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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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20223
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Subject: Soil and Water Conservation × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hydrological modelling of Gola watershed using soil and water assessment tool
    (G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Mathpal, Himadri; Pankaj Kumar
    Water is the most important natural resource for the existence of all living beings. However, as demand rises and supply decreases, the disparity between the two grows relatively high every day. Scientific water management is essential to meet the demands of irrigation and domestic use. An efficient strategy for managing, evaluating, and modeling significant water resources is the need of the hour. The advent of remote sensing and GIS technology has made it feasible to employ geographically and physically based hydrological models to mimic the operation of watershed systems as easily and realistically as possible. In reality, a major impediment to widespread adoption of these tools, particularly in developing countries, was a lack of or inaccessibility to data. In order to assess the hydrology of the Gola watershed in Uttarakhand, India, the current study incorporated remote sensing derived products, gridded precipitation and temperature data, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) into a geographic information system modelling framework. Using the SWAT model, the whole basin was divided into 29 subbasins, which have been further divided into a total of 207 hydrological response units based on distinct land cover, soil, and slope classes. Runoff was modelled in this study by utilising input from 15 years (2006-2020) of meteorological data. The SUFI-2 algorithm of SWAT-CUP was used for model calibration and validation for a monthly time period. The first three years (2006–2008) were used as a warm-up phase, followed by the calibration period of eight years (2009–2016), after which the model was validated for the next four years (2017–2020). The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE). During calibration, R2 and NSE were 0.85 and 0.84, respectively while during validation, they were 0.65 and 0.65. The global sensitivity function in SWAT-CUP was used to rank the overall impact of each parameter after calibration. In the analysis, CN2, which simulates the stream flow of the Gola watershed, was discovered to be the most sensitive parameter with an absolute t-statistic of -15.56 and a p-value of 0.00. With a t-statistic and p-value of -0.17 and 0.85, respectively, it was determined that the SURLAG parameter was the least sensitive. The study found that linking the SWAT and SWAT-CUP made the calibration process for simulating local hydrology within the watershed faster and more accurate.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of water quantity and quality through soil column under ordinary and neem coated urea application rates
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-09) Gupta, Shashi; Singh, P.V.
    Nitrogen one of the most important nutrient for agriculture production is usually supplied via application of ordinary and neem coated urea because of its high-water solubility and susceptibility to nitrogen loss through leaching. Its application at the soil surface may affect the infiltration, percolation through soil profile and leaching of nutrients in the soil profile may also deteriorate the ground water quality. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of application of two application rates i.e. 22 and 44 g/m2 of ordinary and neem coated urea on the infiltration and percolation behavior of soil and percolated water quality through a soil column after 24-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour of saturation in the laboratory conditions on an experimental set up consisting of cylinder of 60 cm depth and 30 cm diameter with a 15 cm tall conical bottom with 2 cm hole. In total 54 experimental sets were performed having 3 replications of each of 18 treatment combinations of 2 factors time after saturation and applications rates of urea. Percolated water sample was collected after every 15 min to estimate percolated water quantity and quality was determined. The infiltration rates were found to 31.60 cm/h, 29.84 cm/h and 29.40 cm/h for the soil without urea application while the infiltration rate was found 29.26 cm/h, 26.64 cm/h and 21.76 cm/h for soil with application of 22 g/m2 of ordinary urea and 26.80 cm/h, 23.70 cm/h and 18.22 cm/h for soil with application of 22 g/m2 of neem coated urea respectively for 24, 48 and 72 h. The Percent volume reduction in percolation in case of ordinary and neem coated urea with application rate of 22 g/m2 as compared to soil without application of any urea was found 21.36 %, 25.03 % for 24 h after saturation 30.53 %, 34.21 % for 48 h after saturation and 44.44 %, 50.00% for 72h after saturation respectively. Maximum nutrient lost along with percolated water through after 24, 48 and 72h saturated soil column, under 22 g/m2 of ordinary and neem coated urea applications were found as 44.80, 42.56, 40.32 and 41.44, 39.20, 36.96 ppm respectively in case of nitrogen, 3.81, 3.77, 3.75 and 3.67, 3.61, 3.57 ppm respectively in case of phosphorous and for potassium as 7.10, 7.00, 6.70 and 6.40, 6.20, 5.90 ppm. The infiltration rates were determined to be 30.00 cm/h, 29.62 cm/h and 28.84 cm/h for the soil without application of urea while the infiltration rate was found 28.80 cm/h, 26.40 cm/h and 20.28 cm/h for soil with application of 44 g/m2 ordinary urea and 24.90 cm/h, 19.50 cm/h and 17.40 cm/h for soil with application of 44 g/m2 neem coated urea respectively for 24, 48 and 72 h. Application of ordinary and neem coated urea with application rate of 44 g/m2 as compared to soil without application of any urea were resulted in the percent volume reduction in percolation were found to be 28.33 %, 36.11 % for 24 h after saturation, 52.78 %, 61.11 % for 48 h after saturation and 54.29 %, 57.14 % for 72h after saturation respectively. Maximum nutrient lost along with percolated water through after 24, 48 and 72 h saturated soil column, under 44 g/m2 of ordinary and neem coated urea applications were found as 86.24, 81.76, 78.40 and 71.68, 68.32, 64.96 ppm respectively in case of nitrogen, 3.88, 3.85, 3.83 and 3.79, 3.71, 3.69 ppm respectively in case of phosphorous and for potassium as 7.60, 7.50, 7.30 and 6.90, 6.70, 6.50 ppm. The results shows that neem coated urea decrease all three-infiltration rate, percolation and the percent volume reduction more as compared to ordinary urea as well as in least nutrient losses through percolation. Infiltration rate, percolation and percent volume reduction decreases with increment in time after saturation. Rate of increase of cumulative infiltration is steady initially for a certain period of time and later on soil with neem coated urea resulted in the lowest value of cumulative infiltration and the rate while soil without urea in the highest value. Nutrient losses through percolation decreases with decrease in time duration after saturation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Watershed prioritization of Kosi watershed based on the morphometric and land use and land cover analysis
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-03) Sanodiya, Vishnu; Pankaj Kumar
    Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resource management, especially watershed management. Kosi watershed is a constituent of the Kosi river, and it falls within the Almora and Nainital districts of the Uttarakhand, covering an 1819 km2 area. Using remote sensing and GIS application, prioritization of Kosi sub-watersheds have been done based on different morphological attribute lineage with soil erodibility and land use and land cover analysis. Prioritization has been performed to identify environmental stress areas. ArcGis 10.4.1 has been utilized for watershed delineation, morphometric analysis, and LULC supervised classification. The Kosi watershed is further delineated into 17 sub-watersheds for prioritization purposes. Various morphometric parameters (linear, areal, and relief) have been determined for each sub-watershed. Nine morphometric parameters has been selected for pairwise comparison matrix for prioritization based on the FAHP technique then suitable weights are assigned to the morphometric parameters. Further, these weights has normalized to assign final ranks to the sub-watersheds. Subwatersheds have been classified into five categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. . In FAHP technique only Sub-watersheds SW1 and SW3 are found very high priority, whereas sub-watersheds SW8 and SW11 comes under very less priority. Land use and land cover mapping have been carried out with the help of Landsat 8 LISS III level II data with an overall accuracy of 84.98 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.81. Kosi watershed is classified into six classes forest, wasteland, waterbody, cultivated land, rocks and built-up area. Three classes wasteland, cultivated land, forest area are considered for prioritization, an average of the individual rank are determined for the final ranking of the sub-watersheds. Based on LULC sub-watersheds SW3, SW6 and SW9 comes under very high priority, and sub-watersheds SW14 and SW17 comes under very less priority.