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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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20223
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Subject: Biotechnology × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Assessment of differential gene expression of various cytokines due to in vitro exposure of selected medicinal plant extracts in chicken splenocytes”
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-10) Shivani; Ambwani, Sonu
    Immune system is crucial for poultry health and productivity. The permutation in immunity may result in increase or decrease of immune response, known as Immunomodulation. Nowadays, use of ethnomedicinal plants and their products for modulation of immune response has become the preferred approach. The present study focused on the exploration of antioxidative, anti- inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the three plant extracts (PEs) viz., aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MOE), hydromethanolic leaf extract of Eclipta alba (EAE) and aqueous root extract of Bergenia ligulata (BLE). The maximum non-cytotoxic dose (MNCD) of the MOE, EAE, BLE and DEXA was determined through MTT assay and immunomodulatory effect of all the PEs and DEXA individually as well as in combination of the PEs and DEXA was evaluated through Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay (LPA). Moreover, in vitro differential gene expression at mRNA level was evaluated in chicken splenocytes by treating them with the MNCD of MOE, EAE, BLE, DEXA individually as well as in combinations of the PEs and DEXA via quantitative real time PCR (qRTPCR). A significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited by all the three PEs with highest potential in case of MOE followed by EAE and BLE, respectively. The MNCD of all the three PEs and DEXA showed 100% cell viability as determined through MTT assay. Moreover, PEs displayed a significant increase in B and T cells proliferation in LPS, PHA, Con A treated splenocytes. Over all the three PEs displayed significant immunopotentiating properties while DEXA showed immunosuppressive effect due to in vitro exposure in chicken lymphocytes. The differential gene expression analysis showed significant alteration in the expression levels due to in vitro exposure of MOE, EAE, BLE, DEXA and combination of PEs and DEXA. There was a significant increase in transcription factor NFAT1, NFAT2, AP-1c-Fos, AP-1 c-Jun and cytokines like IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-􀁊 that triggered immunostimulatory effect due to PEs exposure, whereas DEXA displayed immunosuppressive potential in chicken splenocytes. There was significant increase in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators (Nrf-2 and IL-10) while significant down regulation in pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α, iNOS2, COX-2 and NF-κB1) due to in vitro exposure of PEs and DEXA in chicken splenocytes. Combination treatment exhibited ameliorative effect of PEs against DEXA induced immunosuppression in LPA as well as in differential gene expression. Over all the results showed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory potential of all the three PEs in vitro whereas DEXA displayed the immunosuppressive and anti- inflammatory property. The PEs may further be explored through suitable in vitro and in vivo analyses to use these PEs as feed additive for improved poultry health and performance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of brassica plants transformed with calreticulin gene and it’s N, P, C domains on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and tolerance to alternaria blight disease
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-09) Darkal, Nishika; Pandey, Dinesh
    Calreticulin protein has recently been discovered as one of the plant genes which has role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance due to it’s antioxidative action. infected plants produce ros as a result of environmental stress, which are scavenged by anti-oxidative enzymes. through the activation of anti-oxidant genes and enzymes inside the cell, calreticulin aids in the quicker scavenging of ros. calreticulin which is primarily a chaperone protein present in the endoplasmic reticulum has three domains named as n, p, and c, each having a distinctive structural and functional role in this protein. however, the precise domain causing stress resistance has not yet been examined, and the real molecular mechanism by which these genes work has also not been well investigated. therefore, the current research was carried out to investigate the response of fully grown transformed brassica juncea var. varuna plants overexpressing calreticulin and it’s n, p and c domains on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and tolerance against alternaria blight disease. in order to achieve this target, the seeds from brassica juncea var. varuna plants previously transformed with n, p, c and crt3 genes were grown and transformed plants were selected after screening through pcr using primers specific for selectable marker (hygromycin b). after screening, 2 plant samples for both crt3 and c, and 1 for each n and p were obtained as hygromycin b positive transformants. for conducting the expression analysis studies in these plants, total rna was isolated followed by synthesis of cdna, and using the cdna as template mean fold expressions of respective genes was calculated through rt-pcr ct values. the mean fold expression of crt3 and it’s n, p and c domain’s genes in transformed plants were observed to be significantly higher (2-3 folds) as compared to control/untransformed plants (1 fold), which confirmed the domain/gene specific in-planta transformation of brassica plants. the transformed plants were then subjected to alternaria blight disease stress by spraying a. brassicae spore suspension over their leaves. the disease indices of brassica plants transformed with crt3 and c, p, n domains were found to be 38%, 44%, 55%, and 62% respectively at 21 dpi stage as comparison to untransformed/control plants (94%), which revealed their inhibitory effect on the development of the alternaria blight disease. for further molecular analysis the rna and subsequently cdna was prepared from 12 hpi, 24 hpi, 48 hpi and 7 dpi transformed plant samples. the rtpcr analysis of these cdnas showed a significant rise in mean fold expression levels of n, p, c and crt3 genes (2.02-3.14 folds) from 12-48 hpi periods of infection as compared to control plant that exhibited only slight or nonsignificant rise in mean fold expression levels at the same time intervals (1.01-1.41 folds). also domain/gene specific rtpcr results conferred that the n, p, c and whole-length calreticulin-3 gene have potential in imparting transformed plants the ability to combat alternaria blight disease. the rtpcr analysis study of sod and cat antioxidative enzymes further revealed that plants transformed with the n, p, c, and crt3 genes displayed significant antioxidant levels as compared to untransformed/control plants, which are also accompanied by the reduction in disease indexes of respective domains/gene specific transformed plants. as a result, it was interpreted that there is positive correlation between expression of calreticulin and it’s domains, and expression of antioxidant enzymes which may subsequently help to mitigate the alternaria blight disease of brassica. further the proteomic studies and the downstream signaling pathway involved in executing it’s defensive role could be identified and studied in such plants.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on green synthesis of silica nanoparticles and its effect on drought tolerance and growth in finger millet
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-09) Wahi, Diksha; Lohani, Pushpa
    Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that impairs the growth and productivity of finger millet, a crop of high nutritional value and socio-economic importance. Green synthesis of silica nanoparticles was carried out using leaf extract of Thuja orientalis plant and characterized using standard characterization techniques like FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD etc. Nanoparticles appeared irregular in shape, amorphous in nature and approximately 78 nm in size. A pot based experiment was conducted to study the effect of silica nanoparticles at three different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm) on drought tolerance and growth of PES-400, a drought sensitive variety of finger millet. Nanoparticles were applied on drought stressed finger millet via two modes (i) foliar spray and (ii) watering. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of finger millet were recorded at vegetative stage after four times treatment with silica nanoparticles at defined concentration and time. Morpho-physiological features like plant height, root length, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, relative water content, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content and biochemical components like free proline, ascorbate, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total phenolics and flavonoid content significantly improved with treatment of 50 ppm and 100 ppm of silica nanoparticles as compared to drought stressed plants. A decrease in malondialdehyde content was observed. Specific activity of ROS scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase also improved on application of silica nanoparticles. No significant improvement was observed on treatment with 200 ppm silica nanoparticles. Both modes of application (foliar spray and watering) were observed to have similar effects. Thus, it was concluded that silica nanoparticles had a role in mitigating drought stress and improving growth in PES – 400 and can be recommended for providing drought tolerance in crops at 50 to 100 ppm concentrations.