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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of feeding different carbohydrate and pollen sources on Apis mellifera L. colonies during dearth period
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-01) Rathee, Mandeep; Chaudhary, O. P
    The present investigations were carried out at the apiary located at College of Agriculture, Kaul, CCS HAU, Hisar to evaluate the effect of feeding different carbohydrate sources with and without pollen on Apis mellifera L. colonies during 2017 dearth period. A total of 30 A. mellifera bee colonies in standard Langstroth hives were tested under two sets of experiments i.e. without pollen and with pollen (80 g/colony/week), and each set had five treatments [4 carbohydrates sources (500 g/colony/week): sugar syrup, jaggery, liquid glucose, high fructose rice syrup and 1 control (no feeding)]. During 2018, jaggery was ruled out and remaining carbohydrate sources were fed @ 750 g/colony/week with high protein (23%) and low protein pollen (18%). Observations were recorded on pollen income, colony growth parameters, colony weight, incidence of insect-pests, diseases and mites, robbing, bee mortality, deformities, feed consumption, chemical and organoleptic analysis of honey, survey of bee flora, melissopalynology of pollen loads, their protein content and calorific value. Economics of feeding treatments was evaluated alonth with colony performance in ensuing honey flow seasons. Based on two years of studies, it was concluded that experimental area had severe dearth of nectar and pollen providing floral plants from June to October during both the years. In the absence of feeding, A. mellifera colonies could not survive beyond 57 and 64 days during 2017 and 2018, respectively, indicating necessity of supplementary feeding during dearth periods. Sugar syrup was the most economical and effective carbohydrate source for feeding A. mellifera colonies followed by liquid glucose. Pollen supplement feeding along with carbohydrate syrups significantly improved survival and growth of A. mellifera colonies during dearth period. HFRS was comparatively less effective carbohydrate source when fed alone however; with pollen its performance improved significantly. Jaggery was the least preferred source and not at all recommended for dearth feeding, as it induced maximum mortality (27.0 to 27.7 dead bees/feeder/week), fermented faster and attracted intruders like wasps. Incidence of insect-pests, mites and diseases was lowered by proper hygiene, care and supplementary feeding during dearth periods. Inter and intra-specific robbing was characteristic feature during dearth period in A. mellifera colonies. Most of the honey quality parameters although remained within the prescribed limits but variations were recorded in HMF (3.33-26.16 mg/kg), moisture (15.87- 20.10 g/100g), F:G ratio (1.00-1.09), ash content (0.17-0.45 g/100g) and acidity (0.042-0.062 g/100g), while sucrose remained below LOQ, i.e. 0.5g/100g. Organoleptic scores revealed maximum acceptability of fresh honey (8.43-8.60) while honeys from HFRS fed colonies had the least acceptance (7.03-7.40). Seventy one different plant species belonging to 31 families were foraged by bees during dearth period. Protein content and calorific value in different pollen types ranged from 15.5-42.5% and 399.6-493.0 Kcal/100g, respectively.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of cold storage on some biological characteristics of parasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Rathee, Mandeep; Pala Ram
    The present studies on cold storage and overwintering of Aenasius bamabawalei were carried out during 2012-13 both in the laboratory as well as in the screen house of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to generate information on effect of cold storage of the parasitoid, A. bambawalei in different stages for different durations at different temperatures on its biological parameters and to evaluate the survival of the parasitoid during winter season. Studies on cold storage of the parasitoid were carried out by storing one-day-old Phenacoccus solenopsis mummies (i.e. in pupal stage) and freshly emerged adults at four storage temperatures i.e. 5, 10, 15 and 20°C for 1 to 8 weeks. It was found that the parasitoid A. bambawalei can be stored in pupal stage (i.e. in the mummies of P. solenopsis) for 1 week at 5°C and for 2 weeks each at 10 and 15°C, respectively, without any significant effect on the key biological parameters like emergence, longevity, fecundity and sex-ratio (F1 progeny). Emergence of the adults occurred within first week during storage at 20°C, hence, this temperature was not suitable for storing the parasitoid in pupal stage. Females took more time to emerge from the mummies stored for different durations at 5, 10 and 15°C as compared to males. The parasitoid adults of A. bambawalei can be stored only for 1 week at 10°C without any significant affect on the key biological parameters like survival, longevity, fecundity and sex-ratio (F1 progeny). The parasitoid A. bambawalei can be stored at low temperatures both in pupal and adult stages. However, it can be stored safely for longer duration in pupal stage as compared to adult stage. Emergence of parasitoid adults from overwintering mummies started from 11th standard week (first week of February), being maximum in 14th standard week (first week of March) and continued until 16th standard week (third week of March) when all the parasitoid adults had emerged. Maximum temperature ranged between 20.3 to 29.6oC and minimum between 6.6 to 12.5°C during the period of adult emergence. Honey fed parasitoid adults i.e. males survived for 52-84 days (69.33 days) and females survived for 69-103 days (83.40 days) during winter season in absence of host, when exposed on 5th December. The results of the present studies may be helpful in mass rearing and conservation of the parasitoid.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of cold storage on some biological characteristics of parasitoid, aenasius bambawalei hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Rathee, Mandeep; Pala Ram
    The present studies on cold storage and overwintering of Aenasius bamabawalei were carried out during 2012-13 both in the laboratory as well as in the screen house of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to generate information on effect of cold storage of the parasitoid, A. bambawalei in different stages for different durations at different temperatures on its biological parameters and to evaluate the survival of the parasitoid during winter season. Studies on cold storage of the parasitoid were carried out by storing one-day-old Phenacoccus solenopsis mummies (i.e. in pupal stage) and freshly emerged adults at four storage temperatures i.e. 5, 10, 15 and 20°C for 1 to 8 weeks. It was found that the parasitoid A. bambawalei can be stored in pupal stage (i.e. in the mummies of P. solenopsis) for 1 week at 5°C and for 2 weeks each at 10 and 15°C, respectively, without any significant effect on the key biological parameters like emergence, longevity, fecundity and sex-ratio (F1 progeny). Emergence of the adults occurred within first week during storage at 20°C, hence, this temperature was not suitable for storing the parasitoid in pupal stage. Females took more time to emerge from the mummies stored for different durations at 5, 10 and 15°C as compared to males. The parasitoid adults of A. bambawalei can be stored only for 1 week at 10°C without any significant affect on the key biological parameters like survival, longevity, fecundity and sex-ratio (F1 progeny). The parasitoid A. bambawalei can be stored at low temperatures both in pupal and adult stages. However, it can be stored safely for longer duration in pupal stage as compared to adult stage. Emergence of parasitoid adults from overwintering mummies started from 11th standard week (first week of February), being maximum in 14th standard week (first week of March) and continued until 16th standard week (third week of March) when all the parasitoid adults had emerged. Maximum temperature ranged between 20.3 to 29.6oC and minimum between 6.6 to 12.5°C during the period of adult emergence. Honey fed parasitoid adults i.e. males survived for 52-84 days (69.33 days) and females survived for 69-103 days (83.40 days) during winter season in absence of host, when exposed on 5th December. The results of the present studies may be helpful in mass rearing and conservation of the parasitoid.