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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IDENTIFICATION, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL ACARICIDAL MOLECULE(S) FROM PLANT EXTRACT AND STUDIES ON THEIR MODE OF ACTION
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2015-09-30) SREELEKHA K. P.; Sanis Juliet
    The present study was conducted to isolate active biomolecule(s) from Blumea mollis plant extract having potent acaricidal activity against R. (B.) annulatus and to study their mode of action. Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr., Asteraceae family is an annual aromatic herb indigenous to tropical South India. The plant materials were collected from identified phytogeographical zones. The ethanolic extract of different accessions of the plant was assayed for acaricidal activity using adult immersion test and larval packet test. Further, isolation and characterization of bioactive fractions / sub-fractions were performed using standard chromatographic and spectral techniques. The accession CAS 01 of B. mollis was selected as the best accessions with more than 80-100% efficacy against R.(B.) annulatus.The freeze dried crude extract of elite accession of CAS-01 was tested for safety using OECD guidelines. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of high content of terpenoids in the accession CAS 01. The hexane fraction was found to be active and HPTLC profiling showed marker concentration comparable to that of ethanolic extract of CAS 01. Phytochemical analysis of hexane fraction revealed the presence of high content terpenoids further confirmed by GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis of active sub-fractions revealed the presence of several components ranging from monoterpenes, diterpenes to sesquiterpenoids. Among the four molecules selected based on their chemical nature and area percent, ethyl palmitate, VP5 and marker compound VP1 elicited the acaricidal activity varying from 95 - 100 %. The histology and transmission electron microscopic analysis of active biomolecules exhibited marked changes comparable to that of synthetic acaricides deltamethrin and amitraz. The β octopamine receptor gene expression studies using whole tick and ovary showed significant down regulation comparable to amitraz in case of VP1 whereas ethyl palmitate and VP5 showed no significant change. Structural analogy results revealed similarity with compounds mediating action through GPCR receptors. The isolated molecules can be used as template for the development of promising acaricides.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF MALABARI BUCK SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS IN RELATION TO SEMEN FREEZABILITY AND FERTILITY
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCESMANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) AMBILI JOHN; Hiron M. Harshan
    The study was undertaken to characterize the protein profile of Malabari buck seminal plasma for identifying protein markers of freezability and fertility and to compare the in vivo fertility of Malabari buck semen with low and high semen freezability. Adult Malabari bucks with post thaw sperm progressive motility of more than 35 per cent were classified as having high semen freezability while those with less than 30 per cent were classified as having low semen freezability (four each) were utilized for the study. Tris - egg yolk based extender was used for cryopreservation of the ejaculates (n = 48; 24 each from bucks having high and low semen freezability). Significantly higher values were noted in the pre-freeze acrosome integrity and membrane cholesterol levels and post-thaw motility, viability, acrosome integrity, hypo osmotic sperm swelling response (HOS) and membrane cholesterol levels of high semen freezability bucks when compared with low semen freezability bucks. Whereas the seminal plasma ALP and LDH were found to be significantly lower in high semen freezability bucks compared with low semen freezability bucks at post thaw stage. The total protein content and average number of protein bands in seminal plasma of high and low semen freezability bucks did not differ significantly (75.82 ± 4.62 mg/ml vs 67.07 ± 6.07 mg/ml; 20.83 ± 0.53 vs 22.09 ± 0.49). The 24 kDa, 79 kDa, 84 kDa and 134 kDa proteins were found to have significantly higher occurence in seminal plasma of bucks with high semen freezability whereas the occurence of 15 kDa, 19.9 kDa, 21.5 kDa, 70kDa and 89 kDa proteins were found significantly higher in seminal plasma of bucks with low semen freezability. On analysis of 2D gels, an average of 67.67 ± 4.06 and 75.33 ± 4.28 spots (pI 3-10) were detected in semen of high and low semen freezability bucks, respectively and the difference was not significant. On western blot analysis, osteopontin, a protein fertility marker, was found to be present in seminal plasma of all the bucks studied. For fertility studies 134 does were inseminated with semen preserved by chilling and 91 with cryopreserved semen. The conception rate (CR) with cryopreserved semen was significantly higher in bucks with high semen freezability than with low semen freezability. In the semen preserved by chilling, no significant difference was noticed between low and high semen freezability animals in the spermatozoa progressive motility, viability, acrosome integrity, HOS response or seminal plasma ALP and LDH levels after dilution or after 24 h of storage at refrigeration. But when chilled semen was used, the CR was significantly higher for bucks with low semen freezability than for bucks with high semen freezability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DUCK FARMING SYSTEM TOWARDS ITS SUSTAINABILITY IN THE KUTTANAD REGION OF ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) NIJA GEORGE; P J Raj Kamal
    The present study titled ‘SWOT analysis of duck farming system towards its sustainability in Kuttanad region of Alappuzha district’ was undertaken among a sample duck farmers of Kuttanad region of Alappuzha district. The objectives were to study the profile of duck farmers, strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats of duck farming vis-à-vis solutions for sustainability. The profile of the duck farmers of Kuttanad revealed that a majority of them were of old age with more than 10 years of experience in duck farming. Most of them had school level education and were literates. It was seen that both men and women were involved in duck farming chores apart from engaging hired labourers. Regarding employment generation it was seen that various rearing systems in vogue viz. back yard, nursery and semi-intensive rearing, the duration of employment was 23, 82 and 77 days/ annum respectively. Nomadic system provided full time employment for farmers and labourers throughout the foraging season. Average annual income generated under the various systems of rearing viz. backyard, nursery, semi-intensive and nomadic systems were Rs; 5,036.55, Rs. 93,077.65, Rs.2,30,119.00 and Rs. 3,50,750 .00 respectively. The communication behaviour of the farmers was obviously low as revealed from their extension agency contact, mass media exposure and training exposure. Even as the knowledge of scientific duck farming was medium, the attitude towards the same was favourable. Regression analysis indicated that six per cent variation in attitude was explained by family income and extension agency contact. But, family income was negatively and significantly correlated with attitude even when mass media utilization was positively and significantly correlated. With respect to knowledge, flock size, land holding, hired labour utilization and extension agency contact were significant in explaining 22.1 per cent variation in the duck farmers’ knowledge of scientific duck farming. Moreover, knowledge was positively and significantly correlated with flock size, land holding, income from duck farming, family income, hired labour utilization, extension agency contact and mass media utilization. The SWOT analysis of duck farming system revealed that the most important strengths of duck farming system were social features, followed by product feature, production system features and the bird features in that order while the weaknesses were bird features, social features and production system features in that order. Among the various categories of external factors of duck farming system, market for current products and market possibilities were the important opportunities. Major threats were social features, policy features and input supply chain features. Strategies formulated from SWOT matrix to attain sustainability of duck farming system in Kuttanad were those focusing on maximizing strengths vis-a-vis exploiting the opportunities. So also maximizing the advantages of the opportunities to overcome the weaknesses. Delphi analysis brought out the constraints as well as their solutions in the process of arriving at strategies for ensuring sustainability of duck farming in Kuttanad. SWOT analysis and Consensus Delphi method were in fact employed to work in tandem and as research method triangulation towards arriving at the strategies for attaining sustainability in duck production. Health care management, general management, social, economic, marketing, policies and environmental constraints were found to be major areas of constraints. The solutions for these constraints gave an insight into the strategies to be adopted for attaining sustainability. These strategies were discussed from three important perspectives of sustainability analysis viz. practices to be stopped, practices that can continue and new practices to be taken up. The practices to be stopped were the practices of keeping unvaccinated birds, taking them out for foraging, introducing unvaccinated new birds into the flock indiscriminate use of antibiotics, farmer vaccinators, large scale conversion of paddy fields, extensive burning of the stubble, the excessive dependency on indigenous knowledge, over-dependency on hired labour, availing credit from private money lenders, unhygienic waste disposal and indiscriminate use of chemicals in agriculture. The practices that can continue were the training initiatives in duck farming, promotional programmes on organic farming and integrated farming, supplying vaccines and essential medicines through the local veterinary institutions, maintaining duck farmer registry and strengthening the government hatcheries. The new practices to be taken up were mandatory vaccination , strict surveillance and monitoring, awareness creating campaigns, forming a labour pool participating those persons willing to be labourers, including duck farming under MNREGA, entrepreneurship development programmes for youths, promotional programmes on nomadic duck farming, forming APCOS model co-operatives, setting up feed mixing units, quality control labs at regional level for testing feed, subsidized duck feed to farmers, implementing insurance schemes appropriate to different systems of duck rearing, initiatives for adequately subsidized loans with minimum interest and sufficient repayment period, organized market outlets, marketing of value added products, branding of native products, safe and scientific waste disposal practices, converting farm and slaughter waste into bio fertilizer, licensing of farms, slaughter houses and the connected selling outlets and establishing a full-fledged disaster management cell.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF A MEAT LINE OF KUTTANAD DUCKS (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) STELLA CYRIAC; Leo Joseph
    A selection experiment was conducted in Kuttanad ducks at University Poultry Farm, Mannuthy under Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University with the objective of developing a meat line. One thousand and eighty eight day-old Kuttanad ducklings procured from progressive farmers of Kerala formed the base generation (S0). Based on body weight at eighth week, top ranking 150 females and 25 males were selected through individual selection method. From the 25 sire families, 979, 969 and 1610 ducklings were produced by artificial insemination in S1, S2 and S3 generation in pedigreed hatches. Body weight, feed consumption and mortality were recorded at fortnightly intervals till 12th week of age in each generation. Genetic parameters for body weight at 8, 10 and 12 weeks were estimated using full sib correlation method. Selection differential, intensity of selection and response to selection were calculated for body weight at 8 weeks. Carcass characteristics were evaluated at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in four generations. The body weight at 18 and 40 weeks, feed consumption from 13 to 40 weeks, age at first egg and age at 10 and 50 per cent production, duck housed egg production and egg weight at 30 and 40 weeks were recorded in the selected parent stock of S0, S1 and S2 generations. The mean body weight at 8 weeks was 1103.38 g in the S0 generation. An improvement of 270.51 g could be recorded at 8 weeks in S3 generation. The period of active weight gain was shifted to 4th and 6th week in S3 generation whereas it was 8th week in the previous generations. The total per cent of observations above 1200 g weight increased over generations and the increase is more pronounced at 8 weeks of age. The results also indicate that a compensatory growth mechanism is present in ducks wherein the lower body weight in the early stages of growth are compensated in the subsequent weeks and they attain 90 per cent of the adult body weight by 12 weeks of age. The heritability estimates for body weight at 8 weeks of age based on sire plus dam components (h2 s+d) were 0.251, 0.313 and 0.243 in S1, S2 and S3 generations. The realised heritability was 0.60. High values were observed for phenotypic correlation between body weight at 8 and 10, 8 and 12 and 10 and 12 weeks of age. The genetic correlations were higher than the environmental correlations except in the sire component in S1 generation. The regression coefficients indicate that higher increase in body weight per generation was obtained for body weight at 8 weeks (94 g) rather than for body weight at 10 (56 g) and 12 weeks (55 g). S3 generation showed the lowest cumulative feed conversion ratio of 2.39 up to 8 weeks. The carcass characteristics of male and female Kuttanad ducks at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age showed that there was improvement in the eviscerated yield of carcass over generations and S3 generation attained the highest yield at 8 weeks. The performance of parent stock indicated that selection had not altered their egg production performance. Artificial Insemination at 5 days interval could achieve 89 per cent fertility in the parent stock. The results of the selection experiment indicate that selection for body weight at 8 weeks was effective in improving the body weight and a line of Kuttanad ducks with meat characteristics could be developed. The higher body weight, body weight gain and the distribution of birds in the higher weight groups reveal that the S3 generation of Kuttanad ducks possess the characteristics of a meat line. The trend observed in body weight gain, frequency distribution, response to selection and correlated responses as well as the high heritability and phenotypic correlation for body weight at 8 weeks establish that the criterion for selection (8th week body weight) employed in the present study was appropriate. The carcass characteristics especially the eviscerated yield and yield of cut-up parts over generations indicate that the meat producing potential of Kuttanad ducks has improved as a result of selection. It could be concluded that Kuttanad ducks could attain its optimum meat production characteristics at 8 weeks and hence it could be considered as the ideal age for processing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AUGMENTING REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN POST PARTURIENT DOES WITH INTRAVAGINAL PROGESTERONE SPONGES, PROSTAGLANDIN F2α AND GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) UPASANA RATNAKARAN; K.N. Aravinda Ghosh
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARISON OF INNATE IMMUNITY RELATED GENES IN VECHUR AND CROSSBRED CATTLE AND THEIR EXPRESSION PROFILE IN CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) LAKSHMI R.; K.K. Jayavardhanan
    Bovine mastitis is considered as the most economically imposing diseases of dairy cattle. Vechur cattle an indigenous breed of Kerala are generally not susceptible to mastitis. Investigation of innate immune mechanism of this breed might provide an insight into the mechanisms involved in the disease resistance. In light of this premise, the present study was carried out to investigate the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in crossbred and Vechur cattle using RT-qPCR, to better understand the immune resistance mechanisms against mastitis and also characterized the promoter and mRNA sequence of TLR genes in Vechur cattle. RT-qPCR analysis showed a significant up fold increase in the TLR2 gene expression in mastitis caused by S. aureus, whereas expression level of TLR4 mRNA was relatively higher in E. coli caused samples. In both S. aureus and E. coli caused mastitis milk samples, relative expression of all three TLRs was found to be significantly high (P ≤ 0.01) in sub-clinical mastitis than the clinical mastitis. So, during early stage of mammary infection these TLRs are expressed at high level to subside the sub-clinical mastitis without precipitating into clinical mastitis. After the challenging the PBMCs with TLR agonist in vitro, relative expression of mRNA of all three TLR genes was higher in Vechur cattle than the crossbred cattle. Furthermore, the expression of TLR2 mRNA was relatively higher in Vechur breed as compared with other TLRs. These findings suggest that one of the reasons for the development of resistance to mastitis in Vechur cattle is associated with the level of expression of TLRs in response to infection. The sequence of promoter region of TLR2 of Vechur cattle with the Bos taurus sequence showed 98 per cent similarity whereas TLR4 and TLR9 revealed 99 per cent similarity. TLR2 and TLR9 revealed variations for three sequence motifs. Significant variants observed for TATA and CAT boxes and multiple putative binding sites in the promoter region of TLR2 and TLR9 genes in Vechur cattle breed, may potentially link the influence the innate immunity response against mastitis diseases. All three TLR mRNA sequences showed 99 per cent homology with Bos taurus sequence and exposed variations for 17 nucleotide in TLR2, 7 nucleotide in TLR4 and 5 nucleotide in TLR9 mRNA. The ectodomain of Vechur cattle displayed 10 LRRs for TLR2, 13 LRRs for TLR4 and 18 LRRs for TLR9. The variation in the extracellular domain of LRRs, which may promote the recognition of pathogen ligand specificity. The primary structure of protein showed highest per cent of leucine amino acid for all three TLRs and alpha helix is the prominent secondary structure seen in all TLRs followed by beta turn and random coil. Phylogenetic tree for TLR genes showed all Bovidae family falling under the same group, indicated conserved nature of TLR genes. The presence of unique structural features and substantial variation for TLR genes in Vechur cattle, may change the confirmation of TLR proteins, which may influence the binding affinity and interaction with pathogen to boost the innate host disease resistance in Vechur cattle.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF ELISA BASED DIAGNOSTICS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF COPROANTIGENS IN BOVINE AMPHISTOMOSIS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) H. SHAMEEM; K.DEVADA
    Bovine amphistomosis is a relatively neglected snail borne trematode disease causing great economic loss to dairy farmers. Conventional ova detection often underestimates the true prevalence of the disease as many of the amphistomes are seasonally egg producing and the pathogenicity of the disease is due to immature flukes which do not lay eggs. The present study identified ten species of amphistomes viz. Fischoederius cobboldi, Gastrothylax crumenifer, F. elongatus, Carmyerius spatiosus, Paramphistomum epiclitum, P. cervi, Ceylonocotyle scoliocoelium, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, C. indicum and Explanatum explanatum from rumen collected from Municipal Corporation slaughter house, Thrissur. Fischoederius cobboldi was found to be the most predominant species. Protein profile of whole worm antigen of five species of amphistomes namely Fischoederius cobboldi, Gastrothylax crumenifer, F. elongatus, Carmyerius spatiosus, and Paramphistomum spp. and excretory-secretory antigens were analysed in one dimensional SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting with amphistome positive bovine sera. A 34 kDa polypeptide common to both whole worm antigen and excretory-secretory antigen was identified as immunogenic and useful for further diagnostic studies. Somatic antigens of G. crumenifer was partially purified by column chromatography and subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Cross reactivity of excretory-secretory antigen was ruled out by immunoblotting with schistosome and strongyle positive bovine sera. Excretory-secretory antigen was used to raise hyperimmune serum in guinea pigs and rabbits for use as detection antibodies. A coproantigen sandwich ELISA protocol was standardised using guinea pig and rabbit hyperimmune serum which could detect minimum 3 ng/µl of excretory-secretory antigen in dung. Out of 515 faecal samples collected from six agro-ecological zones of central Kerala, 362 (70%) were found to be positive by sandwich ELISA as against 165 (32%) by ova detection. Dot ELISA was also standardised as a rapid test for coproantigen detection in amphistomosis. Sensitivity and specificity of two tests were determined. Sandwich ELISA possessed a sensitivity of 90 per cent, specificity of 100 per cent while dot ELISA had a sensitivity of 76 per cent and specificity of 100 per cent. Statistical tests also depicted the reliability and high discriminating power of sandwich ELISA in early detection of amphistomosis.Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the prevalence of amphistomes between the six agro-ecological zones of central Kerala but recorded highest infection in Palakkad plains (86%) followed by Central Midlands (80%). Molecular characterisation of four prevalent amphistomes namely F. cobboldi, G. crumenifer, F. elongatus, and Paramphistomum spp. was done by PCR targeting ITS-2+ rDNA sequences which yielded amplicons of 494 bp, 503 bp, 514 bp and 494 bp respectively. Nucelotide sequence analysis revealed eight base pair differences between pouched and unpouched species and also two base pair difference between G. crumenifer and Fischoederius spp. suggesting the utility of ITS-2+ region to be used as a species marker. In silico RE map analysis of four amphistomes identified unique recognition sites which could differentiate G. crumenifer from other three amphistomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of Kerala isolates with Chennai, Shillong and Bareilly isolates.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ADAPTABILITY PROFILE OF MALE CATTLE AND BUFFALO CALVES TO VARYING TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY INDEX (THI) IN KERALA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) AZIZ ZARINA; G. Girish Varma
    The present study was conducted to assess the adaptation capacity of castrated buffalo and crossbred male calves to the varying temperature humidity prevalent in central midlands of Kerala using physiological, haematological, growth, endocrine and genetic parameters. Ambient temperature, humidity, rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were recorded daily. Relative growth rate and plasma volume were recorded at fortnightly interval. Haematological parameters and endocrine parameters were determined at biweekly interval. The temperature humidity index recorded throughout the year varied from 76.5 to 82.0. Rectal temperature remained invariable throughout the experimental period but respiratory rate and pulse rate exhibited a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with temperature humidity index. A negative correlation was observed between temperature humidity index and relative growth rate, total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, volume of packed red blood cells and thyroid hormones of the experimental animals at P<0.01 level. While a positive correlation was observed between plasma volume and temperature humidity index in all the experimental animals. Cortisol levels remained consistent throughout the study period in buffalo and crossbred cattle calves. The rate of increase of plasma volume, respiratory rate and pulse rate were higher in buffalo calves compared to crossbred cattle calves. HSP90 expression showed significant (P<0.05) up regulation at a THI of 82.0 in all the experimental animals, however buffaloes showed a higher fold expression of HSP90 compared to that of crossbred cattle calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF SELECTED HERBAL EXTRACT FOR MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED METABOLIC DISORDERS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2015-12-30) J. JOSHUA ALLAN; Usha P.T.A.
    The global prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities, especially dyslipidemia are at present escalating alarmingly, which necessitates urgent implementation of earnest preventive and therapeutic measures. Identifying the medications that target obesity, dyslipidemia and the underlying oxidative stress with less or negligible side effects, hence seem to be an excellent strategy. The present study was undertaken to identify a safe herbal substance possessing anti-obese and anti-dyslipidemic potentials along with targeting the underlying oxidative stress. The plants were shortlisted based on history of food use, usage in daily life, mentioned in texts of Ayurveda for medicinal use, not classified as endangered species and present in normally traded as commodities list. Accordingly, six plant extracts were initially screened for acute oral toxicity and hypotriglyceridemic effect in oral lipid load test. The screening tests indicated aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome as the safe and potent extract, which was further fractionated to improve the solubility. The fraction showing highest solubility i.e., water soluble fraction of Zingiber officinale extract (WFZE) was further subjected to acute oral toxicity and oral lipid load tests to ensure the safety and efficacy. The WFZE was found to be safe upto 5000 mg/kg body weight in acute oral toxicity study in rat and its triglyceride lowering activity was found to be better than the parent extract. Consequently, WFZE was evaluated for anti-obese and anti-dyslipidemic potentials. The anti-obesity effect of WFZE was established in high fat diet induced obese male rats by the significant reduction in body weight gain, adiposity and triglyceride levels along with the amelioration of metabolic perturbations such as hyperleptinemia, increase in the FFA, glucose and insulin. Moreover, the total hepatic lipids, serum AST and ALT were reduced while atherogenic index and insulin resistance indices such as HOMA and QUIKI were controlled and the severity of histopathological lesions in liver, pancreas and adipose tissue were reduced after treatment with WFZE. In addition, WFZE treatment significantly reduced the oxidative stress induced by high fat feeding as evident from the significant decrease in hepatic MDA and increase in SOD, catalase and glutathione reductase levels, indicating the anti-oxidant potential of WFZE. The anti-dyslipidemic activity of WFZE was further demonstrated in Triton WR-1339 induced and cholesterol cholic acid induced dyslipidemic models. A significant reduction in serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels following the administration of Triton WR-1339 and chronic feeding of cholesterol and cholic acid in rats established the anti-dyslipidemic activity of WFZE. To elucidate the mechanism of action, WFZE was investigated for its activity against pancreatic lipase, which indicated promising pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity in vitro. The findings of the present study suggest that WFZE is a safe, effective therapeutic agent for the management of obesity and dyslipidemia acting via the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and anti-oxidant mechanisms.