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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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20171
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND LAPAROSCOPY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL DISORDERS IN DOGS
    (Kerala Veterinary and animal science university, Pookode, 2017-09-14) Pramod, U; Syam K, Venugopal
    Intra-abdominal disorders in dogs are always presented as a diagnostic paradox. The non-specific clinical signs, physiological parameters, physical examinations, haematological and serum biochemistry profile will all provide subtle indications towards the affected organ or system. The present study was undertaken to study the characteristics of radiography, ultrasonography and laparoscopy in diagnosis of these complicated conditions. The initial clinical studies and examinations revealed non-specific signs in most of the cases studied. In mechanical obstructions of gastro-intestinal tract and parenchymal lesions of organs, radiography and ultrasongraphy were providing more accurate information. In those cases laparoscopy could arrive at a diagnosis by observing the gross pathological changes. However, the provision for taking selected and multiple biopsies enabled the technique to give a precision diagnosis, superior to the findings of other non-invasive techniques in case of parenchymal lesions of liver. In case of space occupying neoplastic conditions, although radiography and ultrasonography could identify the lesions, the extent of lesion and the prognosis was better evaluated by laparoscopy. The biopsy taken under laparoscopic guidance gave an accurate diagnosis of the type of tumor in both the cases. In case of a generalised organomegaly, all the techniques could give a positive diagnosis. The ability to predict the prognosis was another quality of laparoscopy seen in the present study. In two cases this helped to take a decision to euthanize the patient thereby avoiding further suffering to the animal. Out of thirteen cases studied, radiography could give confirmatory diagnosis in five and ultrasonography in six conditions as per 75 per cent or more independent observers. However, the number for laparoscopy was far superior, and it could diagnose ten cases positively. The failure rate of laparoscopy was also very low, and there was not a single case where laparoscopy could not provide diagnostically significant information. The radiographic and ultrasongraphic observations showed that, both these techniques could be used as an initial diagnostic tool in any diagnostic protocol. There was a lesser perception of clinicians to use diagnostic laparoscopy as a routine diagnostic method. The technique was having a long learning curve. The minimally invasive nature and time taken for completion of test could all add on to the negative feedback of the technique. Whereas the expertise required for performing ultrasonography was also equally challenging and it was difficult for another observer to read a previously recorded sonograph. It was observed that for intra-luminal lesions laparoscopy was less efficient compared to other techniques. In extra-luminal and space occupying intra-peritoneal lesions laparoscopy was more effective. Laparoscopy could be routinely used in all the cases which should be subjected for an exploratory laparotomy. The study of three diagnostic methods on various intra-abdominal conditions encountered in the current study had given the impression that in most of the cases the findings of these techniques were complementary to eac