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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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20181
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Subject: Agricultural Meteorology × Author: Bhatt, Chetan Kumar ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Retrieval of crop biophysical parameters and monitoring of rice using SAR images
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Bhatt, Chetan Kumar; Nain, Ajeet Singh
    Udham Singh Nagar is one of major rice producing area of Uttarakhand state, and falls in Tarai region. Sentinel-1A satellite launched in 2014 as part of the European Union's Copernicus program provides Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. SAR images are independent of weather conditions and solar illumination and allow observations of different features of earth. The basic goal behind the present study was to apply new generation Sentinel-1A data with dual polarization (VH and VV) to rice cropping system mapping and monitoring with the short revisit period of Sentinel-1A satellite. SAR data were pre-processed by applying European Space Agency’s Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). The SAR images classified with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm provided in ENVI- 4.8 produced the accurate LULC map, which shows that rice area in Udham Singh Nagar covers 108,095 ha area. The overall classification accuracy of 92.88% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.9 were obtained. The relationship between Sentinel-1A backscattering coefficients (𝜎0) or their ratio and rice biophysical parameters were analyzed. The regression models were developed between biophysical parameters and (𝜎0𝑉𝑉/𝜎0𝑉𝐻). The value of coefficient of determination for LAI, fPar, crop height, biomass and water content were found 0.53, 0.47, 0.50, 0.63, 0.34 respectively which exhibit that these biophysical parameters are significantly, consistently and positively correlated with the VV and VH 𝜎0 ratio (𝜎0𝑉𝑉/𝜎0𝑉𝐻) throughout all growth stages. Two approaches (crop simulation model and SAR coupled model and statistical model) have been used to predict the field level rice yield and district level rice yield. The biases (RMSE) of coupled model and statistical model were recorded as 7.61% and 9.12%, respectively. The average district yield generated from these two models were 3190 and 3344 kg/ha respectively which is quite close to five years average district yield of 3160 kg/ha. However, estimates provided by coupled model are more accurate than statistical models. Therefore, coupled model could be a good option to predict the plot level and regional yield of rice. On the basis of results obtained it can be concluded that Sentinel-1A SAR data has great potential for mapping of rice, estimation of biophysical parameters and timely rice growth monitoring with the ability to forecast the yield of rice crop. The prediction of rice crop is an important step that could be used to assist farmers and policy makers by providing in-season estimates of the rice yield and production.The information could be used for better planning of the resources.