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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × Author: Singh, Vaibhav × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Immunopharmacological evaluation of Rhododendron arboreum in rats
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Singh, Vaibhav; Singh, S.P.
    The present study was carried out to investigate the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antiinflammatory potential and evaluate immunopharmacological potential of hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Rhododendron arboreum (RAHE) following oral administration @ 100 mg/kg b wt, in against cyclophosphamide @ 100 mg/kg b wt, po at 7th and 14th day, induced toxic effects in 30 days study in rats. The phytochemical analysis of plant extract revealed 9.5 % yield and presence of flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, sterols, reducing sugars, resins, and proteins. In vitro study revealed antioxidant potential determined by DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide synthetase activity. and in vivo antiinflammatory study revealed antiinflammatory potential measured by in vitro inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase activity and in vivo reduction in paw edema induced by Freund’s adjuvant and formalin in rats. To evaluate immunopharmacological properties, twenty-four 6 months Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150-160 gm, were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 served as therapeutic treatment group and was administered cyclophosphamide @ 100 mg/kg b wt. on 7th and 14th day and RAHE @ 100 mg/kg b wt. from 16th-30th day. Group 3 with cyclophosphamide @ 100 mg/kg b wt. on 7th and 14th day and levamisole @ 50 mg/kg b to 30th b wt, SC. Group 4 served as prophylactic group with cyclophosphamide @ 100 mg/kg b wt. on 7th and 14th day and RAHE @ 100 mg/kg b wt, po, from 1st to 30th days in rats. No abnormal clinical signs and mortality were observed in all the groups throughout the study. Cyclophosphamide caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels which were ameliorated by RAHE treatment. There was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the level of total protein, albumin, globulin and A:G ratio in cyclophosphamide treated groups 2 which were ameliorated by oral administration of RAHE in group 4. Significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol and bilirubin indicated hepatotoxic effects and BUN and creatinine levels indicated cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxic effects in group 2 which were ameliorated by treatment with RAHE after 30 days in rats of group 4. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in levels of RBC and tissue GSH, catalase and SOD levels and a significant (P<0.05) increase in LPO levels in cyclophosphamide treated rats of group 2 indicated oxidative stress which was reversed towards normalcy by treatment with RAHE for 30 days in group 4. Cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression as evident by reduction in HA titre, phagocytic index, neutrophil adhesion test, DTH response and total immunoglobulins in group 2, however, RAHE treated group 4 revealed significant (P<0.05) improvement in these parameters after 30 days indicating immunomodulatory properties of RAHE. On pathological examination, there were no apparent changes in the shape and size and any type of lesions on the visceral organs such as liver, spleen, heart, kidney, lungs and intestine. On histopathological examination, central vein congestion, dilatation of sinusoidal space, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocyte in liver, hemosiderosis and hyperplasia of the white pulp in spleen, intertubular hemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration and necrosis of the tubular epithelium in kidneys, emphysema and thickening of the interstitium with congestion in lungs were evident in group 2, however, these changes were either of mild degree or were absent in RAHE treated rats of group 4. It is concluded from the study that RAHE @ 100 mg/kg b wt, orally for 30 days revealed ameliorative effect against cyclophosphamide @ 100 mg/kg b wt, po at 7th and 14th day induced haemotoxic, hepatpotoxic, nephrotoxic, oxidative stress and immunosuppressive effects in 30 day study in rats. Ameliorative effects of RAHE was more potent by prophylactic than therapeutic treatment.