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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance and prospects of farmer producer organisations in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-04-07) Agarwal, Subodh; Goyal, S. K.The present study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) To access the present status of FPOs in Haryana, (2) To analyse the factors contributing success of FPOs in Haryana, (3) To study the socio-economic impact of FPOs on farmers, and (4) To identify the constraints faced by the FPOs and suggest measures for improvement. The study was conducted in Kaithal and Hisar district of Haryana. All the FPOs operating i.e.,16 FPOs in both the districts during the period 2017-18 (eight from each district), were selected purposively for the present study. Both primary as well as secondary data was used for the study. Primary data were collected from 10 member farmers of each FPOs and 10 non-member farmers. Thus, in total, 320 farmers, of which 160 were FPO member farmers and 160 were non-member farmers, were selected to collect the required information. Data were also collected from FPO officials, Producer Organisation Promoting Institutions (POPI), Resource Institutions and Financial Institutions. The secondary data regarding FPOs formed and farmers linked were collected for the periods 2015-16 to 2020-21. Besides, simple averages, percentages, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, compound growth rate, two-sample t-test, Chi-Square test, Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney‟s U test, Friedman‟s test and Garrett‟s ranking technique were used to accomplish the objectives of the study. The study revealed that out of the total FPOs promoted by SFAC and NABARD, 2168 FPOs, i.e., 71.22 percent, have been supported by NABARD and the remaining 876 FPOs (28.78%) are supported by SFAC. Madhya Pradesh has the largest number/share of FPOs accounting to 10.15% of the total FPOs registered throughout the country. The FPOs promoted by SFAC increased at the compound growth rate of 15.22 percent and those promoted by NABARD increased at 1.34 percent per annum. At the country level, the average number of farmers per FPO was found to be 582. In addition, about fifty percent of total farmers who are members of FPOs belong to five states, namely Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. The majority of the FPOs i.e., 75 percent, were promoted by NABARD and 12.5 percent were promoted by SFAC in the study areas. Two FPOs (12.5%) were self-promoted FPOs. The average number of members per FPO were more in SFAC promoted FPOs as compared to NABARD promoted FPOs in the study areas. Hisar district had the highest number of FPOs i.e., 53 and Faridabad district had the lowest number of FPOs i.e., 6, during 2019-20. Production and Marketing are the major operational activities of the FPO in the selected areas. The financial efficiency of one FPO was found to be very high i.e., 70.61. The study further revealed that among the technical factors, the important factor for the success was FPO helps in getting government schemes, whereas FPO enhanced bargaining power for input purchase and reducing the middle-men in the marketing channel was the most important marketing factor for success. The most important economic factor for the success was the support of various government departments and other agencies and the increase in adoption towards pre- and post-harvest production technology was the social factor contributing to success of FPOs. The study further revealed that membership in the organisation directly affected the socio-economic conditions of the people in the study areas. It was further found that the income of the members was significantly higher in comparison to the non-members. There was not much difference between the members and non-members in terms of food and habitat security. A significant difference between the members and non-members was also observed in terms of health security, educational security and social empowerment. Low awareness of farmers about FPO/FPC‟ was the most severe constraint observed by FPO officials and members of both the districts, whereas POPI perceived lack of mobilization of farmers to be the most severe constraint in the functioning of FPOs. The majority of the sample FPO officials suggested to make available more funds and subsidies through various schemes/ government support to reduce the documentation procedure in the functioning of FPOs and creation of awareness among the FPOs members. The majority of members in Hisar district suggested for support in market access and increasing market reach, whereas members in Kaithal emphasised for Exposure visits to successful FPOs.ThesisItem Open Access Need and impact analysis of HR trainings for agricultural extension- A critical assessment by trainees and trainers(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-03) Malik, Satyakaam; Dhingra, AtulThe investigation entitled “Need and Impact Analysis of HR Trainings for Agricultural Extension- A Critical Assessment by Trainees and Trainers” was carried out. The study analysed the responses of 300 trainees in agricultural extension to evaluate the effectiveness of HR training programs. The majority of trainees had graduate-level education, were in the age range of 25-40, married, and from diverse residential locations. The participants rated lectures and games as the most effective training methods and on-campus training as the most effective mode. The ideal duration of training was 5 days with 15-30 participants. Trainees rated the importance of HR training programs, with 89.67% of trainees strongly agreeing that training is required for performance improvement. The results showed that the participants placed a high value on the development and implementation of appropriate training methods and the acquisition and management of resources for training programs. Education level and working experience had the strongest correlations with the impact of the training. The study also aimed to investigate the distribution of roles and responsibilities among trainers, the level of experience and involvement of trainers in conducting HR training programs, and the beliefs of trainers about the purpose of HR training. The study found that the majority of trainers were male and highly educated. The majority of trainers served as resource persons, and the majority of participants in training programs came from state agricultural universities or agriculture departments. The study highlighted the varying beliefs of trainers about the purpose of HR training. The study found that HR training can have an impact on trainers. The study also investigated the impact of HR training on the efficiency and performance of agriculture officers. The results indicated that HR training is very helpful in improving the efficiency of officers. The study found that the HR trainings have been effective in enhancing the skill level of the trainees, and the lecture method and group discussion were widely used. The study also revealed that the education level and working experience of the trainers had a moderate positive impact on the improvement of the skills of the trainees. The study highlighted the important factors that influence the extension methods used and the type of teaching aids used by agricultural extension officers. Finally, the study found that the background of the participants, the number of training programs related to agricultural extension services, and the behaviour of the trainer had positive correlations with the trainees' willingness to attend another training program.ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of production, market integration and export performance of cotton in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-03) Vinay Kumar; Goyal, S. K.The present study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) To study the growth in area, production and productivity of cotton in Haryana and India, (2) To estimate cost and returns in cotton production and resource use efficiency in Haryana, (3)To examine the trends and relationship of cotton prices and arrivals in major markets of Haryana, (4) To analyse the direction of trade of Indian cotton exports. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana i.e. Sirsa and Hisar based on highest area under cotton. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Two blocks were selected from each selected district. Further, two villages were selected randomly from each selected block. Thus, a total of eight villages were selected for the study and from each selected village, twenty five farmers were selected and personally interviewed with the help of the well-structured schedule. The collected information was analysed to draw meaningful inferences by using statistical tools such as annual compound growth rate, correlation and regression analysis, co-integration, granger causality test and markov chain analysis. Annual compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of cotton exhibited increasing trend in Haryana as well as in India during the year 2001-02 to 2020-21. Cost benefit ratio for cotton cultivation in the study areas came out to be 1.22, 1.04 and 1.13 in Sirsa, Hisar and Overall, respectively. The resource use efficiency of the cotton farms exhibited decreasing returns to scale in both Sirsa (0.419) and Hisar (0.413) districts. Further the results showed that the regression coefficient („b‟) for the cotton prices associated with the time element in the selected markets were positive and whereas, in arrivals Adampur, Siwani and Bhiwani markets had statistically increasing trend. The results for annual compound growth rate estimated considerable increase in cotton prices in selected markets, whereas growth rate for arrival of cotton were found positive but most of the growth rates are non-significant in all markets except Siwani and Bhiwani markets. Seasonal indices analysis estimated that the cotton arrivals in the selected markets were from October to January (peak period) and least were observed in the months of February to May (lean period). The inverse relationship was observed between price and arrivals of cotton in the selected markets with few exemptions. The correlation analysis indicated that the price (time series data) of selected markets was highly correlated between each other. The long run equilibrium relationship provides a clear evidence of the integration of selected cotton markets. This implies that prices in domestic markets of Haryana move together in response to changes in the demand and supply. It was further found that Dabwali market is the lead cotton market because it influenced the prices of most of the selected cotton markets i.e. Adampur, Uklana, Sirsa, Fatehabad, Uchana, Siwani and Bhattukalan market. China is the most stable country among major importers of Indian cotton as reflected by its high probability of retention (69%) followed by Bangladesh (60 %). Other countries were having 49 per cent probability of retention which indicated that other countries were relatively moderate importer of Indian cotton.ThesisItem Open Access Issues, impediments and prospects of e-NAM – A study of perception and opinion of stakeholders of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08-28) Mukesh Kumar; Dhingra, AtulThe present study entitled “Issues, Impediments and Prospects of e-NAM – A Study of Perception and Opinion of Stakeholders of Haryana” has been undertaken with the objective to examine the functioning of e-NAM and issues, impediments related to it; to understand the perception and opinions of stakeholders of Haryana on the problems and intricacies of e-NAM and know the perception and opinions of stakeholders of Haryana on the prospects and potential of e-NAM. The study was conducted in 20 e-NAM mandis of 13 districts of Haryana. Statistical analysis and interpretation were done by using statistical test and techniques like Factor analysis, Likert scale, averages and chi-square test. Mostly 27% farmers were secondary educated, 60% intermediaries were graduate and 90% mandi officials were graduate. Majority of stakeholders agreed that infrastructure facilities like availability of bank/ATM, availability of utilities viz. electricity, drinking water, parking of vehicles and sheds were provided properly by government while the facilities like Loud speakers and broadcasting system, price display board, storage of unsold produce, provisions of weighing scales etc. needed to be improved. 77% farmers and 53% intermediaries said that they did not get training on use of e-NAM while all the mandi officers had said that they provided training to both stakeholders (farmers & intermediaries). 62% farmers and 60% intermediaries revealed that they had not attended awareness program on e-NAM while all the mandi officers claimed that they organised awareness program for both stakeholders. The study revealed that there was significant effect of education level of farmers and intermediaries on training attended on use of e-NAM, Choice of system of trade while there was no significant effect of age of intermediaries on training attended on use of e-NAM and choice of system of trade. Present study also revealed that prospects and potential were the most important factors with highest variance percentage 20.233 among all the other factors. All the intermediaries agreed that they did not have unified licence to trade across the states. Majority of the stakeholders agree that farmers did not get better price while trade through e-NAM. According to the stakeholder’s unavailability of Training program, Poor understanding of concept, timely payment, grading and assaying parameters and infrastructure facilities were the most challenging factors in functioning of e-NAM. While according to mandi officials resisting nature of intermediaries, poor understanding of concept, farmers were misguided by middlemen, Board/screen to display the bidding and weighing of lots are not used properly, e-weighing machine were not connected with e-NAM portal, e-weighing was not implemented in mandi premises, Direct money transfer facility was not implemented properly and better price was not provided through e-NAM were the major problems faced in functioning of e-NAM. Majority of stakeholders suggested that organizing awareness program, training programs, direct money transfer to account, well defined assaying parameters, modern storage facilities, modern assaying equipment, timely information, modern infrastructure facilities and expending banking & financial services were the major factors which helped in proper functioning of e-NAM.
