Thumbnail Image

Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

Browse

20221
Reset filters
Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: AKHILA T.R. × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PARA-OSSEOUS CLAMP ASSISTED CERCLAGE WIRING FOR MANAGEMENT OF LONG BONE FRACTURES IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE, WAYANAD, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-07-29) AKHILA T.R.; Jinesh Kumar N. S.
    The study was conducted in six animals to evaluate the efficacy of Para￾osseous clamp assisted cerclage stabilisation (PCCS) for management of long bone fractures in dogs. All the selected dogs were subjected to clinical, physiological neurological, orthopaedic, radiological and haematobiochemical examination pre-operatively and postoperatively on second, fourth, eighth and twelfth week. Bones affected in the selected cases were radius and ulna (3), tibia (2), and femur (1). Out of six cases selected, the number of forelimb and hind limb affected with fracture were equal (50.00 per cent). The breeds of dogs under the study were Spitz (3), Non-descript (2), and Labrador Retriever (1). The number of females and males affected were equal. The body weight of the animals ranged from four to 16 kilogram. The age of the animals varied from three months to one year. The symptoms were swelling, pain on manipulation, non-weight bearing, abnormal angulation, lameness and crepitation at the fracture site. Preoperative radiographic examination of the affected limb revealed diaphyseal fractures in all dogs. Surgical management using PCCS was resorted to. PCCS was employed in all six dogs with the use of stainless steel K-wire of 1.5mm and 1.8mm diameter with standard length of 15cm. 20 G stainless steel orthopaedic wires with and without loops were used for anchorage of K-wire clamps to the bone shaft. This resulted in good fracture fixation and immobilisation. Immediate postoperative radiographic evaluation confirmed apposition and alignment of the fracture fragments and proper placement of k wires and cerclages in all the six dogs. The length, size and position of k-wires were appropriate in all the cases. Follow-up radiographs taken on second, fourth, eighth and twelfth postoperative weeks revealed good implant stability and fracture fixation except in one dog which had implant failure due to bending and breaking of K-wire. Implant failure was noticed with femur diaphyseal fracture probably due to the inadequate stiffness of the assembly. A revision surgery was performed to improve the functional usage of the limb. All the dogs on the day of presentation showed non weight bearing lameness of Grade 3. Postoperatively, all the dogs except one dog progressed to grade lameness by the end of twelfth postoperative week. The haemoglobin level, volume of packed red cells, differential leukocyte count, total erythrocyte and total leukocyte count were all within the normal range and there was no statistically significant difference in the values throughout the period of observation. Serum calcium and phosphorus values were within limits and had no significant change during the period of observation. All the fracture cases had a normal ALP value on the day of surgery and gradually increased above the normal range from second week of observations to twelfth week of observation. The ALP value showed a significant increase during the fracture healing period. Serum acid phosphatase value showed hike from fourth week of observation up to observation of twelfth week. Serum ACP values had significant increase throughout the study but values were within normal limits. Radiographic examination revealed visible periosteal callus from second week of tibial fracture healing but similar callus was visible only after fourth week in radius ulna. Remodelling was visible on 12th week in one dog and 20th week in other dog with tibial fractures. Out of the three dogs which had undergone PCCS stabilisation for radius ulna fracture, two had sound gait on latest video report but the follow up radiographs were not available to check the activity at fracture site. Based on the present clinical study, it was concluded that PCCS was successfully employed for tibial diaphyseal fractures in animals with bodyweight less than 16 kg