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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2010 - 201421
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Subject: Chemistry × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 21
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synthesis and potential biodynamic behaviour of heterocyclic compounds
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Yogesh Kumar Singh; Sudhir Kumar
    Pyrazoles, indoles, oxazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles and triazoles as heterocyclic compounds with multifarious biological and pharmacological activities through innumerable derivatives deserve further exploration for their use as antimicrobial agent. Therefore, synthesis, characterization and biodynamic behaviour of the new above mentioned heterocyclic compounds have been accomplished. Two series of chalcones were prepared using 2-acetylthiophene and 5-chloro-2-acetylthiophene with substituted benzaldehydes/thiophene-2-carbaldehyde/furan-2-carbaldehyde. These chalcones were further cyclized by sodium acetate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to 5-(substituted phenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-1,2-oxazoles and 3-(5-chloro thiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-1,2-oxazoles. The condensation of 2-hydrazinyl-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide with two series of chalcones gave the corresponding pyrazoles viz., 2-[5-(substitutedphenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide and 2-[3-(5-chloro thiophen-2-yl)-5-(substitutedphenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(4-phenyl thiazol-2-yl)acetamide. The condensation of 5-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N 3 -phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,4-diamine with substituted benzaldehydes resulted in 5-(1H-indol-2-yl)-[4-(substitutedbenzylidene)amino]-N-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine. Four Mannich bases of benzimidazole were prepared by reaction with paminobenzoic acid and 4-substituted benzaldehydes. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1 HNMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Eischerchia coli and Xanthomonas axonopodis by food poisoned technique. The structure activity relation (SAR) in the above evaluation studies was also investigated. Some of the compounds exhibited specificity/non-specificity against the tested micro organisms and deserve further investigation for their possible use in plant and animal disease control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synthesis, characteriztation and bioevaluation of potential agrochemicals
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Anil Kumar; Rajvir Singh
    Heterocyclic systems find wide variety of application in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries. Different organic compounds like, chalcones, coumarins, pyrazoles, isoxazoles and many other heterocyclic compounds containing functionalized nitrogen and oxygen play a predominant role in agrochemicals/pesticide chemistry. They have shown versatile biological activities and have been intensively used as scaffolds for pesticide development. Keeping all this in mind synthesis of 4-[(substituted phenyl-/phenoxy) anilinomethyl-/methyl]-2H-1-naphthopyran-2-ones, 1-[4-(substituted phenyl)-3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones, 2-(substituted phenoxy)-1-(substituted phenyl) ethanones, pyrazoles, isoproterenol and flavanoids have been carried out. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1HNMR, IR and other physical and analytical data. Compounds were evaluated for their antifungal and antibacterial activity against A. awamori and S.rolfsii and Bacillus by poisoned food technique and zone inhibition method respectively. Compounds were tested at 10μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml. Various compounds of different series exhibited very significant antifungal and antibacterial activity. It was evident from structure activity relationship (SAR) that chloro substituent at different positions in different series of compounds showed the highest toxicity and replacement of chlorine with other functionality like methyl, methoxy bromine decrease the activity significantly. The compounds found acetone needs further exploration for their possible use as agrochemicals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of phenolics and other constituents from Albizia-lebbek and their allelopathic activity
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Loura, Pardeep; Rajbir Singh
    Plant material viz. leaves, bark, stem, seeds and root were collected from CCS HAU, Hisar. These were extracted with methanol. Extractives were divided into two parts. One part was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel (60-120 mesh) to afford twenty nine compounds. Six compounds namely, 20-methoxylupan-3-one, untriacontanol, β-sitosterol, friedel-3-ene, lupa-5,20 (29)-dien-3-one and 2α, 19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28- oic ursen-28-oic acid were isolated and characterized from stem. Five compounds namely, 20- hydroxylupan-3-one, dihydrolanosterol, β-sitosterol, n-undecano-4 -propoxy-phenone and stigmasterol were isolatedfrom bark of Albizia-lebbek. Similarly six compounds were isolated from seeds, seven compounds from leaves and five compounds from root of Albizia lebbek. Methanolic extract and four fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and acetone) of leaves, bark, seeds, stem and root of Albizia-lebbek were tested for allelopathic activity against the germination of seeds of radish 100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations. In all the extract/fractions of Albizia-lebbek were tested, the chloroform fraction of stem showed maximum allelopathic effect (40%) at 2000 ppm concentration followed by chloroform fraction of leaves which showed 37.5% inhibition. Methanolic extract was found least allelopathic against radish seed germination.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Persistence of fipronil and its metabolites in chilli and soil
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Saini, Sunayana; Beena Kumari
    A f ield exper iment was carried to study the persiste nce behavior of chilli and soil underneath and ef fect of processing on the reduction of residues of f ipronil in chilli. Degradation of f ipronil in soil under laboratory and f ield conditions was also studied. Fipronil (Comme rcial formulation) @ 50g and 100g a.i.ha -1 was spray ed in the vegetable Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Hary ana Agricultural University , Hisar on chilli c rop (var iety Hisar Shakti) at f ruiting s tage. Samples of chilli and soil were collected per iodically on 0(1h) , 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 day s af ter application and harvest. Red chilli collected at harvest (90 day s) contained no detectable residues of f ipronil. Soil samples ( lab and f ield conditio ns) were collected per iodically on 0(1h) , 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 day s af ter application. Residues were estimated by gas chromatography equipped with capillary column and electron capture detector (ECD) . Pe rcent recover y at for tif icatio n level of 0.05and 0.10 mg kg -1 in c hilli and soil were more 80 percent depicting validity of methods used for present studies. The residues of f ipronil did not pe rsist for more than 15 day s af ter treatment. Dissipation followed the f irst o rde r kinetics showing half -life value of 3.19 and 3.67 day s for single and double dose, respectivel y . The per cent reduction of f ipro nil residues by washing was 21.05 ñ 61.72 and 23.52 ñ 62.04 at single and double dose, respectivel y . Maximum reduction was observed on 3 rd day . In soil unde r f ield and laborato ry conditions f ipronil pe rsisted up to 90 and 120 days, respectivel y . Dissipatio n followed f irst order kinetics with half -life per iod of 10.81ñ9.97 day s and 13.14ñ12.22 day s in f ield and lab conditio ns. Persis tence of f ipronil in soil was found to be more under laborato ry conditions as compared and f ield conditio ns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Persistence of bifenthrin in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and its leaching behaviour in soil
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Sachin Kumari; Beena Kumari
    A field experiment was carried to study the persistence behaviour in okra and soil underneath and effect of processing on the reduction of residues of bifenthrin in okra fruits . A laboratoy experiment was performed for assessing the leaching potential of bifenthrin at two doses in soil (sandy loam, clay loam and sandy ) and leachate fractions. Bifenthrin (Commercial formulation) @ 25 and 50 g a.i ha -1 was sprayed in the Vegetable Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University (HAU), Hisar on okra crop (variety Varsha Uphar ) at fruiting stage. Samples of okra and soil were collected periodically on 0 (1h), 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30 day s after applications and at harvest. In leaching experiment, bifenthrin was applied as 25µg (single dose) and 50 µg (double dose) in different soils packed inplexi glass columns. Residues were estimated by gas chromatograph equipped with capillary column and electron capture detector (ECD). Per cent recoveries at the for tification levels of 0.10 and 0.25 mg kg -1 in okra fruits and soil were more than 80 per cent depicting validity of methods used for present studies. Limit of quantification for bifenthrin was 0.005 µg ml -1 in okra and soil both. The residues of bifenthr in did not persist for more than 15 days after treatment. Dissipation followed the first order kinetics showing half -life value of 1.58-2.18 day s for single and double dose, respectively . The per cent reduction of bifenthrin residues by washing was 22.91 -36.71 and 21.50-40.00 at single and double dose, respectively . Washing followed by boiling was found more effective in reducing the residues from 64.58-68.42 pe r cent. Bifenthrin persisted in soil upto 7 day s in single dose and 15 day s for double dose with quite low residues. A leaching experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions . The residues of bifenthrin were retained in three different soils from 85 to 99 per cent in 0-10 cm soil core showing their immobility in soil. As residues of bifenthrin were not detected in any of the leachate fractions of any soil and doses, hence considered safe for ground water .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on chemical composition of some Indian medicinal plants and their antioxidant activity
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Jain, Jigyasa; Beena Kumari
    The total phenols, flavonoids and minerals (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) in six Indian medicinal plants viz.; Terminalia arjuna, Kigelia pinnata, Zinziber officinale, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum and Trigonella foenum were determined using chloroform, methanol and water as solvents. Total phenols were estimated by Folin Cio-calteu method, flavonoids by aluminum chloride colorimetric method and minerals by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The antioxidant activity and antiradical activity of different extracts of these plants were measured by three different methods viz; β-carotene bleaching method (BCBT), 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method. Maximum concentration of phenols in chloroform extract was estimated from Z. officinale (22.5 mg GAE/g), 24.0 mg GAE/g from F. vulgare in methanol and 27.0 mg GAE/g in water extract from F. vulgare using Folin Cio-calteu method. Colorimetric method found effective in extracting the flavonoids to the extent of 60 mg CE/g from Z. officinale in chloroform, 42.0 mg CE/g in methanol from Z. officinale and 60.1 mg CE/g from K. pinnatain water. Among minerals, maximum concentration of Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe were detected in water extract of Z. officinale (20.0 ppm), water extract of C. cyminum(136 ppm), water extract of K. pinnata (166 ppm), water extract of Z. officinale (130 ppm), respectively. Best result of antioxidant activity (85.7%) was shown by FTC method in chloroform extract of Z. officinale and methanol extract of K. pinnata. Antiradical activity of extracts was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Highest activity (91.7%) was shown by chloroform extract of K. pinnataand water extract of T.arjuna.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synthesis of some substituted carbamates, their nematicidal activity and dissipation of thiodicarb in soils
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Bisht, Sushma; Rajvir Singh
    Pesticides are a vital facet of farming because they enable us to produce sufficient high quality wholesome food for a growing population. They also allow efficient and economic pest control and often there is no alternative control option. We all benefit from these chemicals and therefore have a responsibility to ensure that these benefits are maximized and adverse effects are minimized. Keeping this in mind, the synthesis and characterization of 2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones (7-14), 3-(substitutedphenyl)-1-(2/3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ones (60-75), 2/3-[5-(substituted phenyl) isoxazol-3-yl phenols (142-157) and 2/3-[5-(substitutedphenyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl] phenols (207-222) and their carbamate derivatives were synthesized. The chemical structure of newly synthesized compounds was elucidated by 1 H NMR, IR and other physical and analytical data. The structure activity relation in the above evaluation studies was also investigated. The bioactive assay showed that compounds 1-{3-[5-(substituted phenyl) isoxazole-3-yl] phenoxy}-3-(4-chlorophenoxy) propane-2-oxo-phenylcarbamtes (198-205) were found highly active at all concentrations. Compounds 2/3-[5-(substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl phenyl carbamates(223-238)showed moderate activity. All other compounds werealso active at tested highest concentration. The compounds showed spectacular prospects for further research and use in this field. The findings suggested that the isoxazoles and pyrazoles framework is an attractive template for synthesis of nematicides. These compounds needs further exploration for their possible use as nematicides and deserve further investigation. A lab experimentwas conducted to study the dissipation of thiodicarb in soils. It was concluded that thiodicarb residues reached below detectable level of 0.005 mg kg-1 within 15 days and 30 days in sandy loam and clay loam soils,respectively following first order kinetics and half life period between 4-9 days. Complete dissipation of methomyl took place after 15 days in both the soils with half life period between 6-9 days. Thiodicarb with its metabolite, methomyl persisted upto 30 days with per cent dissipation of 85.71 and 82.69 in sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Its dissipation followed first order kinetics with half life period between 6-8 days. The persistence was more at higher dose and methomyl persisted more than thiodicarb in both thedoses of clay loam and sandy loam soils. Thiodicarb along with its metabolite, methomyl persisted beyond 30 days in both the soils.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of extraction techniques and moisture levels on total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Isha; Madan, V.K.
    The present study was undertaken to study the effect of extraction techniques viz. maceration followed by mechanical shaking, refluxing, soxhlet extraction and centrifugation using three solvents (acetone, ethanol and water) on phytoconstituents and antioxidant activities of clove buds and turmeric rhizomes of var. BSR-2 & germplasm material. The effect of moisture levels viz. 5% moisture level (more than normal), 10% moisture level (more than normal) and normal moisture level was also studied. In clove buds, highest total phenols (127.26 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (26.72 mg CE/g), total sugars (28.91 mg/g), reducing sugars (28.50 mg/g) and non-reducing sugars (0.41 mg/g) contents were found in extracts obtained by soxhlet technique followed by refluxing, mechanical shaking/centrifugation. In turmeric rhizomes of var. BSR-2 & germplasm material, total phenols (18.47 & 15.78 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (62.98 & 44.48 mg CE/g), total sugars (37.96 & 35.90 mg/g), reducing sugars (10.19 & 9.78 mg/g), nonreducing sugars (27.77 & 26.12 mg/g) and curcumin (2.936 & 2.149 g/100g) contents were highest in extracts obtained by soxhlet technique followed by refluxing, mechanical shaking/centrifugation. For clove buds and turmeric rhizomes of var. BSR-2 & germplasm material, DPPH free radical scavenging activity (range of IC50 in three solvents: 89.9-125.3, 309.9-704.0 & 333.3-875.9 μg/mL) and antioxidant activity (85.86, 67.75 & 66.52%) were found to be highest in extracts obtained by soxhlet technique followed by refluxing, mechanical shaking/centrifugation. Amongst solvents, total phenols, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity in clove buds were highest in water extracts whereas in turmeric rhizomes these parameters and curcumin contents were highest in acetone extracts. In clove buds & turmeric rhizomes, flavonoids and sugars contents were highest in acetone and water extracts, respectively. In clove buds, the contents of various phytoconstituents at 10%, 5% and normal moisture level after 64 days of storage were 70.89, 73.76 & 96.07 mg GAE/g total phenols, flavonoids (21.02, 23.37 & 38.24 mg CE/g), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 : 253.0, 231.7 & 124.9 μg/mL) and antioxidant activity (51.05, 55.19 & 84.67%). In turmeric rhizomes of var. BSR-2, the contents of various phytoconstituents at 10%, 5% and normal moisture level after 64 days of storage were 21.05, 21.27 & 24.88 mg GAE/g total phenols, flavonoids (59.22, 64.61 & 87.27 mg CE/g), curcumin (4.432, 4.436 & 4.476 g/100g), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50: 454.3, 421.1 & 307.2 μg/mL) and antioxidant activity (57.00, 59.03 & 78.20%). In turmeric rhizomes of germplasm material, the contents of various phytoconstituents at 10%, 5% and normal moisture level after 64 days of storage were 18.00, 18.17 & 22.68 mg GAE/g total phenols, flavonoids (43.79, 47.70 & 65.50 mg CE/g), curcumin (3.533, 3.541, 3.607 g/100g), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50: 551.3, 500.6 & 332.8 μg/mL) and antioxidant activity (51.90, 54.97 & 77.55%). Sugars contents in clove buds and turmeric rhizomes were also found to be less at 10% moisture level in comparison to 5% and normal moisture levels. Thus, phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity of clove buds and turmeric rhizomes were dependent on extraction techniques & solvent polarity and decreased under moisture conditions during storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Persistence Behaviour Of Ready Mix Insecticide (Chlorpyriphos+Cypermethrin) In Soil And Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.)
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Samriti; Beena, Kumari