformes (18%), Anabantiformes (11%). Osteoglossiform, Perciformes contributed 5 percent species and Synbranchiformes contributed 4 percent species. The rest of the orders, viz., Cichliformes, Architaenioglossa and Helisomascalaris were represented by 2 percent species each out of the total 45 species recorded during study period. The fish species composition as per IUCN status showed majority species belonged to least concern (35 species, 80%), 4 species (9%) as vulnerable, 2 species (5%) as near threatened, 1species (2%) as endangered, 1 species (2%) not evaluated and 1species (2%) data deficient. As per economic importance, 67 percent fishes have food value, 24 percent ornamental value and 9 percent fishes having both food and Ornamental value. Out of the total species recorded, 49 percent of the fish species each were omnivorous followed by 35 carnivorous and 9 percent herbivorous and 7% detritivorous fishes. The fishes of Cyprinidae, Channidae, Ambasidae, Bagridae, Siluridae and Ampulariidae family showed 100 percent catch frequency. The dominance of fish species was higher in month of November (0.4835). Highest Shannon index (1.198) was recorded in the month of April and least in November (0.7907). Length-length relationships for L. bata, C. mrigala, P. chola, M. vittatus, W. attu were highly significant and positive with the most of the coefficient determination value being greater than 0.90. The parameter “b” was less than 1 in all the length-length relationships and remained within the range of 0.113 to 0.954.In the present study, linear regression was highly significant for all species with R2values ranging from 0.581 (Labeo bata ) to 0.937 (Mystus vittatus). The estimated allometric coefficient a of the LWR ranged from 0.001 in Labeo bata to 0.376 in Mystus vittatus, while b ranged from 0.416 (Puntius chola) to 2.614 (Wallago attu). A curvilinear relationship was observed between total length and total weight. The results revealed negative allometric growth pattern for selected five fish species (b>3, p<0.05) and belonged to light group. The values of Fulton‟s condition factor were found more than one for Cirrhinus mirgala (1.008) and Puntius chola (36.096) which indicated good growth performance of these species. The Fulton‟s condition factor for Labeo bata was near to 1 (0.917) in the present study. A significant positive correlation was recorded between EC (0.65), turbidity (0.85), Dissolved oxygen (0.87), alkalinity (0.73) and number of fish per catch. Significant inverse relationship between Ammonia (-0.80), Hardness (-0.81) and the fish catch was recorded. The phytoplankton diversity with their abundance in drain canal water showed the presence of 27 genera belonging to three classes: Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) and Cynophyceae. Out of these,12 was of common abundance, 8 were of moderate abundance, 7 were of rare abundance. 10 zooplanktons species were recorded. Except Daphnia magna, Dhaphnia sp. and Chilodonella sp. (moderate abundance), the rest of the genera showed rare abundance.ThesisItem Open Access Study of building design of CCSHAU, Hisar and approaches to meet the needs of differently abled people.(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Aysha Be; PromilaStudy was conducted in CCS HAU, Hisar campus, for study objective-I; 30 differently abled people including employees (teaching and non-teaching) and student having any one of the four physical disabilities (vision, hearing, semi ambulatory, non-ambulatory) were selected randomly. Infrastructure design of College of Home Science, College of Agriculture, College of Agriculture Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Nehru Library, IG Auditorium and Fletcher Bhawan of CCSHAU, Hisar was studied as per standard of AICTE and CPWD guidelines. Retrofit measures were suggested for different features of building infrastructure. Based on findings of present study, it was found that 60.0 per cent respondent were between the age group of 20-28 years and were found to be doing non-teaching type of jobs (46.6%) and majority (80.0%) were having disability of semi ambulatory type. Regarding satisfaction on building infrastructure, 63.3 per cent of the respondents were found to be satisfied width door width of toilet while 60.0 per cent of the respondents were unsatisfied with signages used inside and outside of the toilet. 40.0 per cent of the respondents were found to be unsatisfied with the height of book shelf provided in the library whereas 70.0 per cent of the respondents were unsatisfied regarding the floors surface in the library Study revealed that 76.6 per cent people were able to travel to their work place independently while a were few respondents (6.6%) were taking partial assistance for toilet activity. Building design features were critically examine and observed on the basis of guidelines, findings of study revealed that doors of office, classroom and toilet were found to be appropriate as per standard dimension. Rear grab bar, emergency alarm and guiding blocks were major lacking features in all the buildings. Results of the study revealed that lighting level was measured for reception in COHS ( 170±1.6), COBS&H ( 190±2.1), COA ( 168±1.9), F.B ( 108±2.1) and I.G ( 126±1.2) were found less than the recommended dimensions. Further, study concluded that three buildings were having no provision of ramp at entrance, knee space of classroom furniture was measured but found to be less than the standard dimensions in all the buildings also uneven floor and front threshold making environment inaccessible for differently abled students as well as teachers. Essential features like accessible toilets, ramp, lift area and proper level of landing etc were found to be absent in some of the buildings. Based on present study, for creating barrier free environment and enhancing accessibility of differently abled people retrofit measures were suggested for different infrastructural design including; threshold steps, main building entrance, door, ramps, drooped kerb, stairs, lifts, corridors and functional areas such as classrooms, seminar hall/auditoriumThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and Usage of Energy Conservation Equipment and Methods by Rural Families(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Meenu; Sehgal, BinooEnergy is very essential in the entire process of evolution, growth and survival of the world. The endeavour to reduce energy consumption by utilizing less of an energy service is known as energy conservation. The energy consumption of Indian households is estimated to account for almost 40% of the country's total energy consumption. The study was conducted in Hisar district from Haryana state and four villages (Ludas, Rawalwas Khurd, Siswal and Neoli Kalan) adopted by College of Home Science under RAWE programme in the past years were purposively selected. For objective I, 50 respondents were randomly selected from each village. Thus, the total sample size was 200. Under objective II, knowledge about all the equipment and methods for energy conservation was imparted to 100 selected rural respondents (25 from each village) who were showing interest and were willing to gain knowledge. Gain in knowledge was studied after 30 days of imparting knowledge to 100 rural respondents. Questions were asked regarding willingness of respondents to adopt the energy conservation equipment. The results show that maximum number of respondents (59.5%) belonged to the age group of 20-35 years, 89.5 percent were married, educated up to 10+2 (27.5%) and farming was main family occupation (27.5%). 90.0 percent of the respondents had pre-knowledge regarding pressure cooker followed by CFL (74.5 %), box type solar cooker (34.5%), solar fan (33.0%), Improved chulha (MDV chulha) (30.5%) and solar inverter (30.0%). Maximum gain in knowledge was found about solar dryer (M.S.=0.82) followed by solar lantern, solar tubewell and solar room cooler. Maximum increase in adoption was found about LED (7.0%) followed by improved chulha (6.0%), CFL (5.0%) and solar fan (2.0%). The maximum gain in knowledge regarding energy conservation methods was found about “Buy domestic LPG stove with star level or ISI mark” (M.S.=0.79) followed by “Lighting should be installed according to the task to be done” (M.S. =0.77) and “Let the cold food extracted from the fridge come to normal temperature before cooking” (M.S.=0.75). The maximum increase in adoption of energy conservation methods was found about “Cover the utensil with a lid to speed up the cooking process” i.e. 74.0 percent followed by “Clean the condenser coils 3-4 times a year” i.e. 68.0 percent and “Dirty bulbs and tube lights reduce illumination, so keep them clean” i.e. 67.0 percent. After gaining knowledge, six respondents had adopted improved chulha (MDV chulha) and four respondents had adopted pressure cooker; two respondents had adopted solar light and solar fan; seven respondents had purchased LED, and many of the respondents were willing to adopt these equipment in future.ThesisItem Open Access Development and evaluation of head load manager for construction workers(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Yadav, Garima; Rana, KusumWomen construction workers at construction sites are primarily involved in various unskilled tasks like cleaning building sites, carrying bricks, gravel, mortar and water up to the skilled masons. The present study was conducted on women workers at construction sites to indicate work complexity in actual field conditions and ergonomic assessment of existing ergo solutions to address their issues related to musculoskeletal disorders. In Phase I, work profile of 30 women workers of 20-40 years of age engaged in head load carrying activity was evaluated and their ergonomic assessment done by providing them with existing ergo solutions, viz. HLM, HLC, HLH. In Phase II, the problems reported in Phase I were utilized for designing and development of Head Load Manager with the help of simulating software ANSYS. In Phase III, ergonomic assessment of 30 women workers was done by providing them the modified Developed Head Load Manager. In Phase IV, feasibility testing of the Developed Head Load Manager was done with the help of modified Rogers and Shoemaker Scale and User Assessment Sheet. The study revealed that majority of the respondents were in the age group of 30-40 years (66.67%), married (63.33%), illiterate (60%), belonged to nuclear family (70%), and hailed from West Bengal (30%). Majority of the respondents (60%) were employed on daily basis. More than half of the respondents (60%) received wages in between 250-350, and 50% were getting their wages on daily basis. The WHR (120.14b/min) of the respondents before activity was significantly lesser than that observed with Conventional Method (137.67 b/min), HLC (132.80b/min), HLM (134.86b/min) and HLH (133.77b/min). On the other hand, RHR (107.51b/min) was also significantly lesser in comparison to the other methods with respect to grip strength of right hand. In Phase II, Stainless steel, Gray cast iron, and Aluminium alloy were compared to obtain a low cost, durable and lightweight product. A 3D model was created with the help of ZWCAD software and their strengths were compared with the help of ANSYS by applying a force of 98N, 196N, 294N, and 392N. All of them had an acceptable level of deformation and von Mises stress. Gray cast iron material was preferred in making the final product, as it was cheaper than stainless steel and Aluminium alloy. The product was modified to decrease the discomfort while carrying bulky load on head and was designated as Developed Head Load Manager (DHLM). During Phase III, ergonomic assessment was done on 30 respondents and a highly significant decrease was observed in WHR (12.79b/min), RHR (10.84b/min) and EER (2.03kJ/min). Oxygen consumption rate also decreased up to 23.25 percent with DHLM. TCCW and PCW decreased by 821.55 beats, 13.69 b/min while using DHLM. Grip strength of right hand (14.61%) as well as left hand (17.68%) were reduced after performing the activity with DHLM. There was a significant reduction in the discomfort at head, neck, shoulders, upper back, upper arms, mid- back, chest, lower arms, wrists, lower back, buttocks, thighs, knee, legs, and feet. On the basis of various attributes i.e. relative advantage, compatibility, simplicity/complexity and practicability, practicability got the first rank (2.31) followed by relative advantage (2.15), while compatibility and simplicity/complexity got the third rank (2.07) each. The DHLM was acceptable to the women workers as it was found easy to handle, reduced their physiological and biomechanical stress and contributed to reduce their overall discomfort while carrying heavy load on the head. The findings of the study shall be helpful for the manufacturers and product designers to develop a prototype DHLM on mass scale for the benefit of workers engaged in construction industry, thereby mitigating the incidence of occupational hazards.ThesisItem Open Access Work-Life Balance of Female School Teachers of Urban and Rural Area(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Reetu Rani; Dua, KavitaThe present study was conducted in randomly selected Hisar and Panipat districts of Haryana state. The data was collected from the government senior secondary schools of urban and rural area of selected districts. A list of female post graduate teachers employed in schools of urban and rural area was prepared in both the selected districts. Out of that list, a sample of 80 respondent (40 from urban and 40 from rural area) was selected randomly of both districts respectively. Thus, comprising a total sample size of 160 respondents. A set of independent variables and three dependent variables viz. work profile, work life balance and general well-being were selected for this purpose. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency; percentage mean score, average mean score, independent z test and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Profiles of the respondents revealed that majority of the respondents were in 35-45 years of age group, married and belonged to joint family. Majority of them had service as their major occupation and annual family income between Rs.7-14 lakhs. it was observed that Workplace/ school is found to be extremely responsible for work life balance and the school organization do not provide adequate basic amenities and work life balance policies to the respondents which directly affects their work life balance. A significant difference was found in comparison of factors influencing the work life balance of female school teacher of urban and rural area and revealed that the factors related to work and family life affected the work life balance of rural area as compared to urban area. Support system from the family members also influence the work life balance of female school teachers. It was clearly found that age, family size, spouse working status, annual income of family, working hours at school, distance of home and travel time were positively associated and correlated significantly with the impact of factors influencing the work life and personal life of respondents of both urban and rural area. To achieve a healthy work life balance, female teachers perform various management strategies like meditation, relaxation technique, exercise, entertainment, sleep and delegation of work. It was clearly found that delegation of work was the most adopted strategy to attain a desirable work life balance as it got maximum average mean score (3.48) with first rank.
