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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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Subject: Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine × Author: AMRUTHA C N × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN WAYANAD DISTRICT
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD, 2018) AMRUTHA C N; Bipin K C
    The present study was designed for the identification of serovars associated with canine leptospirosis in Wayanad district by serological and molecular methods and to study various clinico-pathological changes associated with the disease. Thirty-five dogs presented at University hospitals of Wayanad district with clinical manifestations suggestive of leptospirosis formed materials for the study. All the animals were screened for infection by dark filed microscopy, MAT and PCR. None on the animals were diagnosed positive by DFM examination of plasma or urine. On MAT, fourteen samples (40 per cent) were positive for antibodies against Leptospira organisms. But PCR could detect leptospiral DNA in only four blood samples. Pyrogens (35.71 per cent) was the predominating serovar in Wayanad District, followed by Javanica and Icterohaemorragiae (21.42 per cent each), Australis, Bataviae, Grippotyphosa and Tarasovi (12.28 per cent each) and Canicola (7.14 per cent). Pyrexia was the predominating clinical sign in affected animals. Other signs include anorexia, vomiting, jaundice, haematuria and melena. Males and middle aged dogs of two to three years were mostly affected. Working and sporting breeds like Labrador Retrievers and Rottweilers were mostly affected. Positive dogs revealed a significant increase in total leukocyte count, differential granulocyte count and decrease in lymphocyte and monocyte count. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia was evident in more than fifty per cent of the positive cases. Azotemia was evident by significant increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Increase in serum ALT indicated hepatic cellular damage. Positive animals showed increase in serum total protein, globulin, A:G ratio and total bilirubin. Proteinuria was observed in 57.14 per cent and haematuria in 37.71 per cent of positive cases. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed renomegaly, loss of cortico-medullary differentiation, hyper echoic changes of liver parenchyma and splenomegaly. On post-mortem examination, icterus was noticed on gingiva, sclera and subcutaneous tissues. Petechial haemorrhages were noticed on liver, lungs, kidney, mucosal surface of gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. Histopathological examination revealed interstitial nephritis with mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular degeneration and necrosis of kidneys, centrilobular necrosis, minimal perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilation and congestion of liver tissues and pulmonary congestion and interstitial pneumonia in lung