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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Elangbam Premabati Devi × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiology and molecular characterization of leaf rust resistance genes in wheat
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2022-01) Elangbam Premabati Devi; Singh, K.P.
    Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is one of the most destructive disease of wheat. It is a serious constraint in wheat cultivation of India with great potential to cause yield losses of 50-80 per cent. The most useful and economically effective measure for management of leaf rust is utilization of resistant cultivars. The evolution of new physiological races or pathotypes with time render earlier reported resistant variety to susceptible one which made the management strategies a very challenging task. The breakdown of effective high yielding varieties was reported due to breakdown of Lr9, Lr19, Lr26, Lr28 genes by development of new matching virulence in pathosystems. The present investigations were carried out to identify the promising varieties with durable resistance in field conditions along with the epidemiological studies by referring statistical models and validation of effective Lr genes in wheat varieties by SSR, STS and SCAR markers. The survey of different wheat growing areas resulted that 60 per cent severity with susceptible response were recorded in Pune, Powerkheda, Ludhiana areas while Pantnagar, Faizabad, Kanpur, Mehsana, Junagadh in Gujarat were recorded with less infection of severity ranged from 5 per cent of resistant response to 20 per cent of moderately susceptible response. The result of seedling resistance test in glasshouse condition for 51 varieties has indicated that 18 varieties viz. HP1633, Chakwal86, Gourab, HD2160, HW2021, HW2008, Kharachia Mutant, HP1731, DL784-3, RNB1001, UP2628, UP2526, UP2855, UP2865, UP2572, UP2748, UP2785 and UP2425 were recorded with less infection types so characterized as resistant against 15 pathotypes of leaf rust. Gene postulation of 51 varieties also result that 7 Lr genes viz. Lr1, Lr9, Lr10, Lr13, Lr23, Lr26 and Lr34 were postulated either singly or in combination. Assessment of effective inoculation methods has revealed that spraying of spore suspension at seedling stage and injection of spore suspension at booting stage were statistically highly effective for creating an artificially created epiphytotic condition. Based on multilocation field screening conducted at Pantnagar and Wellington which is a hotspot area for leaf rust, among 51 varieties, 24 and 27 varieties exhibits less than 20 per cent and more than 20 per cent of average coefficient of infection, respectively, so these varieties were considered as resistant and highly susceptible to leaf rust. Linear regression between pooled final rust severity score and pooled area under disease progress curve value has depicted that these two parameters has linearly related with 82 percent with corresponding linear equation as y = 8.267x - 93.70 (R2 0.823) for Pantnagar and 92 per cent with the corresponding linear equation as y = 20.24x - 20.54 (R2 0.92) for Wellington. Positively significant correlation coefficient were obtained with maximum temperature (r ranged from 0.660** to 0.819**) and minimum temperature (r ranged from 0.603** to 0.837**) with disease severity suggesting possible involvement of these temperature in imparting resistant /susceptible against leaf rust. Artificial epiphytotics of leaf rust of wheat were studied in Rabi season during 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2020-21 crop year for developing environmental based prediction models to predict rust a week before the actual appearance of the disease using Logistic, Gompertz, Monomolecular and Exponential models. The Logistic and Gompertz equation best linearlized the disease progress data so identified as the most appropriate and best fitted model. Polymorphism analysis by gene specific marker has confirmed four markers (csLV34 for Lr34, SCS5 for Lr9, Xwmc332 for Lr48 and STS123 for Lr19) exhibits polymorphism while four markers (cfd71 for Lr67, Xwmc313 for Lr28, csGs for Lr68 and Xwmc44 for Lr46) were found to be monomorphic. The dendogram constructed based on markers profile has categorized into two main clusters A and B having 13 varieties each in cluster group with the similarity coefficient of 0.58. Moreover, the distribution of Jaccard similarity coefficient value of all 26 varieties ranged from 0.50 to 0.92. Therefore, those identified resistant varieties both in phenotypic and genotypic level could be employed for the effective management of leaf rust in field conditions.