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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Author: Arya, Chandra × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of aerial blight of soybean (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) through resistant sources, fungicides and chitosan nanoparticles
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-02) Arya, Chandra; Singh, K.P.
    Soybean (Glycin max L. Merril) is one of the most important seed legumes, which contributes 25 % of the global edible oil and about two- third of the world’s protein. Among the major diseases infecting soybean crop, aerial blight caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is most destructive and leads to huge yield losses every year around the world. The disease produces dark brown irregular spots on leaves and plant parts making the plant unproductive. Use of resistant varieties is an effective strategy for management of the disease. Sixteen soybean varieties were screened against aerial blight for two years viz., Kharif 2017 and 2018. It was observed that disease pressure was high during 2017 as compared to 2018. In 2017, the varieties PS-1572, PS-1583 and PS-1518 were found to be resistant against RAB whereas in 2018, the varieties showing resistant reaction were PS-1518, PS-1556, PS-1572 and PS-1583. Out of the 16 varieties screened against RAB, four varieties viz., PS-1518, PS-1572, PS -1556 and PS-1583 were found to be resistant in the pooled data while six varieties viz, PS1546, PK-262, PK-472, NRC-7, PS-1029 and PS-1092 exhibited a moderately resistant reaction to RAB. The effect of five different growth media against Rhizoctonia solani was also studied. Out of the five media used in the study, Czapek’s dox agar media was found best for mycelial growth and development and Corn meal agar was found best for the sclerotia production. Five new generation fungicides were also tested in vitro against the fungus, out of which, Nativo 75% WG (tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25%) was found to be the most effective with 100 percent growth inhibition at 5 ppm and above concentrations. The effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on the growth of R. solani was also tested. The most effective concentration of CNPs was 1 ppm which gave 67.77 percent growth inhibition of the fungus. The effect of chitosan nanoparticles on growth parameters of soybean was also studied. It was observed that 100 ppm concentration of CNPs gave 100 percent germination in case of JS-335 and 99.33 per cent in case of PS-1024 as compared to control with 90 an 80 per cent germination, respectively. The germination percentage was 99.33 and 88.67 and 97.33 and 70.00 per cent at 75 and 50 ppm concentration in JS335 and PS1024 respectively. Energy of emergence and germination index found to be highly effective at 100 ppm in PS- 1024 and JS-335. But the mean germination time was found lowest with 5.07 days in JS-335 as compared to control. The 50 ppm concentration of CNPs gave the highest mean germination time with 5.25 and 5.24 days in PS-1024 and JS 335, respectively. Treatment with chitosan nanoparticles was found to increase the root/shoot ratio and vigour index at a concentration of 100 ppm. Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on the fungal mycelium was studied using scanning electron microscopy and it was observed that in control, the mycelia were septate and uniformly branched with prominent constrictions at the branching point while in the treated plate, the mycelium was observed to be distorted with irregular septation or complete absence of septa, change in cell permeability, loss off cell turgidity, with a collapsed cell wall which was intermixed to form a clump of unevenly distributed cytoplasm.