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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Subject: Agricultural Engineering × End date: 2006 × Start date: 2006 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Groundwater modelling in Ganga-Ramganga interbasin using fuzzy logic and ANFIS
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-06) Patil, Vikas Vitthal; Sharma, H.C.
    The realisation of the concept of natural resources and its conservancy is presently looked upon as one of the main interests of our civilisation. Water has a unique position among the natural resources and is one of the major components of our economic advancement. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted in the selected area of Ganga-Ramganga interbasin of Uttar Pradesh with specific objective to develop groundwater models using Fuzzy Logic Rule Based Algorithm, and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and to evaluate the models’ performance on the basis of performance indicators. Various components of groundwater recharge and discharge were estimated for preparation of input data set of the study area. The Fuzzy logic rule based algorithm technique was adopted to develop the groundwater model. Groundwater recharge, groundwater discharge and previous water table elevation above mean sea level were considered as input and the water table elevation as consequence variable for the model development. All input and output variables were separately divided into seven subsets. The Fuzzy rule base was formed based on the basis of historical data and intuition. The centroid defuzzification method was adopted to obtain crisp value. For developing such models the area was divided in to 43 polygonal nodes to account for large spatial variation in the region. Thus as many as 86 models were developed in order to predict pre- and post-monsoon water table elevations for 43 nodes. All the models performed well when evaluated using statistical and hydrological performance indicators. Keeping the potential of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique in view, it was applied for developing a single model separately for, pre- and post-monsoon conditions for all 43 nodes. The input and output variables were same as in Fuzzy logic rule based models. The water table elevation predicted by ANFIS model was compared with the observed values and performance of the model was tested using various performance criteria. The results revealed that both models performed well for the prediction of the water table elevation. When compared, the Fuzzy logic rule based models performed better than ANFIS models on the basis of performance indicators. However, the ANFIS technique had advantage of having single model for whole study area for each season.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethanol production from apple pomace in natural and inoculated fermentation
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Jain, Anshul; Singh, Anupama
    Apple pomace is the main by-product of apple juice processing industries and accounts for about 25% of original fruit mass. Its disposal in the environment results in production of foul smell and affects the aquatic life and ecosystem, which compels for its proper treatment. Apple pomace contains 9.5- 22.0% carbohydrates. Fermentable sugars in apple pomace such as glucose, fructose and sucrose can be converted to ethanol using yeast. Hence an effort was made to utilize apple pomace in production of ethanol. Experiments were designed using full factorial design method. Experiments were performed in two phases. In the first phase experiments for natural fermentation of apple pomace with variables as amylase treatment (treated and untreated), pH (2.5,4.0,5.0), and fermentation time (0,36,48,60,72,84h) were carried out and based on the results obtained from natural fermentation, experiments for second phase i.e. inoculated fermentation with variables as amylase treatment (treated), pH (4.0), yeast strains (Y2, Y5 and Y12) and fermentation time (0,36,48,60,72, 84 h) were carried out. Designed experiments were conducted to find the effect of these variables on sugar utilization, pH, cell count and ethanol production. Based on the data fermentation efficiency was calculated. The data from all experiments were analyzed and the response functions were developed using multiple regression analysis and second order models were fitted for each response. In natural fermentation of apple pomace, pH 4.0 and -Amylase treatment of apple pomace resulted in higher sugar utilization (8.13%), lower residual sugar (2.34%), maximum cell growth (169 X106 cfu ml-1) and higher ethanol production (3.956 %). In inoculated fermentation, of the three strains of yeast viz. Y2, Y5 and Y12, Y5 results in maximum sugar utilization (7.756%), maximum cell growth (289 X106 cfu ml-1) and higher production of ethanol (4.074 %) at 72 h of fermentation. Out of three strains of yeast, Y5 showed maximum fermentation efficiency of 74.55%. Analysis showed that initial pH and fermenting time both affected the process of ethanol production, in natural and inoculated fermentation but effect of initial pH was more significant in comparison to fermenting time. At pH 4.0, value of Specific Growth Rate () was 0.08 h-1 for -Amylase treated natural fermentation. This correlates with maximum ethanol production of 3.95%. In case of inoculation with yeast strain, Y5 has Specific Growth Rate of 0.07 h-1 and maximum value (4.07%)of ethanol produced. The linear effect of pH and fermenting time was significant in sugar utilization, change in pH and ethanol production. The effect of interaction between pH and fermenting time was significant in change in pH and non-significant in sugar utilization and ethanol production. Hence second order model could be fitted to predict sugar utilization, ethanol production and change in pH except cell count.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on water requirement, seasonal water use and yield of tea plantation under drip irrigation and mulching in Kumaon hills
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Ramdas, Borkar Ajinkya; Singh, P.K.
    Irrigation and drainage are the two most important parameters of water management in tea plantation. In flat topography, irrigation in tea plantation is generally provided through the sprinkler irrigation system. However, in hilly terrain (terraced land system), where, availability of water is the major problem even for life saving irrigation. In such condition, efficient method of irrigation such as drip irrigation method would be feasible for irrigation of tea plantation by tapping existing low discharge springs or naulas / waterways and harvesting of rainfall in tanks. Keeping above in view, the study was undertaken to determine the water requirement of tea plantation under drip irrigation using the reference evapotranspiration values obtained from FAO Penman-Monteith model. Field experiments were conducted to study the response of drip irrigation and fertilizer scheduling and effect of polyhouse and mulching on growth, yield, quality, water use pattern, water use efficiency of tea plantation in Tea garden at Kausani, Uttaranchal. The water requirement of young tea plantation under drip irrigation varied from 16.9 to118.4 lit/month/plant at Kausani. Prior to the occurrence of hailstorm, total green leaf yield in the treatments irrigated at 80 % and 60 % water use level were 57.5 and 48.6 % higher as compared to control. During the post hailstorm period total leaf yield was reduced to 40 % and 32 % over control in respective treatments. It was also observed that 80% level of water use shows more leaf yield under F1 (2:1:2) and F2 (2:1:3) fertilizer levels, while, 60 % level of water use shows more production under fertilizer level F3 (2:2:2) and F4 (3:2:4). Soil water extraction pattern provides information about the 50 cm of the root zone of tea plantation actively involved in soil water and nutrient uptake. The daily average soil water uses of young tea in month of March, April and May was 5 mm, 11.5 and 11.7 mm, respectively. The value of Kc observed in March, April and May is 0.73, 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. Total green leaf yield inside the polyhouse without mulch and polyhouse with plastic mulching was 97 % and 104 % more than open field condition. Due to plastic mulching yield increase was 18 % under polyhouse. While, in open field condition increase in yield were 27 % and 18 % due to plastic and organic mulching, respectively. The estimated cost of gravity head drip irrigation system was Rs.65847 per hectare for tea plantation under double hedge method. The total yield predicted by CUPPA-Tea model is strongly matched with observed yield of tea under unirrigated conditions of 2004 and 2005. However, in irrigated condition due to insignificant soil water deficit and more frequent rainfall during dry periods do not show significant yield difference.