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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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20181
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Subject: Agricultural Biotechnology × Author: Gaur, Manu × End date: 2019 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioinformatics analysis of camalexin biosynthetic pathway and studies on defense responses of MAP2K4/MAP2K9/MAPK3 mutants during pathogenesis of Alternaria blight in Arabidopsis thaliana
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Gaur, Manu; Pandey, Dinesh
    Alternaria blight is one of the most destructive fungal diseases which seriously hamper productivity of Brassica oilseeds in India. Alternaria brassicae is the main pathogen of the disease which produces chlorotic, necrotic toxins and phytohormones to cause the disease. These disease determinants have been known to affect various genes/ proteins of cell cycle and cell death pathways in susceptible Brassica plants to cause the disease and enable the pathogen to follow a semibiotrophic life style. It is being speculated that Alternaria brassicae pathogen affects highly conserved MAP kinase signal transduction pathway to cause the disease. In Arabidopsis , some of the MAP kinases including MPK3, MKK4, MKK9, are responsible for synthesis of ‘Camalexin’ which is one particular phytoalexin involved in mediating defense response against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen viz. ‘Botrytis cinerea’. In the present investigation, role of MPK3, MKK4 and MKK9 in triggering Camalexin based defense response of Brassica plant towards Alternaria brassicae was studied by using Arabidopsis mutants for these kinases and Bioinformatics analysis. Following the infection of Alternaria brassicae pathogen, disease index of mkk4, mkk9 and mpk3 mutant plants was observed to be more than that of wild type plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. These observations suggested increased susceptibility of mpk3, mkk4, mkk9 mutants of Arabidopsis for Alternaria blight due to decreased camalexin biosynthesis or differential expression of proteins. In order to study differential expression of proteins, the proteins were extracted from infected leaf samples of both wild type and mutant Arabidopsis plants and protein profiles were compared at initial, middle and late stage of infection by performing one dimensional SDS PAGE analysis. In wild and mutant plants of Arabidopsis, the protein extractability decreased as the disease progressed from early to middle stage due to degradation of host proteins and increased from middle to late stage due to synthesis of new proteins. SDS PAGE based analysis of proteins extracted from leaves of wild type and mutant Arabidopsis plants indicate differential expression of proteins in form of expression of unique prroteins and downregulation or upregulation of proteins during disease progression from early to late stage of pathogenesis in Arabidopsis mutants and wild type plants. MKK4/MKK9/MPK3 signalling module involved in biosynthesis of camalexin during defense response of B. rapa towards, Alternaria brassicae pathogen was elucidated with the help of Molecular modelling, docking, and protein-protein interaction analysis of MAP kinases retrieved from Brassica rapa genome. Network Biology based in silico approach was followed to identify linkages of MKK4, MKK9 and MPK3 with 51 known defense related genes through construction of PPI network. MPK3 was observed as major hub to which large numbers of defense regulated genes/proteins are connected. This suggests that MPK3 is largely responsible for activation of large number of defense related genes besides camalexin biosynthetic genes. These studies will open up new avenues for engineering defense pathway in Brassica for preventing losses caused by Alternaria blight disease.