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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and adaptation pattern regarding climate change by rural women in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Ankita; Santosh RaniIndia is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and significant measures are needed to build their knowledge level with the adaptation climate resilience. Women play a core role in agriculture and contribute to sustainable development. They are caretakers to the land as well as for their families. They play a critical role in sustaining not only their homes but also the entire food system and this is especially true in developing nations. A study on “Knowledge and adaptation pattern regarding climate change by rural women in Haryana” was conducted in Hisar district with a sample size of 120 rural women from four villages (30 from each village), two villages from Hisar-I and two villages from Hisar-II were selected randomly. The objectives of the present study were to assess the knowledge, adaptation pattern and problems faced by rural women regarding climate change. The data was collected regarding dependent and independent variables with the help of developed interview schedule and a set of 19 independent variables and 3 dependent variables were selected for the study. The collected data were analyzed with suitable statistical tools and techniques such as frequency, percentage and weighted mean score to reveal major findings. The findings revealed that most of the rural women were in the age group of 30-42 years were married had secondary/senior secondary level of education and belonged to nuclear family lived in rural areas. Majority had engaged in the occupation of farming with having marginal land holding with fully irrigated land. Majority of the rural women were growing wheat followed by cotton with farming experience of 11-15 years by using canal as their source of irrigation. Majority followed multiple cropping pattern followed by mono-cropping pattern. Some of the rural women were found to have participation in voluntary work. Books as a print media were mostly used, while television was the most used electronic mass media. The data represents that the rural women had medium knowledge regarding climate change followed by high and low level. The most adopted practices followed by rural women for crop production was contingent crop plan followed by use of ridges and furrows for energy and water resources, whereas for animal husbandry they mostly adopted the shifting shed location of the livestock and the rural women had alternative of worked at lower wages to generate income after any natural calamities. The constraint which the rural women always faced in adaptation was the lack of knowledge regarding appropriate adaption strategies. The rural women agreed for the personal problem of increase in socio-economic stress, while increase in drudgery was the household problem and the food related problem was raising high prices of food products day by day. The situational problem faced by the rural women was that they were highly dependent on monsoon. It is vital to take action to develop some programmes to raise knowledge of the effects of climate change on agriculture and its allied activities, as well as to develop mitigation techniques.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of online education on students learning at secondary school level in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023) Priya; Kundu, PoonamA study on “Impact of online education on students learning at secondary school level in Haryana” was conducted with sample size of 240 students in 2021-2022. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. It was a comparative study of rural v/s urban areas. For the present investigation eight schools (four government and four private higher secondary schools) were selected from both the areas. From the selected schools, 30 students both male and female were selected from XI and XII classes from respective schools. Various socio- personal, economic, decision making and communication variables constituted the independent variables and utilization pattern, satisfaction level and impact assessment constituted the dependent variables. Data were collected with the help of well structured interview schedule and the inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency and percentage. The study concluded that majority of the respondents were 17-18 years of age group who had nuclear medium sized families and had medium family educational status, possessed pucca house, doing private jobs and had annual income 2-3 lakhs with small, medium and marginal land holding. Most of the students takes decision only after consulting with family members and friends. Maximum of the students always seek information from their teachers and used group meetings on whatsapp chat. They never used any kind of print media source for getting information due to the prevalence of covid-19 and lockdown was imposed throughout the country rather they always used smart phones and portable data but never used wifi and computer. For online classes they used Google meet and Google classroom. Majority of the students frequently used whatsApp, youTube and instagram apps but youTube used for education purpose, instagram and snapchat for entertainment and whatsapp for information purposes. Regarding online education, medium level of satisfaction was observed but in urban area half of the students highly satisfied with ample time to make notes and 43.3 per cent students highly satisfied with provision of notes and reading material. Majority of the students perceived the impact of online education in terms of stress, fatigue and anxiety. In physical health maximum students perceived back ache, laziness, eye sight problem, headache and neck pain and these were common impact during online education. While no impact was observed in case of obesity, ergonomics and loss of appetite. Majority felt social isolation, lack of interaction with friends, relatives, teachers and neighbours. Whereas, no impact was found on interaction with parents and siblings.ThesisItem Open Access Gender wise participation and adoption of recommended technologies in mustard and pearl millet crops in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Anju; Kundu, PoonamPresent study was conducted in Hisar and Charkhi Dadri district of Haryana state . Two blocks namely Hisar-2 and Badhra selected randomly. Total four villages i.e. two from each block namely Kharia and Dobhi from Hisar -2 block and Nandha and Kadma from Badhra were selected randomly. Total 240 respondents i. e. 60 respondents were selected from each village by covering 30 male and 30 female respondents from each village, thus comprising a sample of 240 respondents were selected randomly.A set of Independent variables and five dependent variables viz. gender wise participation, assessment of knowledge, adoption, adoption gap and attitude of recommended mustard and pearl millet production technology. Socio- economic profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to age group between 36-51, had small size nuclear families belong to general caste, middle and high school education. Material possession profile of the respondents found that majority of the respondents possessed medium level domestic items, agriculture implements and high level means of transportation. In communication source accessibility & utilization observed that low level localite & cosmopolite sources. Whereas in mass media communication sources had medium level communication source accessibility & utilization respectively. In Crops growing pattern found that majority of the respondents had high level rabi and kharif crops grown. The data regarding credit acquisition indicated that majority of the respondents acquired credit in short term duration had taken credit from nationalized bank faced difficulty in procuring credit.Psychological variable in gender wise decision making participation in agricultural activities indicated that all male members had taken decision pertaining to land preparation, sowing, manure application and marketing in both districts. Cultivation practices adopted by the farmers observed that all respondents always used plain leveler, Blade hand hoe (Kasola), Spade, Sickle, and Gandasi in both dictricts. Majority of the male members participated in land preparation, sowing, manure application and marketing in both districts. Data regarding gender wise participation found that in ploughing, leveling, seed drill, cultivator, chemical and farm yard manure mechanical spray, irrigation and marketing activities were always performed by all male members in both districts. The majority of the respondents had more knowledge and adoption in Hisar district and male respondents had favourable attitude.ThesisItem Open Access A comparative study on hygiene management practices among rural women of Haryana and Uttarakhand(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Bhandari, Jagriti; Verma, VandanaThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana and Nainital district Of Uttarakhand. One block was selected from each district i.e. Hisar-I from Hisar district and Ramgarh from Nainital district. From each block two villages were selected randomly i.e. Kaimri and Mangali from Hisar-I block and Ghorakhal and Jhutiya from Ramgarh block. A sample of 120 (30 each) was taken to assess rural women's existing knowledge, attitude and practices on hygiene management. A set of 9 independent variables, 2 situational variables, 3 communication variables and 3 dependent variables were selected for the study. Majority of the respondents in Haryana were of age up to 36-40 years, educated upto primary, medium family education status, family size of more than 6 members, joint type of family, had nil social participation, medium material possession and pucca houses. They had annual family income above Rs. 4 lakhs and main family occupation was farming. Meanwhile, Majority of respondents in Uttarakhand were in the age group of 36-40 years, illiterate, low family education status, family size of 4 members, nuclear type of family, had nil social participation, low material possession and kutcha houses. Majority of respondents of Uttarakhand had family annual income below 2 lakhs and main occupation was business. For all the four domains of hygiene management practices, nearly three fourth of the respondents were found to be under low to medium category. Personal hygiene management practices were slightly better in Haryana compared to Uttarakhand. Both states had different traditions and practices towards food and domestic hygiene falling under low to medium category. Environmental hygiene practices were more better in Uttarakhand compared to Haryana. Nearly three fourth of the respondents had low to medium knowledge level regarding personal, food, domestic and environmental hygiene and their importance. Albeit, attitude of the respondents towards personal, food, domestic and environmental hygiene was unfavorable followed by neutral. Among the respondents of Haryana major health-related problems were Backache and pain in limbs followed by Physical injuries and Weakness and tiredness and Reproductive health problems respectively. Meanwhile, in Uttarakhand, major health-related problems were Backache and pain in limbs followed by Socio-economic stress and Physical injuries and Skin allergy respectively. Skin allergy, socio-economic stress and cold and flu were more prevalent in Uttarakhand compared to Haryana. Blood pressure-related problem, Abdominal cramps or discomfort during periods and asthma were more found in Haryana compared to Uttarakhand. In both the states, hygiene management practices were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with education and annual income respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Prevalence of stress related to work and family among farm women(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Diksha Rani; Verma, VandanaThe present study was conducted in Haryana state to analyse prevalence of stress related to work and family among farm women. To draw representative sample, four districts from two agro climatic zones of Haryana state was drawn. Further, two villages from each selected district were selected randomly. Out of each selected village, 25 unpaid farm women were selected at random thus making a total of 200 respondents. Various socio- personal, economic and communication variables constituted the independent variables. Work and family task load, major stressors related to work and family, role perception and perceived role conflict constituted the dependent variables. Socio- personal, economic and communication profile of the respondents revealed that Maximum number of the respondents were 40-50 years of age, educated up to primary level followed by up to senior secondary level were married and having 0-2 children. Majority of the respondents were unemployed and homemaker/unpaid farm labour in both zones with no income with medium level of social participation. Most of the agricultural activities related to manual operations such as cleaning seeds, cleaning fields, winnowing, threshing, and storage practices were carried out by the majority of the respondents while participation of respondents was very low in activities related to buying and selling such as buying equipment or selling production in both zones. Medium level of task load was found in maximum number of respondents. The study revealed that financial risk, time pressure and uncontrollable natural forces were major stressors among farm women related to farming. Strain in household chores and balancing work and family responsibilities was found as a major stressor for respondents. Regarding role perception majority of the respondents reported only females had social pressure and family obligations. Majority of the respondents perceived medium level of fatigue with farm and household work. Medium level of physical stress, emotional stress, mental stress was perceived by the most of the respondents. Farm task load, total task load, perceived stress, fatigue and self-esteem were found to be significantly different in both zones.ThesisItem Open Access Usage of information and communication technologies by extension personnel at KVKs in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Jyoti; Dahiya, ManjuInformation and communication technology in agriculture (ICT in agriculture), also known as e-agriculture, is developing and applying innovative ways to use ICTs in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture. Farmers are sometimes hesitant to adopt new technologies because they fear losing their traditional methods of cultivation. Convincing them should be the first step in encouraging rural ICT use. The socio-demographic profile of extension personnel from all the KVKs of Haryana state reveled that majority of the respondents (56.2%) fall into the age group of 29-40 years, were males (75.0%), Subject Matter Specialists (78.7%), had a service experience of 1-5 years (37.5%), majority of the respondents were PhD with NET (97.5%) and were from the discipline of agronomy (25.0%). Cent per cent of extension personnel had availability and accessibility to ICT with them. Majority of the respondents (90.0%) had basic purpose of gaining/updating knowledge and printing/ publication (printed online), majority of the respondents utilized ICT for gaining information on nursery management with (WMS-2.63), (56.2%) utilized 1-2 GB internet per day where 31.2 percent had the extent of usage for 2-4 hours, regarding media exposure, majority of respondents (95.0%) had exposure of package of practices. Index showed that 81.8% of the extension personnel had knowledge regarding information communication technology. Majority (76.5%) of respondents from the discipline economics were using ICT (rank-I) for dissemination of knowledge followed by soil science (71.0 %) with (rank- II). Majority of the respondents found e-mausamhau krishi seva most supportive platform with (Garret score 88.97) for weather information. ―Economic constraints‖ with composite index- 82.96 (rank- I) followed by ―infrastructural and technical‖ constraints with composite index – 82.70 (rank – II) were the major constraints faced by extension personnel. It was found that the age, gender, hours of power supply of the respondents had significant correlation with acquisition of knowledge. For dissemination of knowledge also the age, gender, post held, service experience, hours of power supply of the respondents had significant correlation with solving problems (r= 0.247), demonstrating new technology (r= 0.223), imparting training (r= 0.235), giving advice to farmers (r= 0.224), preparing media (r = 0.2.18) and contacting farmers (r= 0.211). It was suggested by cent per cent of the extension personnel that there should be establishment and strengthening of ICT center, liason and access with agricultural research centers through ICT followed by access to e-external sources 97.5 percent and at village level information kiosk should be developed 8.7 percent.ThesisItem Open Access Communication and leadership effectiveness of supervisors of ICDS scheme in Hisar district(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Heena; Seema RaniA study on, ―Communication and Leadership Effectiveness of Supervisors of ICDS Scheme in Hisar District‖ was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The present study was conducted to investigate the communication pattern and leadership effectiveness of ICDS supervisors of Hisar district. For the present investigation, three type of respondents were selected under present study i.e. Supervisors, Anganwadi workers and rural women. To study the communication pattern and leadership effectiveness of ICDS supervisors, a sample of 6 supervisors, 30 anganwadi workers and 120 rural women constitute the final sample of the study. Most of the supervisors were from upper middle age group i.e. 47-56 years, were from general caste. Majority of them were graduate having joint families of large size. In case of Anganwadi workers, majority of them were from lower middle age group i.e. 38-47 years, matriculate from general caste having nuclear families of medium size. Family occupation of majority of the supervisors was Government service having 12-18 years of experience. While 53.3 percent of Anganwadi workers were having 12-18 years of experience with annual income between 4 to 6 lakh. While in case of rural women 60 percent were from younger age group i.e. 20-28 years, 45.0 percent were from scheduled caste, 35.0 percent were matriculated. Most of them were married having joint families of medium size. Maximum numbers of supervisors were having medium level of print and high level of electronic media utilization while 53.3 percent anganwadi workers were having medium level of print media and high level of electronic media utilization. Print media utilization of 42.5 percent rural women was of low level while 45.8 percent were having medium level of electronic media utilization. Maximum number of supervisors (66.7%) and 50 percent anganwadi workers attended 19-24 trainings on different aspects during the last five years of their job. A total of 50 percent of supervisors organized 17-22 trainings for anganwadi workers while 60 percent anganwadi workers organized 11-16 trainings for rural women. This study concluded that ICDS Supervisors communication pattern was of medium level and leadership effectiveness level was high and all variables significantly correlate with each other. Medium level of Communication effectiveness of supervisors was reported followed by high level effectiveness by Anganwadi workers while low level by rural women. The overall communication behaviour including information input, information processing and information output behaviour of majority of supervisors were in medium level category. Leadership effectiveness was seen in terms of leadership effectiveness index, proper work enforcement and job performance of supervisors and leadership effectiveness. Leadership effectiveness index was worked out which was recorded 86.33 percent by supervisors and 83.33 percent by Anganwadi workers. Most of the supervisors had favorable attitude towards leadership. The supervisor‘s opinion about leadership effectiveness had positively significant correlation with communication pattern. Age, education, annual income, training and experience of supervisors were significantly correlation with communication pattern and leadership effectiveness.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) by research faculty in CCS HAU, Hisar(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Meenu; Verma, VandanaThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. All the colleges of university were selected for collection of data. Thus, a total of 120 research faculties were selected by simple random sampling technique from each selected college. Data was collected with the help of well-structured questionnaire. A set of 9 independent, 3 communication and 3 dependent variables were selected for the study. Majority of the respondents were male having age between 37-47 years with PhD with NET having service experience of 6-10 years belonged to nuclear type of family and had medium family educational status. They had annual income in between Rs. 8 lakhs to Rs. 14 lakhs and in service and family income was in between Rs. 15 lakhs to 25 lakhs. Cent percent of the respondents had availability of smart phones and television followed by newspapers and regarding attaining information books, smart phones and WhatsApp was utilized by majority of the respondents. Majority of the respondents had availability of all ICT services such as computer, mobile phone, television, Wi-Fi and E resources at department/workplace. Frequency of usage of ICT services such as computer, mobile phones, MS Word, Google Drive was high followed by printer while availability and usage of radio and iPad was less among respondents. Knowledge and access regarding MS office, online ICT applications was medium to high among majority of the respondents. Knowledge and access regarding internet were medium to low while knowledge and access regarding scientific portal/website/tools was found low among respondents. It was noted that regarding the knowledge, access and usage of ICT based on research life cycle, majority of the respondents had knowledge about remote sensor, coding, presentation, audio/video interaction while access and usage was found medium to low among respondents. With respect to the constraints faced by the research faculties, eye problem due to continuous working, headache due to workload, accessing free and paid online facilities and time management due to heavy workloads, limited availability of specific training programs were major constraints faced by the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge, Skill and Usage Pattern of Internet by Undergraduate Students of College of Home Science, CCS HAU Hisar(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Kapila; Yadav, BeenaThe study was purposively conducted at I C College of Home Science, CCS HAU Hisar by including a sample of 200 undergraduate girl students (100 rural and urban each). Independent variables were personal, economical, communicational and psychological. ICT availability, accessibility and affordability; digital literacy and training exposure were situational variables. Knowledge and skills in use of Internet, usage of Internet and constraints in use of Internet were dependent variables. The data were collected with the help of questionnaire and analyzed calculating percentage, mean score,„t‟ test and Garrett score. Majority of rural and urban students were between 20- 24 years of age, nonhostellers, had nuclear family with 3- 5 members, 1st born, from general category and were from science background. Majority of rural students had marginal landholding. Only a little more than quarter of the students availed scholarship. Parents and peers were main source of information regarding use of Internet. The rural and urban students reported average and good speed of Internet, respectively. Maximum number of rural as well as urban students was members of online classmate group and paid Rs. 150-349 monthly for Internet connection .More than 90.0 percent had no training to sharpen Internet knowledge and skills. Majority had appreciative opinion about Internet. Time taken by rural students to avail ICT facilities was more than the urban students. More number of urban students reported good speed of connection The Internet connection was reported affordable by 60.0 percent of the rural students and 89.0 percent urban students. Urban students had significantly more skills of Internet use than rural students. Overall percent knowledge score of rural and urban students was 44.0 percent and 67.4percent, respectively. There was maximum skill gap in medium related operational Internet skills (28.1%) followed by online meeting (21.6%) accessing and using of social media (20.7%), updating application and device (18.0%),content related operational Internet skills (17.0%) accessing and using e mail (16.2%) and accessing web page (13.4%). All the students used Internet daily for 3- 6 hours a day on an average. Majority of rural students used Internet for instant messaging and online classes whereas urban students used Internet for watching movies, series and other entertainment videos and online classes. Total sixteen constraints i.e. seven of technological nature and nine of personal and technical nature were perceived by the students. Interruption in network was the most severe technological constraint of rural as well as urban students. Distant location of the Internet facility, problem in downloading, surveillance/ privacy concern, lack of awareness about uses of e- facilities and restricted use were the most severe constraints of rural students. Slow functioning of server, difficulty in finding relevant information, lack of time, non- availability of required information and restricted use were the major constraints reported by urban students.
