Thumbnail Image

Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

Browse

1997 - 199932000 - 20032
Reset filters
Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CANINE HEPATIC DISORDERS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2003) RENJITH. R.; P. C. Alex
    Study on 'Ultrasonographic evaluation of canine hepatic disorders was conducted on forty eight dogs to evaluate the utility of ultrasonography as a tool for early and better diagnosis of liver diseases and classify liver diseases based on ultrasonographic findings. Parameters studied were history and clinical signs, physical examination, ultrasonography of liver, ultrasound guided biopsy, haematology and serum biochemistry, post-mortem examination and histopathology. Specific clinical signs noticed were ascites and icterus. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension, yellowish discolouration of skin and hepatomegaly. Primary liver disorders identified by ultrasound scans were haematoma, lymphosarcoma, hepatitis due to leptospirosis, cirrhosis, llbrosis, fatty infiltration, chronic active hepatitis, portal hypertension and portosystemic shunt. Secondary changes noticed in liver were due to pyometra, proctitis and cholecystitis, hepatic calcification in chronic renal failure and passive venous congestion in right sided heart failure. Ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed lymphosarcoma, fattyinfiltration and chronic active hepatitis. Histological changes in leptospirosis were chronic venous and sinusoidal congestion whereas in cirrhosis, fibrosis and pseudolobulation were the prominent histological change. Alkaline phosphatase and Alanine aminotransferase levels were above normal values in all the cases studied. From the present study it was inferred that ultrasonography was a valuable tool for diagnosing hepatopathies along with clinico-pathological and ultrasound guided biopsy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ABNORMALITIES IN CARDIAC DISORDERS OF DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2001) RAVINDRAN. P.; S. Ajithkumar
    In the present study, standard electrocardiogram patterns were worked out from sixty normal dogs. These dogs were grouped according to age groups like dogs below one year and above one year and different breeds like German Shepherd, Dobermann pmscher. Dachshund, Spitz and Mongrel. Based on the clinical signs and electrocardiogram abnormalities, thirteen dogs were grouped into (1) dogs with congestive heart failure, (2) dogs withventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia and (3) dogs with electolyte imbalance due to renal disease. Congestive heart failure was found to be more m geriatric small breeds like Dachshund and Spitz. Theclinical signs observed in dogs with CHF were anorexia, cough, exertional dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, orthopnoea, crackles, murmurs, syncope, cachexia and ascites. Clinical signs exhibited by the dogs with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia were anorexia, pale visible mucous membranes, weakness and respiratory distress. Dogs with electrolyte imbalance due to renal disease exhibited anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, malena, polydipsia, oliguria and anuria.The electrocardiographic signs exhibited by dogs with congestive heart failure were consistent with left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement, ventricular tachycardia and right bundle branch block. Dogs m group II had right and left ventricular enlargement as major electrocardiogram abnormality. Dogs in group III with renal disease exhibited tall and peaked T wave and prolonged 'Q-T- interval m electrocardiogram specifically on the chest leads. The prominent radiographic signs observed in dogs with CHF in the present study were left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement and tracheal elevation. Dogs in group II showed left ventricular enlargement, pericardial effusion and tracheal elevation. Group III animals had noradiographic signs of cardiac enlargement. Ultrasonographic evidence of cardiac involvement were present m three dogs, two with CHF and one with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia. The findings of postmortem examination of the heart m one dog with CHF were suggestive of mitral valvular insufficiency. Haematology showed no variations m dogs with CHF. Group II and III animals exhibited anaemia evidenced by haematological changes like low TEC, Hb and PCV. Group III animals had neutrophilia with lymphopenia. Group III also had microcytic anaemia.Serum values of CK and ALT were normal in all the three groups. Dogs with CHF showed elevated sodium level while group III with renal disease showed elevated potassium level. Group 11 animals had hypoprotemaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Group HI animals revealed severe hypoalbuminaemia, low albumin: globulin ratio and elevated serum creatinine
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECG AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN INDUCED RUMEN ACIDOSIS IN GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1998) SHIHABUDHEEN, P. K.; Usha Narayana Pillai; SHIHABUDHEEN, P. K.
    An experiment was carried out with twelve adult goats of either sex to study the clinical manifestations of ruminal acidosis, changes in the rumen liquor, haematology, serum biochemistry, changes in the urine, electrocardiogram variations and postmortem lesions. The goats were maintained under identical management and feeding conditions at University Goat Farm, Mannuthy and were selected at random. One group of six animals served as healthy controls and the other group was subjected to rumen fistulation by standard -surgical procedures. Acidosis was induced by intraruminal administration of crushed rice at the rate of 80 g/kg. Clinical signs were recorded, samples of rumen liquor, blood and urine were collected and electrocardiogram was recorded at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of experiment. Clinical signs noticed were anorexia, increased pulse and respiratory rate, depression, cessation of ruminal contractions, oliguria, diarrhoea, sunken eyes, thick nasal discharge and grinding of teeth. Rumen liquor was creamy coloured, watery with sour odour and the pH was 4.16 ± 0.05 and without any protozoa. There was no sedimentation activity and HBRT was prolonged. TVFA initially increased and then reduced. There was nonsignificant increase in haemoglobin, haemotocrit and cell:fluid ratio with significant increase in ESR, leukocytosis with significant neutrophilia and lymphopenia were also present. A significant increase in the serum glucose, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium lactate, pyruvate and lactaterpyruvate ratio were observed after induction. Significant reduction in calcium level also noted. Urine pH reduced and there was protein, RBC cast, leukocytes, renal epithelial cells and tripple phosphate crystals in the urine. ECG showed increase in heart rate, reduction in P' amplitude, P duration, QT interval and PR interval. T amplitude increased nonsignificantly with a significant increase in duration. Sinus tachycardia, ST elevation and ST depression were also observed. Post mortem lesions included sloughing of rumen mucosa, abomasal ulcers, severe enteritis, focal necrosis of liver, cholestasis, congestion of lungs and kidney, dilatation of heart and oedema of brain.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    LOW MILK FAT SYNDROME IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1997) SIVARAMAN, S.; Alex, P.C; SIVARAMAN, S.
    The epidemiology, haematological and and biochemical changes in blood and pattern of rumen fermentation in low milk fat syndrome cows were studied. Ten cases (below 3.5% milk fat) and six control animals (above 3.5% milk fat) were investigated. Rumen liquor, blood and composite milk samples were collected on three occasions viz. 30th, 60th and 90th day of lactation and selected parameters were studied. There was no significant difference in the physical characters, pH, SAT, MBRT protozoal motility and protozoal count of rumen liquor. Significant reduction in the rumen total volatile fatty acid and the acetic:propionic ratio (A:P) was noticed in the low milk fat group. Significant decrease in acetic acid and increase in propionic acid was observed in the low milk fat group. There was no significant difference in haemoglobin, haemotocrit, and TEC between the control and low milk fat groups. No significant difference was noticed in the serum triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose level between the control and low milk fat groups.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON MYCOTIC DERMATITIS OF DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1998) VINU DAVID, . P.; Baby, P.G.; VINU DAVID, . P.
    Incidence of mycotic dermatitis among the total canine cases presented at the University Veterinary Hospitals, Kokkalai and Mannuthy for a period from September 1996 to August 1998 was found to be 5.13 per cent. Among the total dermatological disorders 28.72 per cent had mycotic derroatitis. Age, breed and sex wise incidence were collected. This showed an increased incidence in adult dogs, mostly in German Shepherds and that too in females. Detailed clinical examination revealed scaliness, alopecia, pruritus and erythema in all cases. Lesions were mainly localized, extremely variable in configuration and majority were distributed on head and limbs. Skin scrapings collected and examined under microscope showed the presence of ectothrix arrangement of fungal spores. Mean total and differential count of leukocytes were found to be within the normal range for all cases. A total of four dermatophytes and 17 non-dermatophytes were isolated by fungal culture. Dermatophytes isolated were three Microsporum gypseum and one Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. Non-dermatophytes isolated were eight Penicillium, six Aspergillus and three Rhizopus spp. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests on the fungal isolates obtained showed a high sensitivity to cinnamon oil at a dilution of 1 in 10, followed by ketoconazole at 20 /xg and Sphaeranthus indicus extract at 50 mg concentrations. Response to treatment trials conducted on dogs with mycotic dermatitis using ketoconazole ointment showed therapeutic response in five out of seven cases. No response was noticed in dogs even after the course of treatment with S. Indicus extract. Complete recovery was noticed in all animals treated with cinnamon oil.