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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Dahiya, Seema × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Status and evaluation of herbicide resistance in Rumex dentatus L. and its management in wheat
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-12) Dahiya, Seema; Sewhag, Meena
    Herbicide resistance in Rumex dentatus in wheat could be a major sustainability issue, which can put the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in IGP under serious threat. The investigation entitled “Status and evaluation of herbicide resistance in Rumex dentatus L. and its management in wheat” comprising of a wellstructured survey carried out during rabi season of 2018-19 (end of January to February 2019), a pot bioassay study conducted at screen house, CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal during rabi season of 2018-19 and a two year field experiment, carried out during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at KVK, Panipat. The survey was conducted in three districts (Panipat, Karnal and Kurukshetra) of Haryana. Two blocks were selected from each district and two villages from each block and a total number of 120 farmers were covered from 12 villages involving 10 farmers from each village. The diagnostic survey in three districts of Haryana indicating that the use of metsulfuron-methyl is decreasing over the years from 61.1% in 2016-17 to 23.8% in 2018-19 and that of metribuzin is increasing from 6.49% in 2016-17 to 41.27% in 2018-19. Majority of farmers apply herbicide for control of R. dentatus during 35- 35 DAS. More than 80% farmers use flood jet/ cut nozzle instead of using recommended flat fan nozzle by only 19% of total farmers. Almost all farmers have heard about herbicide resistance (99.9%) and they follow herbicide rotation (85.8%) after an average of 2.04 years. Spraying was done mostly by hired labor (70.3%) but in the presence of farmers. Around 75% farmers do not follow crop rotation. Farmers perceptions about poor efficacy of herbicide were mainly poor quality of herbicide and herbicide resistance. Overall farmers assign first rank to 2,4-D with 1.36 rating and after 2,4-D, metribuzin was the second choice of farmers and assign 1.45 rating. Farmers have assigned 3rd position to clodinafop+ metribuzin with 2.07 rating. Metsulfuron-methyl was reported for not showing any control, so it was placed at last position by farmers with overall 2.96 rating. The numbers of farmers going for second spray was increased from 15.9% in 2016-17 to 55.6% in 2018-19 similarly numbers of farmers going for herbicide > 1 to 2 X dose of herbicide has been increased from 5.6% in 2016-17 to 53.0% in 2018-19. It may be concluded that there is problem with control of R. dentatus particularly by use of metsulfuron-methyl in Haryana. From pot bioassay study, it can be concluded that three biotype of R. dentatus viz.Ujha, Bhagwanpur and Gudha have been found resistance to metsulfuron-methyl at graded doses. None of the biotype was found resistance of carfentrazone-ethyl and 2,4-D. The findings of the study established that problem of resistance in R. dentatus in Haryana. From the field experiment, it can be concluded that pendimethalin (1000 g ha-1), 2,4-D ester (600 g ha-1), 2,4-D Na (1000 g ha-1), carfentrazone+ metsulfuron (25 g ha-1) were found at par to weed free treatment and also found as best treatments for controlling resistance population of R. dentatus and beside these carfentrazone-ethyl (20 g ha-1), 2,4-D amine (750 g ha-1) and metribuzin (210 g ha-1) were also found effective for controlling resistance population of R. dentatus. In nutshell, based on this study it may be concluded that resistance has started developing in R. dentatus against metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-D, carfentrazone-ethyl, pendimethalin, carfentrazone+ metsulfuron and metribuzin could be used as alternate herbicide with proper spray techniques.