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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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1981 - 19882
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End date: 1989 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE IN LAYER CHICKEN
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 145) SUKUMAR, D.; Jalaludeen, A.; SUKUMAR, D.
    The effect of three levels of phytase enzyme viz., 200, 100 and 400 units per kg in the low available phosphorus layer ration on phosphorus utilization and performance in egg type cliicken was evaluated using one hundred and fifty White Leghorn strain cross pullets (ATHULYA) of 21 weeks of age for a period of 20 weeks. The birds were divided into five dietary treatment groups viz., standard layer ration (Ti), low available phosphorus layer ration (T2), low available phosphorus layer ration with 200, 300 and 400 units of phytase per kg feed (T3, T4 and T5), respectively. Standard layer ration was formulated as per BIS specification for layer chicken. Initially, the ration with 0.8 per cent available phosphorus was formulated. By the addition of appropriate levels of dicalcium phosphate to this ration, diets with 0.5 per cent available phosphorus was formulated. A numerical improvement in per cent hen-day egg production was noticed among enzyme supplemented groups. However, the increase was not statistically significant. Daily feed intake per bird was significantly higher among birds fed with different levels of enzyme in low available phosphorus layer ration. Phytase supplementation did not have significant influence upon feed per dozen eggs. Body weight gain was not influenced by enzyme supplementation. Significantly higher egg weight was obtained for the groups fed low available phosphorus diets supplemented with varying levels of phytase. Phytase addition to low available phosphorus diets significantly improved egg specific gravity. Supplementation of phytase resulted in significant increase in egg shell weight. Mean shell thickness was significantly more among enzyme supplemented groups. Serum calcium levels of the enzyme supplemented groups registered significantly (p < 0.01) higher values whereas only numerical improvement could be noticed in serum inorganic phosphorus levels. Per cent tibial ash and phosphorus content were not influenced by phytase supplementation. Enzyme supplementation resulted in a numerical improvement in the bio-availability of calcium. Bio-availability of phosphorus was significantly more among enzyme supplemented groups as well as standard layer mash fed birds. Phosphorus excretion in the droppings (g/kg DM intake) was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in the enzyme supplemented groups. The per cent survivability of laying hens was not affected by phytase inclusion. Cost of the feed per kg was lower in all the enzyme supplemented groups than the standard layer ration of this study. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that by the inclusion of 200 units per kg of phytase enzyme in layer diet, the available phosphorus level in the feed can be reduced to 0.3 per cent without affecting the over all performance. This also facilitates to reduce phosphorus excretion which is an eco-friendly factor in commercial layer operations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIAL AGENTS IN LIVESTOCK IN KERALA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Trichur, 1988) FRANCIS, REJI; James, P.C.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF RUMINANT STOMACH OF GOAT
    (1981-07-31) JOSE JOHN, CHUNGATH; Radhakrishnan, K
    Gross and microscopic anatomy of the stomach of twenty adult goats, including blood supply and nerve sup ply have been investigated. Linear, weight and capacity measurements were recorded in relation to body length and weight. The disposition of inner mucosa of various stomach compartments was also studied. The caudo-ventral blind sac of rximen of goat, unlike that of other ruminants, extended more caudally than the dorsal one. Dorsal coronary grooves were absent. The right ventral coronary groove was distinct and reached the ventral border of rumen. The omasum was the smallest and oval in shape. The a}x>masum was comparatively larger in goats. The conpoiand stomach in adult goat weighed 3,45 per cent of intact body weight. The volume of different stomach con^artments as percentage of total stomach were 73, 7, 2 and 18 for rumen, reticulxam, omasiim and abomasum respectively. The wet tissue weights of different compart ments as percentage of total stomach were about 66, 9, 8 and 17 for rumen, reticuliim, omasum and abomasum respectively.Basically, the mlcrosTOpic structure of goat stomach resembled closely that of other uruminaats. The forestomach had the non-glandular cutaneous mucous membrane, a connective tissue sxib mucosa, a two layered muscvilar tunic and a serosa. The omasum and abomasum presented the muscularis raucosae. The abomasum had glandular epithelium with the cardiac, fiindic and pyloric regions. The different con^jartments of stomach of goats was innervated by the dorsal and ventral branches of the vagus. The arterial supply was by the branches of coelic artery.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF POST-PARTUM UTERINE INVOLUTION AND RESUMPTION OF OVARIAN CYCLICITY IN VECHUR COWS
    (Kerala Veterinary and animal science university, Pookode, 11-12-17) Meenuja, M S; Abdul Azeez, C.P
    The study was conducted in eight post-partum Vechur cows having normal calving history and puerperium with the objectives of gynaecological and ultrasonographic studies to evaluate the post-partum uterine and ovarian changes in and to estimate progesterone profile to assess the post-partum resumption of ovarian activity. The characteristics of lochial discharge such as colour, volume, consistency and odour were assessed. Per-rectal examination, ultrasonographic examination and blood collection of the cows were performed on weekly interval starting from the day seven to day 91 post-partum to assess the cervical and uterine involution and ovarian activity. On per-rectal examination, cervix was observed to be involuted between 35 to 42 day post-partum. Previously gravid and non-gravid uterine horns were observed to be involuted between 28 to 35 days and 21 to 28 days post-partum, respectively. On ultrasonographic examination, the echogenicity of the cervix and uterus was observed to be increased as the involution proceeded and both uterine horns involuted between 35 to 42 days post-partum. Per-rectal examination of the ovaries revealed the presence of palpable corpus-luteum and follicles on mean 21 ± 8.50 and 30.63 ± 5.11 days post-partum, respectively. Resumption of ovarian activity was found to be achieved on mean 13.13 ± 0.88 days post-partum as evidenced by serum progesterone level above 1 ng/ml. The estimated serum Ca, P levels and Ca: P ratios were not having any significant difference between the days of observation. Onset of post-partum behavioural oestrus signs were observed by mean 49.71 ± 7.76 days with a graded oestrus intensity of intense, intermediate and weak in 57.15, 29.57, and 14.28 per cent of cows, respectively.