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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Author: Deepak Kumar × End date: 2008 × Start date: 2005 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on efficacy of different additives in enhancing biogas production in low temperature regime
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-07) Deepak Kumar; Bhattacharya, T.K.
    The energy generation system in rural sector of India largely depend upon local renewable biomass sources such as animal wastes, crop residues, fire wood etc. The overall rate of waste utilization and methane production mainly depends on the certain process parameters like temperature, pH, carbon-nitrogen ratio, total alkalinity, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, total solids, and volatile solids. Biogas production is satisfactory in tropical regions since ambient temperature always remains in mesophilic range. In low temperature regime where the process temperature never reaches the optimum requirement for maximum yield of biogas production, the biogas production can be enhanced by using certain additives like urea, cattle urine, ferric chloride and biogas spent slurry. To assess the efficacy of these additives, an experiment was conducted in actual field conditions on 0.5 m3 capacity insulated and uninsulated Pant Tarai biogas plants. The level of selected additives daily added with inlet slurry was 10 g urea d-1 m-3 digester volume, 440 ml urine d-1 m-3 digester volume, 0.5 g ferric chloride d-1 m-3 digester volume and biogas spent slurry at the rate of 10 percent of inlet slurry. The results reveal that in low temperature range of 5.7-18.80C, the cumulative biogas production was highest (61.3 %) where combination of urea and biogas spent slurry was added in substrate. In the temperature range of 9.7-21.60C, the cumulative biogas production was 48.6 % higher on substrate having urea as additive in cattle manure compared with untreated substrate. The total solids reduction during the entire course of experiment was found highest in the substrate where combination of urea and biogas spent slurry was used as additive. The volatile solids reduction in the same temperature range was higher when urea, cattle urine and combination of urea and biogas spent slurry were added in cattle manure. During the entire course of experiment the Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen content was highest in the substrate containing combination of urea and biogas spent slurry. In the ambient temperature range of 5.7-33.40 C, the phosphorous and potassium content was observed highest when cattle urine was added with cattle manure. The cumulative biogas production during 92 days of experiment was higher in the substrates containing urea, cattle urine and biogas spent slurry than the substrate having no additive. The addition of additives thus, enhanced the reduction of total solids, volatile solids and biogas production as well as the Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content in outlet slurry. The use of biogas spent slurry to enhance the gas production at low ambient temperature require is therefore, recommended.