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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of yield and quality characters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Anil Kumar; Mani, S.C.Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the second most important crop after wheat, is staple food for nearly 60 per cent of world population and contributes over 20 per cent of total calorie intake of human population. More than 90 per cent of rice is grown in the developing countries of Asia, where the problem of food supplies are acute. Globally, it is cultivated in about 146 million hectares, which produce 520 million tonnes of rough rice annually. In India, rice is grown in an area of 44.0 million hectares with a production of about 91.05 million tonnes and a productivity of 3.1 tonnes per hectare. Genetic improvement in rice has contributed significantly to food security in Asia during the last three decades, but to meet the growing demand of ever-increasing population, it is necessary to produce new rice varieties combining higher yield potential with excellent quality. The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2004 to Kharif, 2006 at the Crop Research Centre of G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar. The main objectives of this study were (1) To apply simple and joint scaling tests for the detection of non-allelic interaction (2) To study the simple additive ±dominance and digenic models for the estimation of genetic components of variation (3) To study the gene action for grain yield, its components and certain quality traits in basmati rice (4) To estimate the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Genetic analysis to grain yield ,its components and certain quality traits were based on 7 intraspecfic crosses (UPRI 2003-13 × Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105 × Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, UPR 2879-98-105 × Type 3, UPRI 2003-18 × UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19 × UPR 2879-98-105, UPR 2879-98-105 × Taraori Basmat, and UPRI 2003-13 × Type 3) involving 8 parents( UPRI 2003-13, Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105, Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, Type-3, UPRI 2003-18, UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19)and their F1¶s, F2¶s and backcross progenies. Six generations (P1, P 2, F 1¶s, F2¶s, BC1P1¶s and BC1P2¶s) of same 7 crosses, mentioned above, were evaluated by generation mean analysis in a Compact Family Block Design in three replications. Observations were recoded on days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content . Additive (d) component was found to be important for day to 50% flowering, plant height, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, gel consistency and amylose content. Dominance gene effect (h) played an important role in governing the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content. Both additive and dominance effects contributed significantly in the expression of day to 50% flowering, plant height number of grains per panicle, panicle length and 1000- grain weight. Among the digenic interactions, additive x additive (i) was found most important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length , grain yield per plant, kernel length and kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content The dominance x dominance component (l) was relatively more important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency , whereas additive x dominance (j) gene effect played important role in the expression of days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency. Duplicate epistasis was observed in almost all the crosses for various quantitative and qualitative characters. Most of the crosses exhibited maximum heterosis for grain yield, 1000-grain weight; numbers of grains/panicle, panicle length, number of effective tillers/plant and plant height.ThesisItem Open Access Dus characterization of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars by morphological, biochemical and molecular markers(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-08) Joshi, Dinesh Chandra; Chawla, H.S.ThesisItem Open Access Estimation of gene effects for seed yield and its component characters in Indian-mustard (Brassica juncea (l.) Czern and Coss)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-08) Ojha, Om Prakash; Pant, D.P.Rapeseed-mustard, Indian-mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss) is the most important crop grown during rabi season in north western and central part of India. The genetic base of the rapeseed-mustard has decreased drastically resulting in limited levels of genetic diversity which is highly needed to create new accessions. Therefore, present investigation was undertaken to estimate and detect non-allelic interactions using joint scaling test diallel analysis (excluding reciprocals) and triple test cross analysis. The experimental material consisted of 54 genotypes (8parents + 28F’1+4BC1’s+4BC2’s+6F1 with hybrid tester) derived from 8 parents. These progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Observations were recorded for 14 important quantitative traits, namely, days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main shoot, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae on main shoot, length of siliqua, number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, oil content and harvest index. The data were subjected to statistical analysis for joint scaling test following Cavalli (1952), diallel analysis following Griffings (1956b, MethodII, Model I) and triple test cross analysis following Ketata et al., (1976). Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 andBC2) of four crosses namely, JD-6×Vardan (C I), Pusa Karisma×Kranti (C II), Basanti×Pusa bold (C III) and PRQ-2005×Kanti (C IV) were evaluated to study the gene action involve in the inheritance of seed yield and its component characters. The data of six generations were subjected to joint scaling test (Cavalli, 1952) to test the adequacy of additive-dominance and digenic interaction (5 parameter) model. Among gene effects, additive gene effect (d) were found to be more important under adequate model for days to flower initiation and seed yield per plant. Dominance gene effect (h) has important role in governing the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, length of main shoot and 1000-seed weight. Both additive and dominance gene effects were involved in the expression of plant height, length of main shoot, number of secondary branches per plant and seed yield per plant. Considering the interactions ‘i' and ‘l’ were equally important for various quantitative traits. Diallel analysis experiment was consisted of 36 treatment (28 F1’s+8 parents) excluding reciprocals. Parents involved in the experiments are JD-6, Kanti, Basanti, Kranti, Varuna, Pusa Karisma, PRQ-2005 and Pusa bold. The combining ability analysis was carried out following model 1 and method 2 of (Griffings, 1956). General combining ability variances and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits. The parents showing best per se performance alongwith high gca were Kanti for days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowring, days to maturity and Kranti for number of secondary branches per plant and length of main shoot. Five top crosses which were selected on the basis of sca effect were Vardan×Pusa Karisma, Kranti×Vardan, Basanti×Kranti, JD-6×Pusa bold and PRQ-2005×Pusa bold. Triple test cross analysis (Ketata et al., 1976) was carried out to study the non-allelic interaction additive and dominance gene effect, degree and direction of dominance for the important economic characters including yield and oil content. The experimental material 6 lines, 3 tester (L1, L2 and L3 i.e. L1×L2) and 18 crosses (line×tester) were grown in randomized block design with 3 replications. Total epistasis was found significant for all the characters except oil content. Magnitude of total epistasis was higher for days to maturity, plant height, length of main shoot, days to 50% maturity, days to flower initiation and siliquae on main shoot. Partitioning of epistasis into ‘i' and ‘j+l’ type epistasis, indicate that presence on non-allelic interaction for different quantitative traits. Both ‘i' and ‘j+l’ type of interaction were found significant for all the characters. Results indicated that most of the characters were under the control of additive gene effects. Dominance gene effect were found significant for days to flower initiation, days to maturity, plant height, primary branches per plant, siliqua on main shoot, seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight and oil content. Presence of partial dominance was observed for all the characters except 1000-seed weight. Significant and positive correlation coefficient were recorded for days to 50% flowering and siliqua on main shoot. Overall results indicated that both fixable and non-fixable effects are available for most of the characters which may be exploited effectively through the appropriate breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of yield and quality characters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Anil Kumar; Mani, S.C.Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the second most important crop after wheat, is staple food for nearly 60 per cent of world population and contributes over 20 per cent of total calorie intake of human population. More than 90 per cent of rice is grown in the developing countries of Asia, where the problem of food supplies are acute. Globally, it is cultivated in about 146 million hectares, which produce 520 million tonnes of rough rice annually. In India, rice is grown in an area of 44.0 million hectares with a production of about 91.05 million tonnes and a productivity of 3.1 tonnes per hectare. Genetic improvement in rice has contributed significantly to food security in Asia during the last three decades, but to meet the growing demand of ever-increasing population, it is necessary to produce new rice varieties combining higher yield potential with excellent quality. The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2004 to Kharif, 2006 at the Crop Research Centre of G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar. The main objectives of this study were (1) To apply simple and joint scaling tests for the detection of non-allelic interaction (2) To study the simple additive –dominance and digenic models for the estimation of genetic components of variation (3) To study the gene action for grain yield, its components and certain quality traits in basmati rice (4) To estimate the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Genetic analysis to grain yield ,its components and certain quality traits were based on 7 intraspecfic crosses (UPRI 2003-13 × Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105 × Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, UPR 2879-98-105 × Type 3, UPRI 2003-18 × UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19 × UPR 2879-98-105, UPR 2879-98-105 × Taraori Basmat, and UPRI 2003-13 × Type 3) involving 8 parents( UPRI 2003-13, Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105, Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, Type-3, UPRI 2003-18, UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19)and their F1’s, F2’s and backcross progenies. Six generations (P1, P2, F1’s, F2’s, BC1P1’s and BC1P2’s) of same 7 crosses, mentioned above, were evaluated by generation mean analysis in a Compact Family Block Design in three replications. Observations were recoded on days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content . Additive (d) component was found to be important for day to 50% flowering, plant height, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, gel consistency and amylose content. Dominance gene effect (h) played an important role in governing the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content. Both additive and dominance effects contributed significantly in the expression of day to 50% flowering, plant height number of grains per panicle, panicle length and 1000- grain weight. Among the digenic interactions, additive x additive (i) was found most important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length , grain yield per plant, kernel length and kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content The dominance x dominance component (l) was relatively more important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency , whereas additive x dominance (j) gene effect played important role in the expression of days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency. Duplicate epistasis was observed in almost all the crosses for various quantitative and qualitative characters. Most of the crosses exhibited maximum heterosis for grain yield, 1000-grain weight; numbers of grains/panicle, panicle length, number of effective tillers/plant and plant height.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on development of abiotic stresses tolerant hybrids in maize (Zea mays L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-03) Massey, Preeti; Warsi, M.Z.K.The present study was undertaken on maize (Zea mays L.) in three conditions viz., normal, low-N and Excess Soil Moisture (ESM) during 2007 with the main objectives of (i) studying intercharacter correlations, (ii) estimating yield reduction under low-N and ESM conditions, (iii) examining the combining ability of parental lines and hybrid combination (iv) developing suitable selection indices in relation to low-N and ESM tolerance. The experimental material consisted of twelve lines and four testers and their 48 single crosses planted in Randomized Block Design. Analysis of variance revealed significance for all the traits studied in both conditions in all environments, clearly indicating there by the existence of high genetic variability in the genotypes.. Reduction in yield was comparatively lower in tolerant genotypes in all environments under field conditions. Parents L2, L7, L9, L10, L12 and T1 were the best general combiners for earliness in both low-N and ESM conditions. Crosses L2T4, L4T3, L5T2, L7T4, L8T1, L8T2, L9T1, L12T3 and L12T4 showed good GCA for ASI and L1T3, L2T4, L4T1, L5T2, L5T3, L6T2, L6T3, L7T2 , L8T1, L9T2, L10T1, L11T3, L11T4, L12T3 and L12T4 were good combiners for yield and crosses L2T2, L4T4, L5T2, L7T1, L10T1, L10T4, L11T3 and L12T4 were observed to be high combiners for 100-kernel weight in both low-N and ESM conditions. Yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, ear height, cob length, cob diameter and 100-kernel weight in both the conditions. However in case of low-N condition yield was also positively correlated with leaf senescence. Positive correlation of yield was also found with nodes bearing adventitious roots in ESM conditions. Crosses L11T4 and L6T4 had the highest index value in relation to low-N and ESM conditions respectively.
