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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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End date: 2019 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Rating Count: 3 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and identification of predominant bacteria from genital tract of repeat breeder crossbred cows suffering from subclinical endometritis
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Painuly, Bimmy; Gupta, H.P.
    The present study was conducted with an objective to diagnose the subclinical endometritis by Whiteside test, to isolate, identify, and confirm predominant bacteria from cervico vaginal mucus samples and also to perform ABST for selection of appropriate antibiotic. A total of fifty animals were selected and CVM samples collected were screened for subclinical endometritis by Whiteside test and it was significantly (􀁆2=200 at p<0.05) determined that out of 50 animals, 40 animals were positive, among which 20 (50%), 15 (37.50%), 5 (12.50%) animals were having mild, moderate and severe form of subclinical endometritis based on colour intensity. In remaining 10 animals, cervico-vaginal mucus samples were colourless. Physical examination of cervico-vaginal mucus significantly (􀁆2=96.29 at p<0.05) revealed that in endometritic positive group out of 40 animals, 14 (35%), 22 (55%), and 4 (10%) animals showed clear stringy, turbid viscous and watery with white flakes type of cervico vaginal mucus discharge respectively. Whereas, in endometritis negative group, out of 10 animals, all 10 (100%) animals showed clear stringy CVM. Present report confirms alkalinity of cervical mucus in endometritic positive animals with mean pH 8.08±0.04, whereas endometritic negative animals had mean pH 7.33±0.03. Bacterial isolation in endometritic positive animals revealed predominance of E. coli (27) and Staphylococcus spp. (22), followed by (14) of Proteus spp. and (5) of Pseudomonas spp. bacterial isolates. Whereas in endometritic negative animals (3) Staphylococcus spp., (3) E. coli, and (1) Proteus spp. and nil Pseudomonas spp could be recovered. Among these, Gram positive and negative bacteria in endometritic positive animals were 32.35 % and 67.64 % respectively. However, in endometrictic negative animals, 42.85 % were Gram positive and 57.14 % were Gram negative which were significantly different (􀁆2=2.34 at p<0.05). And the overall ratio of bacterial isolates per cervico vaginal mucus sample obtained from endometritic positive and negative animals was 1.7 and 0.7 respectively. These bacterial isolates were also confirmed by PCR technique using genus specific primers. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that maximum number of bacterial isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (88.23%), Enrofloxacin (85.29%), Gentamicin (80.88%) and Cephapirin (82.35%). The lowest sensitivity was observed for Tertracyclin (45.58 %.) and Ampicillni (5.88%). Individually, Staphylococcus spp, E. coli, Proteus spp were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin followed by Gentamicin and Cephapirin, and these isolates were least sensitive to Tetracyclin followed by Ampicillin. While, Pseudomonas spp and Proteus spp was resistant to Tetracyclin and Ampicillin. Thus, it can be concluded that non-specific uterine infection of repeat breeder endometritic animals might be caused by E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. as these were predominantly isolated bacteria from the subclincally endometritic animals.