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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Agronomic bio-fortification of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) through integrated nutrient management(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Arun; Parvinder KumarThe present investigation entitled “Agronomic bio-fortification of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) through integrated nutrient management” was carried out at the Research Farm Area, Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif 2022 containing 12 treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: RDF (156.25:62.5:0) kg ha-1 N:P:K through inorganic source, T3: RDF + BIOMIX, T4: 50% RDN through inorganic source + 50% RDN through FYM + BIOMIX, T5: 50% RDN through inorganic source + 50% RDN through Vermicompost + BIOMIX, T6: 75% RDN inorganic source + 25% N through FYM+BIOMIX, T7: 75% RDN inorganic source + 25% N through vermicompost + BIOMIX, T8: RDF + 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 (soil application), T9: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 (foliar spray) at 25 DAS, T10: RDF + 0.5% FeSO4 (foliar spray) at 25 DAS, T11: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 at 25 DAS, T12: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 + BIOMIX. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. The crop was sown on 12 July, 2022 using pearl millet hybrid „HHB 67 improved‟. Among the treatments T12 (application of RDF (156.25 N, 62.5 P2O5 Kg ha-1) + foliar spray of 0.5 % solution of each ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at 25 DAS + BIOMIX) closely followed by treatment T11 (RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 at 25 DAS) was recorded with significantly higher grain yield (3002 kg ha-1), protein content (11.59 %), zinc content (67.47 ppm), iron content (73.48 ppm), net returns (₹ 25,716) and B:C (1.44), which were 7.1, 2.6, 5.7, 2.9, 9.4 and 4.3 per cent higher over RDF (156.25 N, 62.5 P2O5 Kg ha-1) might be due to significantly higher growth parameter viz., plant height (191.67 cm), leaf area index (2.67), number of effective tiller plant-1 (4.05), ear head length (23.37 cm), test weight (10.90 g). So, to get higher yield, economic return and better quality, pearlmillet growers may go for integrated nutrient management using RDF (156.25 N, 62.5 P2O5 Kg ha-1) + foliar spray of 0.5 % solution of each ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at 25 DAS + BIOMIX.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nano urea on sorghum for sustainable fodder production(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Sachin Kumar; Naveen KumarA field experiment entitled “Effect of nano urea on sorghum for sustainable fodder production” was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Forage Research Farm, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design keeping three replications with 11 treatments consisting of nitrogen fertilizer combinations i.e. T1: Control (No RDN), T2: 100% RDN by urea fertilizer (75 kg), T3: 100% RDN (100% through nano-urea in three sprays at 15, 30 and 45 DAS), T4: 100% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in one spray at 30 DAS), T5: 100% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS), T6: 75% RDN (Through nano-urea in three sprays at 15, 30 and 45 DAS), T7: 75% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in one spray at 30 DAS), T8: 75% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS), T9: 50% RDN (Through nano-urea in three sprays at 15, 30 and 45 DAS), T10: 50% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in one spray at 30 DAS), T11: 50% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS). There was significant difference among treatments in respect of growth, quality, green and dry fodder yield of single cut forage sorghum. The maximum plant height (248.4 cm), number of leaves (14), leaf: stem (0.29), dry matter accumulation (153.62 g), leaf area index (7.55), crude protein (9.23%), N (1.48%), P (0.217%) and K (1.30%) content in plant, HCN content (72.5 µg/g), per day productivity (6.23 q/ha), green fodder yield (541.9 q/ha), dry fodder yield (144.1 q/ha), gross returns (₹ 81,292), net returns (₹ 41,167) and B: C (2.03) were recorded with the application of 100% RDN by urea fertilizer (75 kg) as followed by 100% RDN: 50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of nitrogen in semi dwarf Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under late planted conditions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Vishant; Amit KumarA field experiment on rice crop was conducted at RRS, Kaul (Kaithal) of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif season of 2022 to find out optimum dose of nitrogen in rice under late planted condition for getting good yield. Soil of experimental field was sandy clay loam texture, alkaline in reaction (7.81), low in organic carbon (0.39%), available nitrogen (130 kg ha-1) and medium in available phosphorous (24 kg ha-1) and high in available potash (480 kg ha-1). The experiment consisted of two transplanting dates (P1: 1st week of July and P2: 4th week of July), five levels of N application (N1:0, N2:30, N3:60, N4:90, N5:120 kg N ha-1). Experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design. The growth parameters viz. plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2 and dry matter accumulation (g) were reduced significantly under late planting (P2) but grain quality parameters viz. protein content of grain (%) and head rice recovery (%) improved significantly under late planting. The crop yield attributes (no. of panicles m-2) and grains per panicle) and grain yield of rice crop were reduced significantly under late transplanting. Uptake of N, P and K by grains and straw were significantly higher with early planting. The yield attributes and yield (grain and straw) of the rice crop increased with every successive increased doses of N level whereas the response was significant up to 90 kg ha-1. Interaction between planting time and N levels was found significant in respect of grain yield which revealed that a dose of 90 kg ha-1 was sufficient in rice crop transplanted timely (1st week of July) whereas the late transplanted crop (4th week July) must be supplied with higher dose of N (120 kg ha-1) to get good yield. Higher yield was, however, obtained with timely transplanted crop (1st week of July) supplied with 90 kg of N ha-1 in three splits.ThesisItem Open Access Response of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to the foliar spray of nutrients(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Kalu Ram; Sewhag, MeenaThe present investigation entitled “Response of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to the foliar spray of nutrients” was carried out during crop season kharif 2021-22 at Cotton Research Area of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with eight treatments of foliar application of nutrients viz. T1: Control, T2:MgSO4 (0.5%), T3:ZnSO4 (0.5%), T4:FeSO4 (0.5%), T5: Borax (0.5%), T6:ZnSO4 (0.5%) +Urea (2%), T7: DAP (1%), T8: Urea (2%) applied at 60, 75, 90 DAS. The results revealed that days to 50 % flowering were significantly less in T8 which was at par with treatment T3, T5, T6 and T7, while treatment T5 recorded lowest number of days to 50% boll formation. Plant height at 75, 105, 135 DAS and harvest was recorded significantly higher in treatment T2 which was at par with T6. At 75 DAS, treatment T3 being at par with T2 and T5 resulted in significantly higher dry matter accumulation than rest all foliar sprays of nutrients. At 105 and 135 DAS treatment T6 being at par with T2,T3,T4 and T5 recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation than rest all foliar sprays of nutrients. At harvest treatment T2 being at par with T3,T4,T5, T6 T7 and T8 recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation than control treatment while T6 being at par with T2,T3 , T5 and T8 produced significantly more number of bolls per plant (45) than T1, T4 andT7 .Highest seed cotton yield was recorded in treatment T6(ZnSO4 (0.5%) +Urea (2%) which was significantly superior to T4 and T1 (Control) but at par with rest all treatments (T2, T3, T4, T5, T7 and T8). Boll weight (g) of Bt cottonwas highest in treatment T2 which differ significantly over other treatments except T5, T6, T7 and T8. Highest seed index (8.98 g) was recorded in treatment T7 followed by T8 (8.74 g) and T6 (8.73 g). (T6) being at par with T5 and T8 produced significantly higher value of ginning out turn (38.9%) than rest all treatments. Highest net returns were found with the treatment T2. The B:C was highest (2.47) in T2. The highest gross returns were found with the treatment T6ThesisItem Open Access Organic nutrient management in soybean-wheat cropping system under conservation agriculture(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Verma, Gaurav; Dhaka, A. K.Globally, intensive tillage and imbalanced nutrition challenged the sustainability and profitability of crop production and soil health. There is ample scope to boost the crop productivity and soil health by adopting organic and conservation agriculture. Hence, this study was conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Agronomy Research Farm of the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana, Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study “Organic nutrient management in of soybean-wheat cropping system under conservation agriculture” The experiment comprised of four tillage and residue management practices in main plots and five organic nutrient management packages in sub plot was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Two years study resulted that among tillage and residue management practices, crops under soybean-wheat rotation sown under zero tillage along with residue retention (3 t/ha) recorded significantly higher growth parameters, seed yield (16.34 and 54.48 q/ha for soybean and wheat, respectively) and net return (53.62×103 and 148.12×103 ₹/ha for soybean and wheat, respectively), which was closely followed by conventional tillage + residue retention (3 t/ha). Among the organic nutrient management packages, significantly higher yield attributes number of pods/plant (69.8) in soybean and grains/spike (50.1) in wheat and seed yield (16.35 and 53.53 q/ha for soybean and wheat, respectively) were recorded under application of RDF through fertilizers closely followed by RDN given through vermicompost or FYM + biofertilizers + three foliar application of each cow urine (10%) + panchgavya (5%) + jeevamrut (500 l ha-1). However, RDN through FYM or vermicompost + biofertilizers + three foliar application of each cow urine (10%) foliar application + panchgavya (5%) + jeevamrut (500 l ha-1) was found economically profitable over RDF given through fertilizers. Crop rotation based finding concluded that sowing of crops in soybean-wheat rotation with zero tillage along with residue retention (3 t/ha) and fertilized with recommended dose of nitrogen given through FYM + three foliar spray of each cow urine (10%), panchgavya (5%) and jeevamrut (500 l ha-1) was found most profitable having highest system net return (271.49×103 ₹/ha) and system profitability (756.56 kg/ha/day) with increase of 14.0 and 29.1 percent, respectively over crops sown with conventional tillage without residue and fertilized with recommended dose of fertilizers. Hence, it may be concluded that combined application of ZT+R (3 t/ha) and organic package N5 or N4 is a better option for obtaining higher yield, sustainable soil health, improved energy use efficiency and better economics of soybeanwheat cropping system.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of herbicides against broad leaf weeds in wheat and their effect on succeeding crop of sorghum(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Dhankar, Amit; AmarjeetThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of herbicides against broad leaf weeds in wheat and their effect on succeeding crop of sorghum” was studied at Regional Research Station, Bawal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The objectives of experiment was, to find out most effective and profitable herbicide treatments for control of broad leaf weeds in wheat and their effect on succeeding sorghum crop. The experiment was conducted using WH 711 and HJ 541 variety of wheat and sorghum, respectively, and was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Ten different herbicidal treatments were applied in wheat crop and compared with weedy check and weed free treatment. The treatments were aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 PRE (T1), diflufenican 200 g ha-1 PRE (T2), aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + diflufenican 200 g ha-1 PRE (T3), pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 (T4), aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 PRE (T5), diflufenican 200 g ha-1 + pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 PRE (T6), halauxifen + fluroxypyr (RM) 240 g ha-1 PoE (T7), metsulfuron + carfentrazone 25 g ha-1 PoE (T8), 2,4-D Na 500 g ha-1 PoE (T9), 2,4-D ethyl ester 450 g ha-1 PoE (T10), weed free (T11) and weedy check (T12). Major weed species infesting the experimental field were Chenopodium album, Chenopodium murale, Anagallis arvensis, Rumex dentatus, Melilotus indica, Medicago denticulata, Malwa parviflora and Convolvulus arvensis. Among PRE herbicides, aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + diflufenican 200 g ha-1 (T3) and aclonifen 1000 g ha-1 + pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 (T5), while among PoE, halauxifen + fluroxypyr (RM) 240 g ha-1 (T7) provided excellent control (>75% WCE) of broad leaf weeds at all stages of crop growth during both years of experiment. Comparatively poor control over different broad leaf weeds was reported from sole application of pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1 (T4), 2,4-D Na 500 g ha-1 (T9) and 2,4-D ethyl ester 450 g ha-1 (T10) during both years. Both formulations of 2,4-D did not vary significantly from each other in controlling different broad leaf weeds in wheat. Lowest weed index of 5.3 and 5.5% during first and second year, respectively was documented in T3 while highest weed index was recorded from weedy check (40.1 and 44.5) followed by pendimethalin (T4) (30.2 and 33.4%). Highest growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield (6263 and 5481 kg ha-1) of wheat crop were recorded from weed free treatment which was found statistically at par with T3 (5929 and 5179 kg ha-1). Among different PoE herbicides, application of halauxifen + fluroxypyr (T7) provided more control of different broad leaf weeds as compared to other PoE herbicides resulting into higher crop yield during both years. Visual phytotoxicity of scale 1 was recorded on application of different PRE treatments during first year of experiment. Transient crop injury on PoE application of metsulfuron + carfentrazone 25 g ha-1 (T8) was recorded during both years and crop plants recovers completely at 21 days after herbicide application. Maximum net returns and B:C ratio was calculated from T3 (₹ 83542, 69200 ha-1 and 2.27, 1.99) followed by T5 (₹ 79213, 66133 ha-1 and 2.20, 1.95) and minimum from weedy check (₹ 36290, 20147 ha-1 and 1.59, 1.31) during first and second year, respectively. All herbicide treatments employed in wheat crop, irrespective of their time of application did not show any residual carryover effect on succeeding fodder sorghum crop as evident from recorded plant population, growth parameters and fodder yield of sorghum crop. This might be due to rapid chemical and microbial degradation of herbicides through application of five flood irrigation to wheat crop and occurrence of 106.0 and 67.2 mm of rainfall between the time of application of PRE herbicides and harvesting of wheat crop during first and second year, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrids to fertility levels under treated sewage water application(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Sandeep; Parveen KumarThe present study entitled “Performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrids to fertility levels under treated sewage water application.” was conducted at Research Area, Vegetable Science, CCSHAU, HISAR during Kharif 2021 and 2022 with the objective to study the effect of hybrids and fertility levels on growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of pearl millet under treated sewage water application. In the experiment two pearl millet hybrids viz. HHB 67 (Improved) and HHB 299 were taken along with five different fertility levels. Between hybrids, various phenological events viz. boot stage, flowering stage, milking stage and physiological maturity differ significantly while emergence did not differ significantly. Different fertility levels, did not differ significantly in respect of various phenological events viz. emergence, boot stage, flowering stage, milk stage while a significant influence was observed in physiological maturity. The growth parameters viz. [Plant height, total number of tillers plant-1, dry matter accumulation] and yield attributing characters [effective tiller plant-1, ear head length, ear head girth, test weight] and grain, stover yield differed significantly between hybrids and among fertility levels. Between hybrids, HHB 299 recorded higher value of these attributes and yield over HHB 67 (Improved). Among fertility levels, application of 75 per cent RDN + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha resulted in higher yield and yield attributes during both years of study. Hybrid HHB 299 recorded higher NPK content and their uptake over HHB 67 (Improved) in pearl millet grain and stover while integrated nutrient management practices and 100 per cent RDN performed better over control, among fertility levels. Heavy metal content in both pearl millet grain and stover recorded lower in HHB 67 (Improved) over HHB 299 while integrated nutrient management practices resulted in lower heavy metal content in pearl millet grain and stover over 100 per cent RDN and control, among fertility levels. In terms of economics, HHB 299 performed better than HHB 67 (Improved) while higher gross returns was recorded with the application of 75 per cent RDN + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha and higher net returns and B:C was recorded with 75 % RDN + FYM @ 5 t/ha. Hence, for enhancing crop growth characters, yield attributes, yield and monetary returns integrated nutrient management practices should be adopted.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-fortification of Fe and Zn in kharif greengram through agronomic interventions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Komal; Uma DeviA field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 on the research farm of Pulses Section, Department of G&PB, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the effect of Zn and Fe application at different stages on crop phenology, growth, yield, nutrient status and economics of greengram [Vigna radiata L. Wilczek]. The experimental trial was carried out in randomized block design, comprising eleven treatments and three replications on sandy loam soil having 7.8 pH, 0.30 dS m-1 EC and 0.28% organic carbon with low, medium and high available nitrogen (154 kg ha-1), phosphorus (17.4 kg ha-1) and potassium (380 kg ha-1) status, respectively. Different treatments adopted for evaluation were 0.5 % ZnSO4 and 0.5 % FeSO4 foliar spray either alone or combined at different crop growth stages and a soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha. Results revealed that RDF with foliar application of 0.5 % ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at both pre flowering and pod initiation stage recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation. branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight which was statistically at par with soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha with RDF. RDF + 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 0.5 % FeSO4 at pre flowering and pod initiation stages recorded the highest seed yield (1847 kg ha-1), straw yield (3463 kg ha-1) and biological yield (5310 kg ha-1) with the highest harvest index of 34.8 % which was statistically at par with RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha (1788 kg ha-1, 3406 kg ha-1, 5194 kg ha-1 and 34.4 %, respectively). The maximum protein yield (409 kg ha-1) was recorded with the application of RDF + 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 0.5 % FeSO4 at pre flowering and pod initiation stage. The application of RDF + 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 0.5 % FeSO4 at pre flowering and pod initiation stage recorded significantly higher Zn content in seed (29.3 ppm) and straw (20.6 ppm) and Fe content in seed (73.3 ppm) and straw (67.2 ppm). The application of RDF + 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 at pre flowering and pod initiation stage recorded the highest gross returns (136406 ₹ ha-1), net returns (75348 ₹ ha-1) and B:C (2.23) which was followed by soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha with RDF (132041 ₹ ha-1, 71203 ₹ ha-1 and 2.17, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar application of nitrogen based formulations on quality and yield of fodder sorghum during summer season under semi-arid condition(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07-06) Anil; SatpalA field experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of nitrogen based formulations on quality and yield of fodder sorghum during summer season under semi-arid condition” was carried out during summer season, 2022 at the Forage Section Research Farm, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with fourteen treatments and replicated thrice. Among all the treatments, at harvest, the significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), leaf to stem ratio, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and crude protein content of 209.33 cm, 132.85, 6.85, 0.38 , 445.42 q ha-1, 128.17 q ha-1 and 9.94 % respectively, were recorded with foliar application of nano-urea @ 0.6% at 35 DAS and 50 DAS, which was on a par with one nano-urea spray @ 0.4% at 35 DAS, two nano-urea spray @ 0.4% at 35 and 50 DAS and one nano-urea spray @ 0.6% at 35 DAS when RDF was also applied in all these treatments. The maximum B:C (1.99) was fetched with the application of RDF and foliar application of nano-urea @ 0.4% at 35 DAS and 50 DAS or only at 35 DAS and application of RDF followed by one nano-urea spray @ 0.6% at 35 DAS. In conclusion, for achieving higher fodder yield and quality of sorghum along with better remunerations, application of RDF followed by foliar application of nanourea @ 0.4% at 35 DAS may be recommended.
