Loading...
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
Browse
15 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of an animal drawn subsurface manure applicator(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-09) Negi, Ankit; Singh, JayantAgriculture is a production oriented sector in which farmers apply various crop inputs. The farmers are over applying the chemical fertilizers to fulfil global food demand. The over utilization of chemical fertilizers such as Urea and DAP has undermine the quality of soil. Moreover, the over use of these chemical fertilizers have drastic effect on the human health avoid the volatilization of Nitrogen in the form of Ammonia and can enhance the properties of soil. Therefore an animal drawn subsurface manure applicator was developed and its performance was evaluated in laboratory as well as in field conditions. The study shows that screw type metering mechanism is appropriate for the developed machine. The metering mechanism had to deliver to. The study shows that there is insignificant effect of hopper height and travel speed on the uniformity of manure distribution. The theoretical manure rate, actual manure rate and efficiency of screw conveyer were observed to be as well as on the environment. The subsurface application manure can 11.62, 7.01 and 60.32%. The draft requirement for untilled field conditions was observed as 0.63, 0.68, 0.68 and 0.77 kN for the speed of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 km/h at the 50 mm depth of operation. Similarly, the draft was observed as 0.72, 0.77, 0.82 and 0.86 kN for the Speed of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 km/h at the 100 mm depth of operation. Also, the draft was observed as 1.20, 1.30, 1.34 and 1.39 kN respectively for the speed of 1.5, 2, 25 and 3 km/h at the 150 mm depth of operation. The draft requirement for tilled field conditions was observed as 0.53, 0.63, 0.68 and 0.68 kN for the speed of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 km/h at the 50 mm depth of operation. Also, the draft requirement was observed as 0.73, 0.78, 0.87 and 0.87 kN for the speed of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 km/h at the 100 mm depth of operation. Also, the draft requirement was observed as 0.92, 1.01, 1.06 and 1.10 KN for the speed of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 km/h at the 150 mm depth of operation.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of a manually operated rice transplanter(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Deepak Kumar; Pateriya, R.N.Rice is a major food grain crop and staple food of millions of people in the world. About 90 per cent of rice grown in the world is produced and consumed only in Asian countries. In India rice crop is planted in almost all the states and the area under rice cultivation was 43.79 Mha and the total estimated rice production of India was 112.91 MT in 2017-18 (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2018, MA&FW. Rice crop is generally sown by means of two methods in India, i.e. broadcasting of seeds and transplanting of paddy seedlings. Out of these two methods, transplanting of seedlings is the most common practice in India. However the main problem in the production of rice is transplanting operation, which is tedious and labour consuming, because a person has to stand in puddled field and and bend for putting seedlings by hands into the soil. Optimum plant density and timely operation of transplanting has been considered essential for maximizing the yield of rice. During the transplanting season, there occurs an acute shortage of labour. Hence mechanical transplanting has been observed to be most promising option. The power operated transplanter is also available but the socio-economic condition of the Indian farmer dose not to permit them to purchase the same due to its high cost. Hence there is need to design a manually operated, low cost and light weight rice transplanter. Therefore the present study was carried out at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar for the design and development of a manually operated rice transplanter for root washed seedlings. The performance evaluation was carried out with three level of seedling age (20, 25 and 30 days) at three levels of water depth (0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 mm) in three different level of field preparation (low, medium and high). The missing hills, floating hills, damaged hills, buried hills, hill to hill spacing, planting efficiency, actual field capacity and field efficiency were evaluated during experiment. The minimum missing hills (16.7 %) was observed with 20 days old seedlings in 0-30 mm water depth at low level of field preparation. The minimum floating hills (15.1 %) was recorded at medium level field preparation in 0-30 mm water depth with 30 days seedling age. The minimum damaged hills (5.5 %) was obtained in 30-60 mm water depth with 30 days seedling age at medium level of field preparation. The minimum buried hills (3.6 %) was observed with 30 days old seedlings at medium level of field preparation in 0-30 mm water depth. The maximum planting efficiency (83.3 %) was obtained in 0-30 mm water depth with 20 days seedling age at low level field preparation. The actual field capacity and field efficiency were obtained as 0.02 ha/h and 62.26 % respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Wear characteristics and material Composition of ADI-III rotavator blades(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Arya, Rajat; Pateriya, R.N.Rotavator is an efficient tillage implement used for rapid seed bed preparation and is an energy and time efficient equipment for different soils compared to all other conventional tillage implements. The primary cause that limits the persistence of rotavator is wear of rotavator blades which are different for different types of blades. This work was undertaken to study the material composition and wear characteristics of ADI-III Rotavator blades which were made by austempering heat treatment process done over cast iron. The objective was carried out by means of elemental analysis and identification of wear pattern of rotavator blades with increase in operational time and the study was compared to imported and indigenous rotavator blades namely, Jumbo make and Jay Bharat make. The results indicated that change in material compostion responsible for wear characteristics of blades was minimum for ADI-III rotavator blades. Iron and Carbon contents were decreased from 84.33 and 5.30 % to 72.4 and 4.20 % respectively. Minimum weight loss of 140.2 g was observed in ADI-III, followed by 159.21 g in Imported and maximum weight loss of 219.68 g was recorded in Indigenous rotavator blades after 100 hours of actual field operation. The wear rate for ADI-III blades was 1.402 g/h after 100 hours of operation which was minimum in comparison to other rotavator blades. It was found that blade section of rotavator blade was most prone to wear and reduction in thickness at blade section for ADI-III, Indegenous and Imported rotavator blade was 2.29, 3.59 and 3.29 mm respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Performance evaluation and vibration analysis of a modified self-propelled boom sprayer for intra canopy spraying(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Bisht, Manoj Singh; Arun KumarIndia has made impressive improvement on the agricultural front since independence. Plant protection is an essential operation in the basic practices of crop production. Data shows that diseases, insects and weed put together 34 to 42 % damage to the crops produced worldwide. Annually Indian agriculture suffers a loss of about 30-40% crop yield of 3,600 crores due to insect and pests. Various plant protection measures are followed throughout India, among which chemical method is most widely used. Common plant protection equipments include Knapsack sprayers (manual and power operated), foot sprayer, tractor mounted sprayer in India. Most of the sprayers spray the solution from the top of the plant and the underside of the leaves also go unnoticed during spraying. The insects or pests that remain inside or underneath the canopy cover are not affected by the spray. It is difficult to achieve under leaf coverage with normal spraying operations. The pest and insets present inside the canopy and under the leaves are not affected by this spray which leads to infestation and damage even after spraying. Most of the Indian farmers have marginal and small land holding which makes it difficult to operate a tractor-drawn sprayer in those fields. Keeping in view the above problems the development of sprayer to perform intra canopy and under leaf spraying was undertaken. A self-propelled intra canopy boom sprayer was developed for spraying chemical in small height row crops in Indian condition. It was suitable for small land holdings and had low cost of operation. The modified self-propelled intra canopy boom sprayer had an improved boom section with flat fan nozzles mounted on the top of the boom to spray chemical from the top of the row and hollow cone nozzles placed at one third of plant height from the ground in between the rows to spray liquid into the canopy. Hollow cone nozzles mounted in U-types body were placed in between rows with the help of hose drops, the nozzles would spray chemical in the unidirectional area. For supplying the spray from delivery pipe it was connected to T socket and it delivered the liquid in two directions (top and bottom). The provision of gate valve was provided for controlling the supply of the bottom section. In order to obtain different application rate and spray discharge, gate valves at different positions were set. The swath width of sprayer is 3.6m. For every row of plants two nozzles (one flat fan and one hollow cone) were used to spray the liquid to get maximum leaf area coverage. The performance of the developed sprayer was evaluated in laboratory condition and analysis the vibration to ensure that the objectives are fulfilled. The nozzles were tested in the laboratory to find its volumetric distribution, swath and spray angle at different pressure and height combinations. The independent parameters for patternator test were operating pressure (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 kg/cm2), nozzle heights (200, 300, 400, 500, 545 and 600 mm). The flat fan nozzle gave its best volumetric distribution at 2.5 kg/cm2 and 300 mm nozzle height while the hollow cone nozzles at 3 kg/cm2 and 545 mm nozzle height. The swath and angle of spray of the nozzles were determined and it was found that with increase in pressure and height the swath was increased while the spray angle increased with pressure. To equal discharge rate for both (top and bottom) the gate valve opening position should be 1/4th. The vibration acceleration increased significantly with increase in forward speed from 1.50 to 3.00 km/h corresponding to engine speed low to high of the sprayer .ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of a manually operated bio-char block making machine(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Sharma, Hemant Kumar; Singh, R.P.The world is presently facing the vague catastrophe of the energy crisis and environmental deprivation. India is the fourth leading consumer in the world of crude oil and natural gas. Presently, conventional energy sources i.e. coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear and hydropower account for 85% to 90% of primary energy consumption in India. Renewable energy sources provide approximately 10% of the total energy demand in India. Biomass is considered as renewable, sustainable and carbon natural fuel source which is available in huge amount in India about 500 MMT/yr. In Indian Himalayas region, the availability of pine needle (Pinus roxburghii) is about 15.9 MMT/yr, whereas in Uttarakhand is about 2.06 MMT/yr. The present work was carried out for the design and development of a manually operated biochar block making machine. The machine was ergonomically designed with M.S. frame of height 90 cm, 150 cm long compaction lever (G.I. pipe), compressing unit, base plate and moulds of diameter 12.7 cm, height 17 cm. The biochar blocks were prepared with different types of binders such as soil, cattle dung, cement and lime as 30%, 40% and 50% proportion by weight. By block making, bulk density of loose biomass increased from 40-200 kg/m3 to 600-1200 kg/m3 with an increase in calorific value and reduces transportation cost and storage space requirement as compared to raw biomass (pine needle). The prepared blocks were having a diameter of 12.7 cm, height of 8 cm and weight of 600 g. The average moisture content, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon was 5%, 36%, 25% and 40% respectively. The results indicated the maximum shattering resistance and water absorption resistance as 83% and 76% for B50C50 and B50L50 respectively, whereas the maximum calorific value was 29 MJ/kg for B70S30. The biochar blocks with 40% binder ratio were found optimal as per optimization of treatments using RSM. The machine capacity was 48 blocks/h (24 kg/h) and the cost of production of biochar blocks for soil and dung was ₹6.30/kg whereas ₹10.30/kg for cement or lime. The break-even point of the biochar blocks making machine was 507 units of blocks.ThesisItem Open Access Design of improved animal drawn implements and hand tools based on ergonomics(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Negi, Bhawana; Singh, JayantHand tools and animal drawn implements are extensively used for different farm operations in Uttarakhand. If these agricultural tools/implements are not designed ergonomically, and this leads to increase in fatigue, health hazards and even accidents to agricultural workers. Proper matching of machine requirements with operator’s capabilities is necessary to achieve better performance, which is associated by the ergonomics. In this regard, the basic information is required is the anthropometric body dimensions of the agricultural workers who frequently use these tools and implements. An anthropometric survey of two hundred male agricultural workers with 36 body dimensions of hill region of Uttarakhand was carried out at the different villages of the Uttarakhand, India to generate the anthropometric database. The use of male anthropometric and strength data can help in the proper designing of new equipments and modifying the existing one. The collected data was analyzed for the mean, range (maximum and minimum), standard deviation, 5thpercentile, 50th percentile and 95th percentile values. It was found that the values of 5th and 95th percentile of hand grip strength (right) and hand grip strength (left) for hill farmers were less as compare to All India farmers. Animal drawn Implements like hill plough, danala and damala and hand tools like khurpi, fork, sickle and thamali-cum-chopper for hill region were analyzed and necessary dimensions were suggested regarding their handle height, handle diameter and handle lengthnto reduce drudgery and at the same time increase efficiency, safety and comfort of agricultural workers of hill region of Uttarakhand.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of hydraulic controlled tractor front mounted twin conveyor onion digger(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Achugatla Kesav Kumar; Arun KumarA machine tractor operated front mounted twin conveyor onion digger consists of main frame, digging unit, conveying unit, power transmission unit, front mounted frame and lifting and lowering unit. Different components such as blade, bevel gear, and single acting hydraulic cylinders, pulleys, propeller shaft and V-belt were selected as per the design requirement. The machine has five blades made of mild steel 320 150 12 mm size were bolted to the base plate instead of one single share to strengthen the share. A onion and soil were separated with conveying unit consists of 90 mm diameter and 500 mm length made of galvanized iron 4 rollers were 25 mm mild steel shaft was fitted with the help of bush bearings. 5 ply rubber belt was fixed on the roller and MS flats 20 3 mm were fixed spacing between two flats 25 mm based on equatorial and polar diameter of onion, over the rubber with the help of nut and bolt. During field operation the conveying unit was not touch the ground for providing depth wheel each rear side of the conveyor. A power transmission unit consists of a gear reduction unit, V-belt and pulley arrangement and 40 mm diameter of propeller shaft. A power transmission unit consists of a gear reduction unit, V-belt and pulley arrangement and 40 mm diameter of propeller shaft. The machine has lifting, lowering and depth has controlled with the help of two single acting hydraulic cylinders 50 mm outside diameter and 32 mm piston rod diameter. The Biometric and physical properties of onion bulbs (Agri found light Red) was found average equatorial and polar diameter, plant height, neck thickness, weight of onion dry leaves 36.19 and 37.19 mm, 284.05 mm, 6.808 mm and 30.198g respectively. The average soil cone index, moisture content and bulk density (before transplanting and harvesting) of soil observed to be 1 kg/cm2, 17.22,12.58 % and 1.50, 1.38 g/cm3 respectively. During field evaluation was found to be maximum percentage exposed bulbs and minimum damaged bulbs as 82.55% and 13.51% respectively, at forward speed of 1.5 kmph and conveyor speed 0.55 m/s. The theoretical field capacity of machine 0.24 ha/h, actual field capacity 0.21 ha/h and field efficiency 87.46%.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of a tractor operated carrot digger(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Raushan Kumar; Pateriya, R.N.India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world which accounts for about 13.3 per cent of the world vegetable production. Carrot is one of the most important vegetable crop grown in different part of our country. Harvesting of carrot is labour intensive and tedious operation which require 250-300 man-hours/ha and beside more time and energy consuming during harvesting of carrot. Hence, carrot digging needs to be mechanized for time, cost, energy and human drudgery reduction. Therefore the present study was carried out at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar for the design and development of a tractor operated carrot digger. The experiment was carried out at three level of forward speeds (2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 km/h) and three level of digging blades (Sweep, Nose and Shovel type). The digging efficiency, damage percentage, actual field capacity, field efficiency and draft requirement of machine were evaluated during experiment. The maximum digging efficiency (97.20 per cent) was observed at 2.5 km/h with sweep type digging blade and minimum digging efficiency (77.14 per cent) at 4.48 km/h with shovel type. The damage percentage was minimum (3.26 per cent) at 2.51 km/h with shovel type digging blade and maximum at 4.42 km/h with Nose type. The maximum draft (4.9 kN) was observed with sweep type at 4.5 km/h and minimum (17.2 per cent) at 2.7 km/h with shovel type digging blade at 2.5 km/h. The maximum actual field capacity (0.669 ha/h) and field efficiency (79.95 per cent) were obtained at 4.47 km/h and 2.5 km/h, respectively with sweep type digging blades. The cost of digging with developed machine was Rs. 1637.5 and saving in cost of operation with respect to manual digging was Rs. 8675 per hectare. The break-even point for the carrot digger was 66.40 h/year which was 26.56 percent of annual utility. The payback period of tractor operated carrot digger was 1.51 years.ThesisItem Open Access Design, development and performance evaluation of battery cum manually operated boom sprayer(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Singh, Sudhir Kumar; Arun KumarPlant protection is an essential operation in the basic practices of crop production. Data shows that diseases, insects and weed put together 30 to 45 % damage to the crops produced worldwide .Various plant protection measures are followed throughout India, among which chemical method is most widely used. Common plant protection equipment’s include Knapsack sprayers (manual and power operated), foot sprayer, power tiller operated, tractor mounted sprayer in India. Most of the Indian farmers have marginal and small land holding which makes it difficult to operate a tractor-drawn sprayer in those fields. Indian former generally uses backpack sprayer due to small and marginal land holding. Several problems due to use of conventional backpack sprayers are arise, heavyweight cause difficulty in lifting manually, fatigue produces to the operator due to carry heavyweight for a long time with backpack sprayer. Engine driven sprayer makes unwanted noise due to this users feel uncomfortable during operation time. For reducing the above problem, it was felt to develop low cost battery cum manually operated boom sprayer. It will be farmer friendly, cheaper than tractor operated sprayer and suitable for row crops. It was suitable for small land holdings farmers and had low cost of operation. The battery cum manually operated boom sprayer had an improved boom section with even flat fan nozzles mounted on the top of the boom to spray chemical from the top of the row. The performance of the developed sprayer was evaluated in laboratory condition to ensure that the objectives are fulfilled. The nozzles were tested in the laboratory to find its volumetric distribution, swath and spray angle at different pressure and height combinations. The independent parameters for patternator test were operating pressure (70, 84, 91 and 140 kPa) and nozzle heights (200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mm). The flat fan nozzle gave its best volumetric distribution at 91 kPa and 200 mm nozzle height. The swath and angle of spray of the nozzles were determined and it was found that with increase in pressure and height the swath was increased while the spray angle increased with pressure. The uniformity coefficient of the data for flat fan the nozzle was calculated. The flat fan nozzles produced most uniform droplets at 91kPa. The performance evaluation of developed sprayer was tested in the laboratory condition at four different speeds (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 km/h) and discharge rate was measured. The developed battery cum manually operated boom sprayer should be operated at 1.5 to 2 km/h speed and any selected levels of tank at full stroke length (i.e. 45 mm) manual mode of operation as well as battery mode of operation and at medium stroke length (i.e. 30 mm) sprayer should be operated at 1.5 to 2 km/h for half level of tank and at ¾ th level of tank for 2 km/h speed.