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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2013 - 20143
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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pollination studies in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Jat, Manoj Kumar; Chaudhary, O.P.
    Field experiment entitled “Pollination studies in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)” as conducted at Forage Section, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2012 and 2013. The flower of T. Alexandrinum completed their life cycle on an average 173.3±13.3 hours during 2012 and 200.4±2.4 hours during 2013. A total of forty five insect species belonging to 25 families of 6 orders were recorded on the T. alexandrinum flowers. Apis dorsata F. was most abundant floral visitor (4.90/m2/5 min.) followed by A. mellifera (2.69/m2/5 min.) and A. florea 0.30/m2/5 min. during 2012. A. dorsata (3.08/m2/5 min.) was the most abundant species followed by A. mellifera (2.61/m2/5 min.) and Eristalinus spp. During 2013. The maximum amount of dry nectar sugars was produced by fully opened flower at 10.00 h (2.468 mg/flower), 13.00 (2.446) and 16.00 (2.444). The fully opened flowers produced maximum amount of energy 41.05 joules/flower followed by half open flowers (31.80 joules). The overall mean foraging rate was maximum in A. florea and A. mellifera (7.2 and 7.1 flowers/min., respectively) and minimum (5.1) in nectar forager A. dorsata. A. dorsata visited maximum number of flowers/minute while collecting N+P (7.2) followed by P (6.3) and least for nectar (5.1). The mean foraging speed of A. dorsata was maximum (17.9 seconds/flower) followed by A. florea (16.1) and A. mellifera (5.6).The A. mellifera foragers spent least time on T. alexandrinum flowers while foraging for N+P (4.6 second) followed by P (4.9) and N (7.4). Highest number of loose pollen grains were carried on the body of A. dorsata foragers (79,625) followed by A. mellifera (73,250) and A. florea (36,375). The overall mean relative pollination efficiency (RPE) ranking for the forager groups of three honey bee species in descending order were: (N+P) A. dorsata > (P) A. dorsata > (P) A. mellifera > (N+P) A. mellifera > (N) A. dorsata > (N) A. mellifera > (P) A. florea > (N+P) A. florea = (N) A. florea. It was concluded that N+P foragers (16.4 RPE) of A. dorsata were the most efficient pollinators of T. alexandrinum flowers followed closely by pollen forager (13.3 RPE). The seeds setting (%), seed yield, 1000 grains seed weight and per cent germination of T. alexandrinum significantly increased under bee pollination treatments than compared to other treatments. Saturated bee pollination by employing an 8- frame A. mellifera colony resulted in significantly higher yield over lower intensity bee pollination (4 and 2 frame colonies) and open pollination. The utility of T. alexandrinum crop as highly valuable nectar and pollen sources was confirmed for A. mellifera colony development.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioecology and management of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius on cotton
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Chandappa Kedar, Santoshkumar; Saini, R.K.
    Studies on bioecology and management of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius on cotton were carried out during 2011-13, both in the laboratory as well as Research Farm of the Department of Entomology, CCS HAU, Hisar. Biology of the pest was studied under screen house conditions (31.3 to 35.1oC temperature; 43 to 75.8 % R.H.) during July, 2012-13 on potted plants of cotton variety H-1117 and Bt cotton hybrid RCH 134 BG II. The results indicated that Bemisia tabaci female laid on an average 41.2 (34-49) eggs on H-1117 while 59.25 (45-69) eggs on Bt hybrid RCH 134 BG II. The incubation period of the eggs lasted for 2-5 days. Duration of different nymphal instars on H-1117 was 3.0-5.5, 2.5- 4.5, 2.0-5.0 and 3.0-6.0 days for the first, second, third and pupae, respectively. On RCH 134 BG II, the duration was 3.0-5.0, 2.0-5.0, 2.0-5.0 and 4.0-6.5 days for first, second, third and pupae, respectively. Total life span on H-1117 was 21.5-28.0 and 19.0-26.5 days for female and male, respectively, while it was 20.0-27.0 and 18.0-24.5 days for female and male, respectively on RCH 134 BG II. Population dynamics study of B. tabaci nymphs and adults on H-1117 and Bt hybrid RCH 134 BG II indicated that the pest reached its peak twice in the cotton growing season during 2011 and 2012 (28th to 30th SW and 40th to 41st SW). However, in 2013 only single peak of the pest activity was observed (30th SW). Among the abiotic factors, minimum temperature and wind speed had significant negative correlation with adult whitefly population whereas no significant correlation was found with maximum temperature, relative humidity, sunshine and rainfall. Nymphal population had non-significant correlation with all the weather parameters, except evening relative humidity during 2013 where it had a significant positive correlation. Multiple regression analysis between B. tabaci (nymph and adult) and weather parameters revealed that all the weather parameters accounted for 47 to 52 per cent and 34 to 57 per cent variability in adult whitefly population. B. tabaci was recorded on one or the other host plants round the year and as many as 114 host plants belonging to 32 families. On the basis of number of plant species attacked, the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Solanaceae were the most preferred families. The highest population density of the pest was recorded on Gossypium hirsutum (35.2 adults/leaf), followed by Solanum melongena (28.3), Lablab purpureus (26.3), Glycine max (25.4) and Vigna umbellata (24.2). A total of 25 species of arthropod natural enemies were found to be associated with B. tabaci in cotton ecosystem during the study period. These included 17 spider species, five coccinellids, one neuropteran, one hemipteran and one parasitoid species. Seasonal abundance of spiders, coccinellids, chrysopids and parasitization on cotton indicated that the peak activity of these predators and parasitoid coincided with peak pest population. Among the abiotic factors, maximum and minimum temperature, and wind speed had significant negative effect on population buildup of spiders, coccinellids and chrysopids. The morning relative humidity showed significant positive correlation with population buildup of spiders, coccinellids, and chrysopids. The weather parameters had no significant effect on the per cent parasitization of B. tabaci nymphs by Encarsia lutea. Predatory potential study of Serangium parcesetosum indicated that during the larval duration of 12.8 days, a larva consumed 560.2 nymphs of B. tabaci. Heavy natural infection of B. tabaci adults by entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces javanicus, was recorded for the first time from north India. Among the various insecticides evaluated, novaluron and azadirachtin were effective against B. tabaci nymphs, while triazophos, acephate, dimethoate, imidacloprid and cartap hydrochloride against adults.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the biology, population dynamics and screening of rice germplasm for resistance against brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (Stal)
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Tetarwal, Arvind Singh; Lakhi Ram
    Field experiment entitled “Studies on the biology, population dynamics and screening of rice germplasm for resistance against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)” was conducted at research farm of Department of Entomology, Rice Research Station, Kaul, Kaithal (290 51′ 29.5" N latitude, 760 39′ 24.3" E longitude and elevation 230.7 m), CCS HAU, Hisar during Kharif, season 2011 and 2012. The eggs were laid in clusters of 3 to 14 eggs per cluster. Maximum eggs on leaf sheath (89.4%) followed by midrib (7.2%) and minimum (3.7%) eggs were laid in stem. The egg stage lasted for 9.6±0.24 days and 80.20 per cent hatchability. The planthopper nymph passed through five instars. The mean duration of third instar was maximum. The nymphal period ranged from 16-20 days with a mean value of 18.3 days at mean minimum and maximum temperatures of 24.8 and 30.6 ºC, respectively. Nymphal survival and adult emergence was 85 per cent. The sex ratio was 1: 1.31 (Male: female). The pre-ovipositon, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 3.1, 13.0 and 5.0 days, respectively. Longevity of males and females ranged from 14-18 and 18-22 with an average period of 15.9 and 20.1 days, respectively. On an average a female laid 118.2 (89-146) eggs during its life span. The population of BPH appeared during 31st standard meteorological week (SMW) and 32nd SMW during 2011 and 2012, respectively and reached on its peak in 39th SMW during both consecutive years except on variety CSR 30 planted in June where it was in 37th and 42nd SMW during 2011 and 2012, respectively. The population build up of BPH was significantly differed with respect to varieties and dates. The population of BPH was higher on CSR 30 as compared to PR 114 during the study periods. Population of spiders occurred simultaneously with BPH. The population of mirid bugs appeared late and was highest in October during both years. Other natural enemies (parasitoids and beetles) remained low throughout the sampling period. The population of BPH was positively correlated with spiders, mirids and parasitoids while a highly negative correlation was observed with minimum temperature and rainfall on both varieties during 2011 and 2012. Out of 178 rice genotypes, 5 were found resistant (R), 28 were moderately resistant (MR), 102 genotypes were rated as moderately susceptible (MS) and 43 susceptible (S) with damage score 3, 5, 7 and 9, respectively. Four promising genotypes were found resistant in screen house during 2012.