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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Screening Of Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus Spp. Against Mushroom Flies And Their Management(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2009) Joshi, Gagan; Mrig, K.K.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of spodoptera litura (FAB.) and plutella xylostella L.(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2009) Gouda, Suresh; Rohilla, H. R.ThesisItem Open Access Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in sunflower(CCSHAU, 2009) Nain, Rohit; Dashad, S. S.The present studies were carried out for screening of sunflower genotypes for resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), to correlate the H. armigera population with some plant physical characters and abiotic factors, to study the bio-efficacy of some insecticides against H. armigera and to estimate the avoidable yield losses due to H. armigera in sunflower during rabi, 2008 at Oilseed Research Area, Department of Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. The results obtained from these studies indicated that four genotypes namely HSFH 1188, HSFH 1067, SH 3322 and KBSH 44 showed good level of resistance to this pest. Two genotypes PSFH 914 and HSFH 1015 considered as most susceptible. Among plant physical characters in relation to oviposition and larval population of H. armigera the results revealed that plant height showed significant negative correlation whereas, head diameter, days to flowering initiation and days to fifty per cent flowering showed non-significant negative correlation with oviposition and larval population of H. armigera. Among abiotic factors temperature showed negative to oviposition and positive correlation to larval population whereas relative humidity showed significant positive to oviposition and negative correlation to larval population. Bright sunshine hours showed significant negative to oviposition and positive correlation to larval population. Rainfall and wind speed showed positive correlation to oviposition whereas showed negative correlation to larval population. Spinosad was found most effective on the basis of mean per cent reduction in H. armigera larval population which was at par with endosulfan followed by quinalphos and indoxacarb. In field conditions, efficacy of insecticides against H. armigera in descending order was spinosad > endosulfan > quinalphos > indoxacarb > thiodicarb > profenophos > fenvalerate > cypermethrin > Bt. Kurstaki. On the other hand cost benefit ratio was maximum in case of endosulfan (1:21.3) followed by quinalphos (1:15.8) and it was 1:5.5 in case of spinosad. Maximum avoidable yield loss (25.10%) and increase in grain yield (33.50%) was recorded in plots treated with spinosad followed by endosulfan.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of some Brassica genotypes on development and reproduction of mustard aphid, lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) and its predator, coccinella septempunctata (L.)(CCSHAU, 2009) Chetan Singh; S. P. SinghAn experiment was conducted during the ‘Rabi’ season 2008-09 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Development and reproduction of L. erysimi (Kalt.) and its predator C. septempunctata (L.) were studied on different four Brassica species comprising each, two genotypes of rapeseed mustard viz., Brassica campestris ( BSH and YST 151 ), B. juncea ( RH 30 and RH 9501), B. carinata (HC 212 and DLSC 2 ) and B. napus ( HNS 9605 and TERI (00) R 9903). The above studies were conducted at three plant growth stages on different plant parts, i.e. sixth leaf plant stage (20-25 days after germination), grown up plant stage (45-50 DAG) and full flowering/pod formation stage (65-70 DAG). At sixth leaf plant stage (20-25 DAG) the nymphal development of L. erysimi was faster (8.3 days) on TERI (00) R 9903, the average adult longevity and fecundity per female were maximum (18.6 days and 100.3 nymphs) as compared to other genotypes and it was because of low glucosinolates (GLS) (25.10 μ mole/g defatted meal). On HNS 9605, the mustard aphid had maximum nymphal period (9.8 days), lowest adult longevity (17.5 days) and minimum fecundity per female (68.9 nymphs) closely followed by DLSC 2 due to high amount of GLS (54.30 μ mole/g defatted meal) in genotype, HNS 9605 and DLSC 2. Similar trend was also observed at grown-up plant stage (45-50 DAG) and at full flowering/pod formation stage (65-70 DAG) for L. erysimi development and reproduction. Development and feeding potential of C. septempunctata was studied under laboratory conditions on L. erysimi reared on different rapeseed mustard genotypes. pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, post-oviposition period, fecundity per female and sex ratio were varied from 3.5 to 7.3, 13.5 to 16.5, 2.8 to 4.8 days, 368.5 to 550.0 eggs per female and 1:1.3 to 1:1.7, respectively. It was minimum on genotype, HNS 9605 and maximum on TERI (00) R 9903. The incubation period, total period of grub instar, pupal period, male and female adult longevity were recorded maximum (4.6, 11.4, 4.6, 22.5 and 28.6 days, respectively) on genotype, TERI (00) R 9903 and minimum (3.8, 10.0, 3.8, 17.8 and 19.3 days, respectively) on HNS 9605. The total number of aphids consumed by a grub C. septempunctata to become pupa varied from 301.8 to 359.5 aphids and it was minimum on genotype, HNS 9605 and maximum on TERI (00) R 9903. While, male and female adults of C. septempunctata were also consumed minimum number of aphids (1773.5 and 1984.7 aphids) on genotype, HNS 9605 and consumed maximum number of aphids (2038.4 and 2490.2 aphids) on genotype, TERI (00) R 9903.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of garlic Allium sativum (L.) against pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in chickpea seeds(CCSHAU, 2009) A. Arulraj; Ram SinghThe garlic products viz, oil, powder and extracts (methanol, hexane, chloroform and acetone) were tested for their insecticidal activities against adults of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in chickpea seeds using contact, fumigant and repellent methods. Garlic oil at 0.5% and 1.5%, garlic powder at 2 and 4%, extracts at 2 and 3% were used to test the contact action and persistence of these products. For contact action, observations were recorded after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of release of beetles at 45 days interval up to 6 months. Responses varied according to products, doses and periods. Garlic oil 0.5 and 1.5% gave 100% adult mortality after one day of release of the beetles, methanol extract 3% and hexane extract 3% showed 100% adult mortality after 3 days of release whereas x rest of the treatments exhibited 100 % adult mortality after 7 days of release of beetles. After 45 days of treatments, only the garlic oil 1.5% given 100% mortality after one day of release of beetles whereas in the remaining treatments adults mortality was decreased with periods. The garlic oil 1.5% protected the chickpea seeds from egg laying of pulse beetles up to six months whereas the garlic oil 0.5 %, methanol extract 2 and 3% were effective up to 7 days to prevent egg laying by pulse beetle thereafter, egg laying increased with periods. In terms of persistence of garlic products, only the garlic oil 1.5% was most effective to reduce the % seed damage, number of holes and number of eggs up to six months while, the garlic oil 0.5% and methanol extract 3% protected the seeds with tolerable limits (10% seed damage) up to two months, rest of the treatments were less effective. For fumigant action, filter paper impregnation method was used. Garlic oil 1ml/ cm2 gave 100% adult mortality within 24 h of exposure whereas methanol extract 1ml/cm2 required 24 h to give 100% mortality while, remaining treatments needed more than 72 h to give 100% mortality. In terms of egg laying, only the garlic oil prevented egg laying. For repellent action, only the garlic oil 1.5% exhibited noticeable egg reduction whereas remaining treatments less effective. The garlic products [oil at 0.5% and 1.5%, extracts (methanol, hexane, chloroform and acetone) at 2 and 3% powder at 2 and 4%] had no adverse effects on standard germination, seed vigour index of chickpea seeds and organoleptic characteristics (colour, aroma, appearance, texture, taste and overall acceptability) of chickpea grains.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of spodoptera litura (Fab.) and plutella xylostella L(CCSHAU, 2009) Gouda, Suresh; Rohilla, H. R.The present investigations were undertaken for the management of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and Plutella xylostella L. by indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) under in vitro and screen-house conditions on cabbage. Fifty samples collected from vegetable fields in and around Hisar and Bhiwani, yielded three EPN isolates. These were identified as Steinernema abbasi (Isolate SU-2), S. abbasi (SU-3), Steinernema sp. (SU-1). These three EPN isolates along with Heterorhabditis indica (procured) were tested against major insect pests such as S. litura, P. xylostella, Achroia grisella, Earias vittella, Corcyra cephalonica, Helicoverpa armigera and Galleria mellonella for host range studies. All the isolates were lethal to insect pests exposed but pathogenicity varied among them. In pathogenicity studies using filter paper and sand barrier methods on S. litura and P. xylostella, the larval mortality increased with EPN dose and time of exposure. Among isolates, S abbasi (SU-3) proved best in filter paper as well as sand barrier methods against both test insects. In sand barrier method, larval mortality was more even at lower doses of EPNs. Temperature had a positive effect on larval mortality by EPN isolates. H. indica was most effective and caused 96.7 per cent larval mortality in S. litura and 96.3 per cent in P. xylostella. In screen-house studies, involving foliar spray of EPNs on cabbage, the larval mortality started after 48 h and it was highest by S. abassi (Su-2) at 72 h. In general, yield of infective juveniles of EPNs in all the experiments increased with time, dose and temperature.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of cowpea genotypes for resistance to leafhopper, empoasca kerri pruthi(CCSHAU, 2009) Madhukarrao, Suradkar Vijaykumar; Malik, V. S.The studies entitled “Evaluation of cowpea genotypes for resistance to leafhopper, Empoasca kerri Pruthi” were carried out in both field and laboratory conditions during 2008. Thirty genotypes of cowpea were evaluated for field resistance to leafhopper Empoasca kerri Pruthi. On the basis of nymph population at peak period of incidence, eight genotypes viz., CS-88 as resistant, IC-202790A and EC-17574-6 as moderately resistant, EC-394838 and HFC-42-1 as susceptible, V-240 and IC-5890 as highly susceptible and FS-68 as cultivated variety were selected to study their effect on the nymph survival and development. Various phytochemicals were also estimated to find out their influence on development and survival of leafhopper. The resistant genotypes harboured significantly (p < 0.05) less population of leafhopper nymphs than susceptible genotypes. Nymph survival was lower on resistant genotypes (57.04 to 66.66%) than that on susceptible genotypes (77.04 to 86.67%). The nymph period was 7.54 to 7.87 days on resistant genotypes greater than susceptible genotypes with nymph period of 5.63 to 6.11 days. Thus nymphs took 1.76- 1.91 days more to become adult on resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. It was found that the concentration of nitrogen, protein, total sugar, moisture, chlorophyll and zinc content was higher in susceptible genotypes as compared to resistant genotypes. On the other hand the concentrations of tannin, total phenol, potassium, phosphorus and iron were higher in resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes. But the concentration of copper did not show any significant difference between resistant and susceptible genotypes. Among biochemical constituents, zinc (r= 0.80) and chlorophyll content (r= 0.71) had positive and significant impact on nymph survival, whereas, tannin (r= -0.94), potassium (r= -0.81) and total phenol (r= -0.74) had negative and significant effect on leafhopper survival. The influence of zinc (r= -0.75) was negative and significant on nymph duration, but tannin (r= 0.89) and potassium (r= 0.80) manifest positive and significant correlation with nymph duration. Effect of moisture, nitrogen, protein, total sugar, phosphorus, copper and iron was nonsignificant on both survival and development of nymph of leafhopper.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of genetically modified bt cotton hybrids against major insect pests(CCSHAU, 2009) Ramesh Kumar; Dahiya, K.K.To study the influence of genetically modified Bt cotton cultivars on major insect pests, field experiments were conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif 2008. Twenty three Bt genotypes viz., MRC-6025 Bt, NCS-950 Bt, VBCH-1504 BG-I, MRC-7045 BG-II, AJEET-33 BG-II, PCH-406, NCS- 138 Bt, TULSI-4 BG- II, BULLET-707 BG-II, ANKUR-2226 BG-I, RCH-308 Bt, MRC-6029 Bt, RCH- 317 Bt, MRC- 6304 BT, RCH- 314 Bt, Sandeep SDS- 9, OM-333, MRC-7017 BG-II, VBCH-1008 Bt, MRC-7041 BG-II, Vibha Seeds Ole-Bt and non-Bt genotypes, one hybrid (HHH-223) and one variety (H-1226) were evaluated for their reaction to sucking pests, bollworms and natural enemies. The experiments were laid out under unsprayed conditions. The observations were recorded by adopting standard sampling techniques. The results indicated that no significant difference was recorded in sucking pest (cotton leafhopper and whitefly) populations among all genotypes. However, the incidence of bollworm remained significantly higher in non-Bt genotypes than Bt genotypes. Bollworms infestation in green fruiting bodies on Bt genotypes and HHH-223 were below ET throughout the crop season and did not vary significantly. However, the infestation in all genotypes ranged from 0.00-31.54 per cent under unsprayed conditions. Bollworm (Earias spp.) population (larvae/plant) was nil in Bt genotypes, while in non-Bt genotypes and minimum in HHH-223 under unsprayed conditions. The infestation of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossipiella) on boll and locule basis was nil among Bt genotypes under all sets of conditions. However, in non-Bt genotypes boll infestation ranged between 0.00-30.72 per cent under unsprayed conditions And on locule basis it was ranged between 0.00-15.25 per cent under unsprayed conditions. Minimum incidence of pink bollworm was recorded in HHH-223 both in boll basis and locule basis. Bollworm infestation varied significantly in Bt and non-Bt genotypes, being higher in non-Bt genotypes. Bollworm population (larvae/boll) was nil among the Bt genotypes throughout the period of study. Bollworm infestation on open boll basis in genotypes ranged from 0.67 – 27.82 per cent under unsprayed conditions, while on locule basis, the infestation ranged from 0.33 – 13.82 per cent. Populations of natural enemies were on par in different genotypes during period of study under different sets of experiments. Yield of seed cotton was significantly higher in Bt genotypes than non-Bt genotypes under all sets of conditions. MAJORThesisItem Open Access Bio-Systematic Investigation of the Acridid, Hieroglyphus Nigrorepletus Bolivar in South Western Rajasthan(Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture: Udaipur, 2009) Rathore, Pradeep Singh; Swaminathan, R.