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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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2004 - 20082
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Subject: Plant Physiology × Author: Bisht, Smita ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the growth, development and some physiological and biochemical parameters of problematic weed spp. of winter season
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Bisht, Smita; Guru, S.K.
    The experiment was conducted in Plant Physiology Department of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the growth, development and some physiological and biochemical parameters of ten problematic weed species, two monocot and eight dicot of winter season. Studies on germination and the effect of various chemicals and growth regulators on the process were carried out in petri dishes under laboratory conditions. Seed production potential was maximum in C. album, while its test weight (1000 seeds) was the lowest. All the chemicals such as potassium nitrate, H2O2 thiourea and the growth regulator GA3 promoted the germination of all the weed species, their concentration being specific for each species. Morphological parameters such as plant height, leaf number as well as leaf growth parameters; physiological growth parameter such as RGR and NAR, dry matter production, biochemical parameter such as chlorophyll and carotenoid content were estimated at different days after seedling emergence. Concentrations of N, P and K were determined at harvest. Chlorophyll fluorescence values (Fv/Fm) and SPAD meter reading were also recorded from time to time: Plant height of monocots weed were higher than dicots whereas the i,ea.f area was higher in dicot leaves. Shoot dry matter production was highest in I?. acelosella and lowest in L. aphaca. Total chlorophyll contents of weed species was positively correlated with their chlorophyll fluorescence values. But SPAD values could not be correlated with their chlorophyll contents. NR activity was higher during the initial growth stages (upto 45 to 60 DAE) and it correlated with the nitrogen-assimilating capacity of almost all the weed species. Contents of N, P and K were usually higher in the dicot weed species than in monocots. In all the weed species, N content was lower in the stem, whereas P and K contents were higher as compared to those of the leaves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Competitive ability of rice cultivars against weeds: role of growth physiology and phenolic allelopathy
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Bisht, Smita; Guru, S.K.
    The present study was conducted in the Crop Research Center and Plant Physiology Department of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, with an objective to elucidate the competitive ability of five rice cultivars viz. Sarju 52, Narendra 359, Pant Dhan 12, Pant Dhan 16 and VL Dhan 206 against weeds, with an emphasis on the role of growth physiology and phenolic allelopathy.The experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2006 and 2007, in a split plot design with three replication. The treatments consisted of Weedy, Hand weeding, Butachlor. Morphological parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf number, as well as leaf growth parameters, grain yield and panical number; physiological parameters such as RGR, RLGR, RLAGR, LAR, SLW and NAR, was measured at different time intervals dry matter production. Biochemical parameter such as phenol content and profiling through HPLC were carried out at different growth. The effect of different phenolics alone or in combination and the water-soluble extracts of root and shoot tissuses of rice on germination and seedling growth of six weed species were analyzed in petri-dishes under laboratory conditions. Among the different phenolics, p- hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid had maximum inhibitory effect on weed seed germination. Inhibition of germination was greater when the phenolics were used in different combination than when used individually. Among shoot and root extract, the shoot extract of varieties PD12 and PD16 had maximum inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth of all the six weed species under study. Among the five rice cultivars, PD 12, PD 16 & Narendra 359 were found to be highly competitive while VL Dhan & Sarju 52 were less competitive cultivars, as evident from their CWCI. VL Dhan is a taller variety & has lower yield potential while PD 12, PD 16, Sarju 52 and Narendra 359 are semi-dwarf varieties and had higher yield potential. The higher biomass at early vegetative stage contributes to their competitive ability so that PD 12 and PD 16 are more competitive cultivars than Narendra 359 and Sarju 52 while; VL Dhan was the least competitive cultivar. PD 12 & PD 16 had higher tiller number at 30 DAT, which contributes to their competitiveness, which was not true for VL Dhan. PD 12, PD 16 and Narendra 359 had more leaf area at 30 DAT hence a higher vegetative vigor than Sarju 52 and VL Dhan. There was no correlation of RGR & NAR with competitive ability. RGR & NAR of both the years was highest for the variety VL Dhan at 45-60 & 30-45 DAT respectively, while rest of the four varieties had similar RGR & NAR. The total phenol content was higher in the varieties PD 12 and PD 16 and it was higher in the root tissue than in the shoot tissue. The phenolic profiling through HPLC revealed that gallic acid, resorcinol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid and vanillic acid were among the major phenolics present in the rice varieties. Protein profiling revealed no difference among the varieties, as the banding pattern was same for all the cultivars in both the years.