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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Spatial distribution and effect of leaf characters on development of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Manisha; Rolania, KrishnaThe present study on Spatial distribution and effect of leaf characters on development of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The findings of investigation revealed that among three cotton cultivars the middle leaves of Bt cotton had the highest number of whitefly nymph (36.08 nymphs/leaf) in comparison to American (34.64 nymphs/leaf), and Desi cotton (32.10 nymphs/leaf). The population of whitefly nymphs was highest on the middle strata leaves in each cultivar, followed by the upper strata leaves, and it was minimum on the lower strata leaves. The maximum population of adults was observed on upper leaves of Bt cotton (4.26 adults/leaf) followed by American (3.09 adults/leaf) and minimum was on Desi cotton (2.63 adults/leaf). The maximum population of whitefly adult was observed on upper strata leaves than on middle strata leaves while minimum on lower strata leaves in each cultivar. There were two peaks of B. tabaci adults, observed in 34th and 40th SMW (i.e., 3rd week of August and 1st week of October). Likewise, two peaks of nymphal population were observed in 35th SMW 41st SMW (4th week of August and 2nd week of October) with number 33.04, 30.69, 27.41 and 25.98, 23.88, 20.07 nymphs/leaf in Bt, American and Desi cotton, respectively . Whitefly adult population had significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity and minimum temperature in Desi cotton only. Relative morning humidity showed a significant positive correlation with nymphal population in all the three cultivars. Several species of arthropod natural enemies were found and these included spider species, coccinellids, Chrysoperla spp. and parasitoids species. The peak activity of different natural enemies was observed during early October (40th to 43rd SMW). The study revealed that on both i.e., 45 days and 90 days plant, the whitefly development was high on 25 days old leaf on all three cultivars. Leaf area, thickness and trichome density showed a positive and significant correlation with 25 days old leaf in all three cultivars. Total chlorophyll in 5 days old leaf had a positive and highly significant correlation with nymphal duration in Desi cotton only. Tannin content showed a positive and significant correlation with egg hatchability on 25 days old leaf in Bt cotton.ThesisItem Open Access Bioefficacy and persistence of novel insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea and their leaching behaviour in soil(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Vijaya; Yadav, S.SThe present studies on Bioefficacy and persistence of novel insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea and their leaching behaviour in soil were conducted at Pulses Research Farm, CCS HAU Hisar during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The population dynamics studies of H. armigera revealed that the peak larval population of H.armigera reached 5.50 and 5.71 larvae/mrl in 14th and 15thSMW during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. The correlation studies showed that H. armigera population had positive and significant correlation with maximum, minimum temperature and wind velocity while significant negative correlation with morning and evening relative humidity was observed during both of the years. There was non significant negative correlation between larval population and rainfall while non significant positive correlation was found with sunshine hours in both years. The efficacy studies showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was the most effective treatment with 0.41 larva/mrl followed by flubendiamide 39.35 SC (0.57 larva/mrl). The least effective treatment was Bacillus thruiengensis 5 WP with highest number of larval count of 1.09 larvae/mrl followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (0.96 larva/mrl) and quinalphos 25 EC (0.93 larva/mrl). The pooled data of yield showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC treated plots were found to be significantly superior over other treatments with mean increase of 51.34 per cent over control plot while the plots treated with bacillus thruiengensis 5 WP provided a yield of 1236.11 kg per ha with a mean increase of 16.29 per cent over control. The pooled data of per cent pod damage showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC treated plots showed 8.31 per cent pod damage while the plots treated with bacillus thruiengensis 5 WP were affected by 17.71 per cent pod damage. The avoidable losses (pooled) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 accounted for 49.61 per cent with mean number of larvae per mrl 6.50 times lower under protected conditions. Mean yield (kg) per hectare was 2.0 times higher in protected conditions. Highly significant positive correlation between larval population of H. armigera and percent pod damage while negative correlation was observed between larval population and the yield obtained under both protected and unprotected conditions. Similarly, negative correlation was observed between percent pod damage and the yield obtained under both conditions. The dissipation kinetics of residues of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide at both single and double doses followed the first order kinetics in chickpea leaves and pods during both of the years. The residues of both insecticides in chickpea leaves and pods reached below LOQ after 7th and 10th day of application at single and double doses, respectively. The half lives (days) were less in double dose as compared to the single dose for both of the insecticides in both chickpea leaves and pods during the two years. The results also showed that terminal residues of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide were below LOQ in chickpea grain, straw and soil. The results for leaching behaviour revealed that maximum retention of 75.20 and 78.90 per cent was observed in 0-5 cm layer of soil only at single (40μg) and double dose (80μg) for chlorantraniliprole. For flubendiamide, it was observed that the insecticide was confined in upper soil layers (0-10cm) with 85.86 and 89.10 per cent retention at single (36μg) and double dose (72μg), respectively. None of the leachate fractions showed the presence of both insecticides at both single and double dose.ThesisItem Open Access test embargo(1999) jjjThesisItem Open Access Radiation and thermal use efficiency of wheat under different sowing dates(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Karambir; Sharma, KarambirThesisItem Open Access Micrometeorological Studies In Soybean Under Different Environments And Evaluation Of `Soygro` Model(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2006) Ajit Singh; Rao, V.U.M.ThesisItem Open Access Development Of Response Functions And Yield Model In Wheat Under Environmental Stress By Using Ground Truth Radiometer(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2001) Ghanghas, Mahender Singh; Ram NiwasThesisItem Open Access Assessment of losses due to Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) and management of Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra(CCSHAU, 2014) Chauhan, Vikas; Sharma, S.S.The present studies on the assessment of losses due to Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) and management of Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra were carried out during kharif season at Research Farm of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University during 2013. The losses due to leafhopper were measured by comparing the average plant height, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight per plant in sprayed and unsprayed plots. The insecticide sprayed plots recorded significantly higher average plant height (66.5 cm), higher average number of fruits (15.6) and higher average fruit weight per plant (164.5 gm) as compare to unsprayed plots. The losses in plant height, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant due to leafhopper were 47.6, 50.0 and 57.2 per cent, respectively. The management of E. vittella was carried out according the pre fixed insecticide schedules. The observations were recorded by counting the damaged shoots and fruits, total number of shoots and fruits observed at each picking. The mean lowest leafhopper population (1.10 nymph/leaf) was recorded in treatment schedule S 3 (seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 g/kg seed + 1 st foliar spray with Prempt 20 EC @ 750 ml/ha + 2 nd foliar spray with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 100 ml/ha). Similarly, the lowest mite population (4.34 mites/cm 2 ) was recorded in treatment schedule S 2 (seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 g/kg seed + 1 st foliar spray with Prempt 20 EC @ 750 ml/ha). The lowest shoot damage (1.11%) was recorded in treatment schedule S 8 (S3 + 3 rd foliar spray with thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha + 4 th spray with spinosad 45 SC @ 190 g/ha + 5 th spray with carbaryl 50 WP @ 1.125 kg/ha). The lowest fruit damage on number basis (1.95%) was recorded in treatment schedule S 4 (S2 + 2 nd foliar spray with spinosad 45 SC @ 190 g/ha). On weight basis lowest damage (1.84%) was recorded in treatment schedule S4 . Schedule S 5 (S 2 + 2 nd foliar spray with thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha) was most economical with highest cost to benefit ratio (1:10.25). The population dynamics of the major insect pests and mite on okra were carried out by counting the nymphs of leafhoppers, adults of whiteflies, adults and nymphs of mites at weekly interval from three leaves each from upper, middle and bottom canopy of the plant on randomly selected 50 tagged plants. The leafhopper population was remained throughout the cropping season with minimum population of 1.6 nymphs/leaf in 27 th standard meterological week and the maximum population of 13.9 nymphs/leaf in 32 nd Standard meterological week. Whitefly population was observed during early cropping season with maximum population of 3.4 adults/leaf on 28 th standard meterological week. Mites population was found during later stage of crop growth and the maximum population of 18.2 mites per square cm of leaf in 34 th standard meterological week. The fruit damage by Earias spp. was observed between 31 st to 36 th standard meterological weeks. The maximum fruit damage of 13.9 per cent was recorded on 36 th standard meterological week. There is no significant effect of weather parameters on whitefly and the leafhopper population had negative correlation with maximum temperature and positive correlation with morning relative humidity. Red spider mite population and fruit borer damage caused by Earias spp. was significantly and negatively correlated with minimum temperature.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of insect pollinators of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)(CCSHAU, 2014) Damara, Devika Rani; Kaushik, H.D.The present study was conducted with 4 summer squash hybrids viz., Parikrama, Chandra, Chamatkar and Gold Queen at Research Farm of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during February-March of 2014. A total of 34 insect species visited summer squash flowers viz., 10 hymenopterans, 8 lepidopterans, 4 dipterans, 5 coleopterans, 2 orthopterans, 2 odonata and 3hemipterans. Among these, A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea were found to be the most frequent pollinators. The abundance (bees/m2/5 minutes) of A. mellifera (2.21) was highest followed by A. cerana (1.16), A. dorsata (1.07) and A. florea (0.62). Irrespective of species, the population was maximum (1.45 bees/m2/5 minutes) at 1000-1200 h of the day. Foragers of A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. florea and A. cerana commenced their pollen collection activity at 0600, 0630, 0700 and 0700 h, with peak periods at 0600-0800, 0800-1000, 1000-1200 and 0800-1000 h respectively and all of them ceased their activity between 1700- 1800 h. Out of the total foragers of the day for A. mellifera, 47.93 per cent were pollen, 19.01per cent were nectar collectors and 33.06 per cent were pollen+nectar collectors. A. mellifera spent maximum time (10.30 seconds/flower), whereas, A. florea spent least time (2.51 seconds/flower) while these values are 7.61 and 5.10 seconds/flower for A. dorsata and A. cerana. Based on pollination index (loose pollen grains sticking on the body x abundance x foraging rate), A. mellifera was the most efficient pollinator of C. pepo with pollination index of 1177360 followed by A. dorsata (773280 ) and A. cerana (223420) and A. florea with pollination index 63480 under agro-ecological conditions of Hisar (Haryana). Effect of different modes of pollination on yield parameters of summer squash showed that maximum fruit set (73.50%) was observed under open-pollination + hand-pollination treatment and no fruits were observed (0% fruit set) under without insect pollination treatment. Average fruit weight and fruit polar diameter, equatorial diameter was observed maximum (135.30 g, 3.74 cm and 3.47 cm, respectively) under Open-pollination + hand-pollination, while these were observed minimum (94.81 cm, 2.14cm and 2.48 cm, respectively) under hand-pollination treatment.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Bt cotton hybrids against American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida)(CCSHAU, 2013) Harish Kumar; Ram SinghSix cotton hybrids namely BIO 6488 Bt, BIO 6488 BGII, BIO 6488 non Bt, RCH 134 Bt, RCH 134 BGII and RCH 134 non Bt were used against American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula under laboratory and field conditions during the year 2011-12 in CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Survival (%) of H. armigera at 80, 120 and140 days after sowing was affected significantly on Bt and BG II hybrids. The biological parameters of H. armigera viz., larval survival, larval weight, larval period, pupal period, pupal weight and adult emergence were studied at 85, 125 and145 days after sowing (DAS) of crop. Significant effect of Bt and BG II hybrids were recorded on all biological parameters. None of the larvae survived at 85 days after sowing on BG II hybrids, whereas larval survival increased at 125 and 145 days after sowing. Larval weight was recorded minimum on both Bt and BG II hybrids at 80 days after sowing and increased larval weight was observed at 125 and 145 days after sowing. Similar trends were observed in pupal weight and adult emergence on Bt and BGII hybrids. Larval period increased on both Bt and BGII hybrids at 85, 125 and145 days after sowing. Similar trends were observed in pupal period on both Bt and BGII hybrids. In case of ovipositional preference at 85 DAS under choice conditions, females of H.armigera showed no significant difference among Bt, BGII and non Bt hybrids under investigation. Leaves were preferred more over squares, flowers and bolls for egg laying by H.armigera females. The incidence of leafhopper, A. biguttula biguttula was variable between different cotton hybrids at 40 to 90 days after sowing and was observed non significant at 100 to 140 days after sowing. The survival of leafhopper did not differ significantly among hybrids and the development duration was lower on RCH 134 Bt and higher on BIO 6488 BG II. The rate of egg laying did not differ significantly among the different hybrids and main vein supported maximum number of eggs individually.
